味苦，无毒。主风血羸老，腹内及腰脚诸冷，食不作肌肤，浸酒服之。生天目山，
蟠屈如龙，故号地龙藤。绕树木生，似龙所生，与此颇同，小有异耳，吴中亦有也。
主蝎螫，横井上立愈。上立炭，主金疮。刮取敷疮上，止血生肉。带之辟邪恶
鬼。
（己酉添加衍义）
\r巴豆\pd352.bmp\r
味辛，温，生温熟寒，有大毒。主伤寒温疟寒热，破症瘕结聚坚积，留饮痰癖，大腹
水胀，荡练五脏六腑，开通闭塞，利水谷道，去恶肉，除鬼毒蛊疰邪物，杀虫鱼，疗女子月
闭，烂胎，金疮脓血，不利丈夫阴，杀斑蝥毒。可练饵之，益血脉，令人色好，变化与鬼神
通。一名巴椒。生巴郡川谷。八月采，阴干。用之去心、皮。（芫花为之使，恶 草，畏大
黄、黄连、藜芦。）
陶隐居云∶出巴郡。似大豆，最能泻人，新者佳，用之皆去心皮，乃秤。又熬令黄黑，
别捣如膏，乃和丸散尔。道方∶亦有练饵法服之乃言神仙。人吞一枚便欲死。而鼠食之，三
年重三十斤，物性乃有相耐如此尔。唐本注云∶树高丈余。叶似樱桃叶，头微赤，十二月叶
渐凋，至四月落尽，五月叶渐生，七月花，八月结实，九月成，十月采。其子三枚共蒂，各
有壳裹。出眉州、嘉州者良。今按 陈藏器本草云∶巴豆，主症癖 气，痞满，腹内积聚，
冷
气血块，宿食不消，痰饮吐水。取青黑大者，每日空腹服一枚，去壳，勿令白膜破，乃作两
片（并四边不得有缺损）吞之，以饮压令下。少间腹内热如火，痢出恶物。虽痢不虚，若久
服
亦不痢。白膜破者弃之。生南方。树大如围，极高，不啻一丈也。臣禹锡等谨按药性论云∶
巴豆，使。中其毒，用黄连汁、大豆汁解之。忌芦笋、酱、豉、冷水，得火良。杀斑蝥、蛇
虺毒。能主破心腹聚结气，治十种水肿，痿痹，大腹，能落胎。日华子云∶通宣一切病，泄
壅滞，除风补劳，健脾开胃，消痰破血，排脓消肿毒，杀腹脏虫，治恶疮息肉及疥癞疔肿。
凡合丸散，炒不如去心膜煮五度，换水各煮一沸。
图经曰∶巴豆，出巴郡川谷。今嘉、眉、戎州皆有之。木高一、二丈。叶如樱桃而浓大，
初生青，后渐黄赤，至十二月叶渐凋，二月复渐生，至四月旧叶落尽，新叶齐生，即花发成
穗，微黄色。五、六月结实作房，生青，至八月熟而黄，类白豆蔻，渐渐自落，即收之。一
房共有三瓣，一瓣有实一粒，一房共实三粒也。戎州出者，壳上有纵纹，隐起如线，一道至
两、三道。彼土人呼为金线巴豆，最为上等，它处亦稀有。
雷公云∶凡使巴之与豆及刚子，须在仔细认，勿误用，杀人。巴颗小紧实，色黄；豆即
颗有三棱，色黑；若刚子，颗小似枣核，两头尖。巴与豆即用，刚子勿使。凡修事巴豆，敲
碎，以麻油并酒等可煮巴豆了，研膏后用。每修事一两，以酒、麻油各七合。尽为度。圣惠
方∶治中风口 。巴豆七枚，去皮烂研。 左涂右手心， 右涂左手心，仍以暖水一盏，安
向手心，须臾即便正，洗去药并频抽掣中指。又方∶治牙疼。用巴豆一粒，煨至黄熟，去壳，
用蒜一瓣，切一头，作盖，剜去中心，可安巴豆在内，以盖子合之。用绵裹，随患处左右塞
耳中。外台秘要∶文仲方，主唯腹大动摇水声，皮肤黑，名曰水蛊。巴豆九十枚（去心、皮，
熬令黄），杏仁六十枚（去皮、尖，熬令黄），二味捣丸如小豆大。水下一丸，以利为度。勿
饮酒。千金方∶主大人、小儿风瘙瘾疹，心迷闷方∶巴豆二两，槌破，以水七升，煮取三升，
以帛染拭之。又方∶治寒癖宿食，久饮不消，大便秘。巴豆仁一升，清酒五升，煮三日三夜，
研令大熟，合酒微火煎之，丸如胡豆大。每服一丸，水下。欲吐者，服二丸。又方∶治喉痹，
已死有余气者。巴豆去皮，针线穿，咽入喉中，牵出。千金翼∶治小儿身肿，并手足肿兼瘾
疹。巴豆五十枚去皮、心，以水二升，煎取一升，用绵于汤中随手拭之。经验方∶郑獬侍御
传治气痢。巴豆一两，去皮、
心，熬细研，取熟猪肝和丸。空心米饮下，量力加减服之。牛肝尤佳。如食素人，以蒸饼丸
服。又方∶治耳卒聋。巴豆
一粒，蜡裹，针刺令通透用，塞耳中。又方∶治箭镞入骨不可拔。取巴豆微熬，与蜣螂同研，
