肾主志，肝主怒，脾主思。凡肝热郁勃之人，于欲事每迫不可遏，必待一泄，始得舒快
。此
肝阳不得宣达，下陷于肾，是怒气激其志气，使志不得静也。肝以疏泄为性，既不得疏于上
，而陷于下，遂不得不泄于下，泄之不止，肾精为肝风煽尽，而气脱矣。治法∶酸凉、辛凉
清肝之燥，疏肝之郁而升发之，使不下陷；若不应者，是脾虚不能升载肝气也，加健脾以托
之。若以苦寒清心，心肝木火之邪一齐下溜，搏于肾阴，愈令勃勃欲出矣。大抵兼升、兼开
、兼滋、兼敛，而不可清降也。此证男妇皆有，若湿热盛者，可加苦寒、咸寒以坚之。
石膏性寒，理直体重而气清，最清肺胃气分之热。而自仲景青龙、越婢方中用之，后世
释本
草者，遂谓力能发表。其说谓石膏理直，故能疏表，穿凿极矣。窃尝深体此物必能利湿，仲
景方意，盖取其清热利小便也。后读《洄溪医案》又谓石膏能降胃中逆气，吴鞠通又以石膏
、半
夏治痰喘。其性用不皎然乎!但生用则清热之力胜，熟用则利湿之力胜。洁古增损柴胡汤，
用石膏治产后中风，是又培土镇风之药矣。陈修园《金匮歌括》中，水气篇杏子汤方下，亦
极论石膏质重性寒，只能清肺胃，镇逆气，去内蕴之热，不能发外感之汗，即或温病有时热
气亢逆，肺叶焦满，不得运转，以石膏清之、降之，而肺气遂滋润而汗出者，此亦非发散之
功，乃清滋之效也。又疗小儿急惊，用生石膏十两，加辰砂五钱，研极细末，每服一岁至三
岁一钱，四岁至七岁一钱五分，是石膏确为重镇清痰之品，少加辰砂，借引导以达于心也
。
又仲景薯蓣丸下云∶欲肥者，加炖煌石膏。是又能令人肥壮也。何者?以其合山药、大枣，
能清养脾胃故也。
肾主宰意志，肝主宰愤怒，脾主宰思虑。凡是肝热郁结亢盛的人，在房事方面往往欲望迫切而难以抑制，必须经过一次性泄精，才能感到舒畅愉快。这是因为肝阳不能宣通发散，反而下陷于肾，这是怒气激发了志气，使得志气无法保持宁静。肝的生理特性是以疏泄为主，既然在上焦不能得到疏解，反而陷入下焦，就不得不通过下泄来释放，如果这种下泄不止，肾精就会被肝风煽动耗竭，导致元气脱失。治疗方法：使用酸凉、辛凉的药物清除肝的热燥，疏解肝的郁结并升发肝气，使其不再下陷；如果这样治疗无效，说明是脾气虚弱，不能升举承载肝气，此时应加入健脾的药物以托举肝气。如果用苦寒药物清心火，会导致心和肝的木火邪气一同向下流注，搏结于肾阴，反而更加促使欲望勃发。大抵此证应当兼顾升提、兼顾开散、兼顾滋养、兼顾收敛，而不可以使用清降的方法。这个病症男女都会发生，如果是湿热炽盛的，可以加入苦寒、咸寒的药物以坚固肾阴。
石膏性质寒凉，纹理直、质地沉重而气味清轻，最能清除肺和胃气分的实热。自从张仲景在青龙汤、越婢汤中使用它以来，后世解释《本草》的人，于是说它能发表发汗。这种说法认为石膏纹理直，所以能疏通表邪，这种牵强附会的解释太过分了。我曾经深入体会此药，认为它一定能利湿，张仲景方剂的用意，大概是取它清热利小便的作用罢了。后来阅读《洄溪医案》，又说石膏能降逆胃中的冲气，吴鞠通用石膏、半夏治疗痰喘。它的性用不是很明显吗！但是生用则清热力量占优势，煅用则利湿力量占优势。李东垣（洁古）增损柴胡汤，用石膏治疗产后中风，这又是培补脾胃、镇熄肝风的药物了。陈修园在《金匮歌括》中，水气篇杏子汤方剂下面，也极力论述石膏质重性寒，只能清肺胃，镇降逆气，去除内部蕴积的热邪，不能发出外感之汗，即使有时温病热气亢逆，肺叶焦枯胀满，不能正常运转，用石膏来清降它，肺气随之滋润而汗出，这也不是发散的功效，而是清润滋养的效果。另外治疗小儿急惊风，用生石膏十两，加辰砂五钱，研成极细粉末，每服一岁至三岁一钱，四岁至七岁一钱五分，这说明石膏确实是重镇清化痰热的药品，少加辰砂，借其引导作用到达心脏。
另外张仲景薯蓣丸方下说：“想要身体肥壮者，加炖煌石膏。”这说明它又能让人肥壮。为什么呢？因为它配合山药、大枣，能清养脾胃的缘故。
The Kidney governs Zhi (Willpower), the Liver governs Nu (Anger), and the Spleen governs Si (Overthinking). In individuals with Liver Heat stagnation and hyperactivity, sexual desire is often urgent and uncontrollable; relief is only achieved after ejaculation. This occurs because Liver Yang fails to diffuse and ascend, instead sinking into the Kidney. Anger stimulates Zhi, preventing it from remaining tranquil. The Liver's physiological nature is characterized by free flow and discharge. Since it cannot be unblocked in the upper Jiao and sinks into the lower Jiao, it is forced to discharge downward. If this discharge continues unchecked, Kidney Essence will be fanned out and exhausted by Liver Wind, leading to Qi collapse. Treatment principle: Use sour-cool and pungent-cool herbs to clear Liver dryness-heat, soothe Liver stagnation, and promote ascending movement to prevent sinking. If there is no response, it indicates that Spleen Qi deficiency fails to lift and support Liver Qi; in this case, add herbs to tonify the Spleen to support it. If bitter-cold herbs are used to clear Heart Fire, the Wood-Fire pathogenic factors of the Heart and Liver will flow downward together, clashing with Kidney Yin, thereby further exacerbating the urge for release. Generally, treatment should combine ascending, dispersing, nourishing, and astringent methods, avoiding descending and clearing methods. This condition affects both men and women. If Damp-Heat is abundant, bitter-cold and salty-cold herbs can be added to consolidate the Kidney.
Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum) has a cold nature, straight texture, heavy weight, and light aroma, making it most effective at clearing heat from the Qi level of the Lung and Stomach. Since Zhang Zhongjing used it in Qinglong Tang (Blue Dragon Decoction) and Yuespi Fang (Yuebi Formula), later commentators on Bencao (Materia Medica) claimed it could induce sweating to release the exterior. Their argument was that Shigao’s straight texture allows it to disperse the exterior, which is an extremely far-fetched interpretation. I have deeply contemplated this substance and believe it must promote diuresis. The intent behind Zhang Zhongjing’s formulas likely lies in its ability to clear heat and promote urination. Later, reading *Huixi Yi An* (Medical Cases from Huixi), it was stated that Shigao can descend rebellious Qi in the Stomach. Wu Jutong also used Shigao combined with Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma) to treat phlegm-wheezing. Its properties and actions are quite clear! However, when used raw, its heat-clearing power is superior; when calcined, its damp-draining power is superior. Li Dongyuan (Jiegu)’s modified Chaihu Tang (Bupleurum Decoction) uses Shigao to treat postpartum wind-stroke, serving as a herb to fortify Earth and settle Wind. In Chen Xiuyuan’s *Jingui Ge Kuo* (Rhymed Verses on the Golden Cabinet), under the formula Xingzi Tang (Apricot Seed Decoction) in the Water-Qi chapter, it is extensively argued that due to its heavy texture and cold nature, Shigao can only clear the Lung and Stomach, settle rebellious Qi, and remove internal accumulated heat; it cannot induce sweating for external contraction. Even if in warm diseases, excessive heat causes rebellion, with scorched and distended Lung lobes unable to circulate properly, using Shigao to clear and descend it leads to moistened Lung Qi and subsequent sweating. This is not a result of dispersion, but rather the effect of clearing and moistening. Furthermore, for treating pediatric acute convulsions, 10 liang of raw Shigao is mixed with 5 qian of Zhensha (Cinnabar), ground into an ultra-fine powder. Dosage: one qian for ages one to three, one qian and five fen for ages four to seven. This confirms that Shigao is indeed a heavy-settling herb for clearing phlegm-heat. A small amount of Zhensha is added to guide the action to the Heart.
Additionally, Zhang Zhongjing’s note under Shuyu Wan (Dioscorea Pill) states: "For those wishing to gain weight, add Dunhuang Shigao." This indicates it can also make one robust and plump. Why? Because combined with Shanyao (Dioscoreae Rhizoma) and Dazao (Ziziphi Jujubae Fructus), it can clear and nourish the Spleen and Stomach.