涂所伤处，斯须痛定，微
痒忍之，待极痒不可忍，便撼动箭镞，即拔之，立出。夏候郸云∶初在润州得方，箭镞出后，
速以生肌膏敷之。说者云
兼治疮。郸得方，后至洪州，旅舍主人妻患背疮呻吟，郸遽用此方∶试之，愈。胜金治喉闭，
缠喉风。巴豆两粒，纸紧
角可通得入鼻，用刀子切断两头，壳子将针穿作孔子，纳鼻中，久即瘥。十全方∶治疥疮。
巴豆十粒，火炮过黄色，去
皮膜，右顺手研如面，入酥少许，腻粉少许，同研匀，爪破，以竹篦子点药，不得落眼里及
外肾上。如熏KT 着外肾，
以黄丹涂，甚妙。初虞方∶治药毒秘效。巴豆（去皮，不出油）、马牙硝等分，合研成膏。
冷水化一弹子许，服瘥。贾相
公∶进过牛经，牛有卒疫，动头打肋者。以巴豆两个，去皮捣末，生油二两，淡浆水
灌之瘥。
【地龙藤】
味苦，无毒。主治风血导致的身体消瘦衰老，腹部及腰脚的各种冷痛，饮食无法转化为肌肤营养，浸泡在酒中服用。生长在天目山，盘曲弯曲像龙一样，所以称为地龙藤。缠绕树木生长，形状像龙所生之物，与此（地龙藤）颇为相似，只有细微差别罢了，吴地也有这种植物。
主治蝎子螫伤，将药横着放在井口上立竿见影地痊愈。烧成炭后使用，主治金属利器造成的创伤。刮取药粉敷在疮口上，能止血并促进肌肉生长。佩戴它可以辟除邪恶鬼魅。
（己酉年添加《本草衍义》的内容）
\r巴豆\pd352.bmp\r
味辛，性温，生用性温，熟用性寒，有大毒。主治伤寒、温疟引起的寒热往来，破除症瘕积聚、坚硬的积块，消除停留的饮邪和痰癖，治疗大腹水胀，荡涤五脏六腑，开通闭塞，通利大小便，去除恶肉，驱除鬼毒、蛊疰等邪物，杀虫鱼，治疗女子月经闭止，使坏胎腐烂脱落，治疗金疮脓血，不损害男子阴部功能，能解斑蝥毒。可以炼制后吞服，有益血脉，使人面色红润，功效神奇仿佛能与鬼神相通。又名巴椒。生长在巴郡的山谷中。八月采收，阴干。使用时需去掉心部和皮。（以芫花为引经药，畏恶草，畏惧大黄、黄连、藜芦。）
陶隐居说：出产于巴郡。形状像大豆，最能泻下人体，新鲜的为佳，使用时都要去掉心和皮，然后称量。又需炒至黄黑色，另外捣碎如膏状，然后才能制作成丸散。道家方术：也有炼制后吞服的方法，据说这样服用可以成仙。人如果吞下一枚就会想要死掉。但是老鼠吃了它，三年体重增加三十斤，药物的性质竟然有相互制约耐受到如此地步。唐本注说：树高一丈多。叶子像樱桃叶，头部微红，十二月叶子逐渐凋落，到四月落尽，五月叶子逐渐生出，七月开花，八月结果，九月成熟，十月采收。它的果实三枚共用一个蒂，各自有壳包裹。出在眉州、嘉州的品质优良。现在考证陈藏器《本草》说：巴豆，主治症癖气，痞满，腹内积聚，冷气血块，宿食不消，痰饮吐水。选取青黑色的大果实，每天空腹服用一枚，去掉壳，不要让白膜破裂，将其分成两片（四边不能有缺损）吞下，用水送服。过了一会儿腹内发热如火，拉出恶臭物质。虽然腹泻但不会虚弱，如果长期服用也不会再腹泻。白膜破裂的就丢弃。生长在南方。树大如合抱，非常高，不止一丈。臣禹锡等人谨按《药性论》说：巴豆，作为使药。中毒了，用黄连汁、大豆汁解毒。忌食芦笋、酱、豉、冷水，用火处理良好。能杀斑蝥、蛇虺毒。能主治破除心腹聚结之气，治疗十种水肿，痿痹，大腹，能导致堕胎。日华子说：通宣一切病，泄壅滞，除风补劳，健脾开胃，消痰破血，排脓消肿毒，杀腹脏虫，治恶疮息肉及疥癞疔肿。凡是制作丸散，炒不如去掉心膜煮五次，换水各煮一沸。
《图经》说：巴豆，出产于巴郡山谷。现在嘉州、眉州、戎州都有。木高一、二丈。叶子像樱桃叶而浓大，初生时青色，后来逐渐变黄赤，到十二月叶子逐渐凋落，二月又逐渐生出，到四月旧叶落尽，新叶齐生，即花发成穗，微黄色。五、六月结果实呈房状，生青色，到八月成熟变黄，类似白豆蔻，渐渐自然掉落，就采收它。一房共有三瓣，一瓣有一粒果实，一房共三粒果实。戎州出产的，壳上有纵纹，隐起如线，一道到两、三道。当地人称其为金线巴豆，最为上等，其他地方也稀有。
雷公说：凡是使用巴、豆及刚子，必须仔细辨认，不要误用，会杀人。巴颗小且紧实，色黄；豆即颗粒有三棱，色黑；若刚子，颗粒小像枣核，两头尖。巴与豆可以使用，刚子不要使用。凡是修整巴豆，敲碎，用麻油并酒等可以煮巴豆了，研成膏后使用。每修整一两，用酒、麻油各七合。以此为限度。圣惠方：治疗中风口眼歪斜。巴豆七枚，去皮烂研。涂在左手心，右涂右手心，仍用暖水一盏，安向手心，一会儿即便正，洗去药并频繁抽掣中指。又一方：治疗牙疼。用巴豆一粒，煨至黄熟，去掉壳，用蒜一瓣，切一头，作盖，剜去中心，可安放巴豆在内，以盖子合之。用绵裹，随患处左右塞入耳中。外台秘要：文仲方，主治唯腹大动摇有水声，皮肤黑，名叫水蛊。巴豆九十枚（去心、皮，熬令黄），杏仁六十枚（去皮、尖，熬令黄），二味捣丸如小豆大。水下一丸，以利为度。勿饮酒。千金方：主治大人、小儿风瘙瘾疹，心迷闷方：巴豆二两，槌破，以水七升，煮取三升，以帛染拭之。又一方：治疗寒癖宿食，久饮不消，大便秘。巴豆仁一升，清酒五升，煮三日三夜，研令大熟，合酒微火煎之，丸如胡豆大。每服一丸，水下。想吐者，服二丸。又一方：治疗喉痹，已死有余气者。巴豆去皮，针线穿，咽入喉中，牵出。千金翼：治疗小儿身肿，并手足肿兼瘾疹。巴豆五十枚去皮、心，以水二升，煎取一升，用绵于汤中随手拭之。经验方：郑獬侍御传治气痢。巴豆一两，去皮、心，熬细研，取熟猪肝和丸。空心米饮下，量力加减服之。牛肝尤佳。如食素人，以蒸饼丸服。又一方：治疗耳卒聋。巴豆一粒，蜡裹，针刺令通透用，塞耳中。又一方：治疗箭镞入骨不可拔。取巴豆微熬，与蜣螂同研，涂所伤处，斯须痛定，微痒忍之，待极痒不可忍，便撼动箭镞，即拔之，立出。夏候郸云：初在润州得方，箭镞出后，速以生肌膏敷之。说者云兼治疮。郸得方，后至洪州，旅舍主人妻患背疮呻吟，郸遽用此方∶试之，愈。胜金治喉闭，缠喉风。巴豆两粒，纸紧角可通得入鼻，用刀子切断两头，壳子将针穿作孔子，纳鼻中，久即瘥。十全方：治疗疥疮。巴豆十粒，火炮过黄色，去皮膜，右顺手研如面，入酥少许，腻粉少许，同研匀，爪破，以竹篦子点药，不得落眼里及外肾上。如熏KT 着外肾，以黄丹涂，甚妙。初虞方：治疗药毒秘效。巴豆（去皮，不出油）、马牙硝等分，合研成膏。冷水化一弹子许，服瘥。贾相公：进过牛经，牛有卒疫，动头打肋者。以巴豆两个，去皮捣末，生油二两，淡浆水灌之瘥。
[Di Long Teng]
Taste: Bitter. Toxicity: Non-toxic. Indications: Mainly treats wind-blood conditions leading to emaciation and aging, various cold sensations in the abdomen, waist, and legs; where food fails to transform into muscle and flesh. It is taken after being soaked in wine. Habitat: Grows in Tianmu Mountain. Morphology: Twisted and coiled like a dragon, hence the name Di Long Teng (Earth Dragon Vine). Growth habit: Climbs around trees, resembling something born from a dragon. It is quite similar to this plant, with only minor differences. It is also found in the Wu region.
Indications: Treats scorpion stings; placing it horizontally on a well mouth leads to immediate cure. When carbonized, it treats metal weapon wounds. Scraped powder applied to sores stops bleeding and promotes tissue regeneration. Wearing it wards off evil spirits and malevolent entities.
(Added during Jiyou year from *Bencao Yan Yi*)
\Ba Dou\pd352.bmp
Taste: Pungent. Nature: Warm when raw, Cold when cooked. Toxicity: Highly toxic. Indications: Treats shanghan (cold damage) and wen nue (warm malaria) with alternating chills and fever; breaks up zheng zha (masses), accumulations, hard deposits, retained fluids, tan pi (phlegm-stasis); treats da fu shui zhang (abdominal distension with fluid retention); purges the five zang and six fu organs; opens blockages; promotes urination and defecation; removes necrotic tissue; expels gui du (ghost toxins), gu zhu (infectious diseases), and other pathogenic factors; kills parasites and fish; treats amenorrhea in women; causes abortion of malformed fetuses; treats suppurating wounds from metal injuries; does not harm male genital function; detoxifies ban mao (Mylabris) poison. It can be processed and ingested to benefit blood vessels, improve complexion, and produce miraculous effects as if communicating with spirits. Alias: Ba Jiao (Ba Pepper). Habitat: Grows in valleys of Ba Commandery. Harvest time: August, dried in shade. Preparation: Remove the heart and skin before use. Interactions: Guided by Yuan Hua (Genkwa Flos); adverse reaction with E Cao; inhibited by Da Huang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma), Huang Lian (Coptidis Rhizoma), Li Lu (Veratri Rhizoma).
Tao Hongjing states: Originates from Ba Commandery. Resembles soybeans; has strong purgative effects; fresh ones are superior. Before weighing, remove the heart and skin. Then roast until yellow-black, grind separately into a paste, and mix into pills or powders. Daoist methods: There is a processing method for ingestion said to lead to immortality. If a person swallows one seed, they may feel like dying. However, rats eating it gain thirty jin in weight over three years, showing that substances have mutual tolerance properties. Tang Ben Zhu states: The tree is over one zhang high. Leaves resemble cherry leaves, slightly reddish at the tips; leaves gradually wither in December, fall completely by April, regrow in May, flower in July, fruit in August, mature in September, harvested in October. Three seeds share one pedicel, each enclosed in a shell. Those from Meizhou and Jiazhou are of good quality. Current research based on Chen Cangqi's *Bencao*: Ba Dou treats zheng pi qi (masses and qi stagnation), pi man (fullness), abdominal accumulations, cold qi-blood masses, undigested food, phlegm-fluid vomiting. Select large, dark green/black seeds. Take one seed daily on an empty stomach, remove the shell without breaking the white membrane, split into two pieces (ensure no edges are damaged), swallow with water. After a while, intense heat arises in the abdomen, followed by expulsion of foul matter. Although diarrhea occurs, weakness does not ensue; long-term use prevents further diarrhea. Discard seeds where the white membrane is broken. Grows in the South. Trees are thick as a human embrace, very tall, exceeding one zhang. Ministers Yu Xi et al., according to *Yao Xing Lun*: Ba Dou acts as a guiding herb. For poisoning, antidote with Coptis juice or soybean juice. Contraindications: Reeds, sauces, fermented soybeans, cold water. Fire-processing is beneficial. Detoxifies Mylabris and snake venoms. Breaks up heart/abdominal qi masses; treats ten types of edema, flaccidity-obstruction, abdominal distension; induces abortion. Ri Huazi states: Unblocks all diseases, drains stagnation, dispels wind, tonifies fatigue, strengthens spleen, opens appetite, resolves phlegm, breaks blood stasis, discharges pus, reduces swelling/toxins, kills intestinal worms, treats malignant sores, polyps, scabies, and carbuncles. For pill/powder preparation, boiling five times with water changes is better than roasting. Remove the heart membrane.
*Tujing* states: Ba Dou originates from Ba Commandery valleys. Now found in Jiazhou, Meizhou, Rongzhou. Trees are one to two zhang high. Leaves resemble cherry leaves but are thicker and larger; initially green, turning yellow-red; wither in December, regrow in February, old leaves fall in April, new leaves emerge simultaneously, flowers form spikes, pale yellow. Fruits appear in May-June in pods, green initially, ripening to yellow in August, resembling white cardamom, falling naturally for harvest. One pod has three valves, each containing one seed, totaling three seeds per pod. Those from Rongzhou have longitudinal ridges on the shell, raised like lines, one to three lines. Locals call them Jin Xian Ba Dou (Golden Line Ba Bean), considered the highest grade, rare elsewhere.
Lei Gong states: Carefully distinguish Ba, Dou, and Gang Zi to avoid fatal errors. "Ba" seeds are small, tight, and yellow; "Dou" seeds have three棱s (angles) and are black; "Gang Zi" seeds are small, date-pit shaped, pointed at both ends. Use Ba and Dou; do not use Gang Zi. Processing: Crush seeds, boil with sesame oil and wine, grind into paste. For every liang processed, use seven he of wine and seven he of sesame oil. *Shenghui Fang*: Treats facial paralysis. Seven Ba Dou seeds, peeled and ground. Apply left hand palm, right hand palm. Hold warm water near palms. Once corrected, wash off medicine and frequently pull the middle finger. Another formula: Treats toothache. Roast one Ba Dou seed until yellow-cooked, peel, place inside a hollowed garlic clove (cut top as lid), wrap in cotton, insert into affected ear. *Waitai Miyao* (Wen Zhong's formula): Treats Shui Gu (water蛊) characterized by large shaking abdomen with fluid sounds and black skin. Ninety Ba Dou seeds (remove heart/skin, roast yellow), sixty Almond seeds (remove skin/tips, roast yellow). Grind into pills size of small beans. Take one pill with water until purged. Avoid alcohol. *Qianjin Fang*: Treats wind-itch hives in adults/children, mental confusion. Two liang Ba Dou, crushed, boiled in seven sheng water to yield three sheng. Dip cloth and wipe body. Another formula: Treats cold-phlegm/undigested food, chronic drinking without digestion, severe constipation. One sheng Ba Dou kernel, five sheng clear wine, boiled for three days/nights, ground fine, reduced with wine over low fire into pills size of broad beans. Take one pill with water. To induce vomiting, take two pills. Another formula: Treats Hou Bi (throat obstruction) in near-death state. Peel Ba Dou, thread through throat, pull out. *Qianjin Yi Fang*: Treats infantile edema, limb swelling, and hives. Fifty peeled/de-heartened Ba Dou seeds, boiled in two sheng water to yield one sheng. Dip cotton in decoction and wipe. *Jingyan Fang* (Zhuan Xie): Treats Qi Li (gas dysentery). One liang Ba Dou, peeled/de-heartened, roasted and finely ground. Mix with cooked pork liver into pills. Take with rice water on empty stomach, adjust dose. Beef liver is better. Vegetarians use steamed bun pills. Another formula: Treats sudden deafness. One Ba Dou seed, wrapped in wax, pierced with needle, inserted into ear. Another formula: Treats embedded arrowheads. Lightly roast Ba Dou, grind with dung beetles, apply to wound. Pain subsides, slight itching endures until unbearable, then shake arrowhead to extract immediately. Xiahou Dan stated: Obtained this formula in Runzhou. After arrow extraction, quickly apply Sheng Ji Gao (flesh-generating ointment). Others say it also treats sores. Dan later used it in Hongzhou for a landlord's wife with back sore; cured. *Sheng Jin*: Treats Hou Bi (throat closure) and Chan Hou Feng (strangling throat wind). Two Ba Dou seeds, paper cone inserted into nose, cut ends, shell pierced with needle, placed in nostril; cures after prolonged use. *Shiquan Fang*: Treats Scabies. Ten Ba Dou seeds, fire-roasted yellow, peeled/grinded to powder. Add small amount of butter and Nifen (calamine/bismuth subcarbonate), grind uniform. Scratch skin, apply with bamboo stick. Avoid eyes and genitals. If splashed on genitals, apply Huang Dan (lead tetroxide). *Chuyu Fang*: Secret efficacy for drug toxicity. Ba Dou (peeled, non-oily) and Ma Ya Xiao (Natrii Sulfas) in equal parts, ground to paste. Dissolve in cold water (size of bullet), ingest to cure. *Prime Minister Jia*: Advanced *Niu Jing* (Cow Classic). For sudden cattle epidemic with head-shaking/flank-beating: Two peeled Ba Dou seeds, powdered, mixed with two liang raw oil, diluted grain water灌 (irrigated/given orally) to cure.