黄帝问曰∶脉之缓急小大滑涩之病形何如？岐伯对曰∶心脉急甚为螈 ；微急为心痛引
背，食不下，缓甚为狂笑；微缓为伏梁，在心下，上下行，有时唾血。大甚为喉
；微大为心痹，引背善泪。小甚为善哕；微小为消瘅。滑甚为善渴；微滑为心疝，引脐少
腹鸣。涩甚为喑；微涩为血溢维（经络有阳维阴维）厥，耳鸣癫疾。
肺脉急甚为癫疾；微急为肺寒热怠惰，咳唾血，引腰背胸，若鼻息肉不通。缓甚为多汗
，微缓为痿 偏风，头以下汗出不止。大甚为颈肿；微大为肺痹，引胸背起，恶日光。小甚
为泄；微小为消瘅。滑甚为息贲上气；微滑为上下出血。涩甚为呕血，微涩为鼠 （一作漏）
，在颈支腋之间，下不胜其上，甚能善酸。
肝脉急甚为恶言（一作忘言）；微急为肥气，在胁下若履杯。缓甚为善呕；微缓为水瘕痹
。大甚为内痈，善呕衄；微大为肝痹，阴缩，咳引少腹。小甚为多饮；微小为消瘅。滑甚为
疝，微滑为遗溺。涩甚为溢饮；微涩为螈 挛筋。
脾脉急甚为螈 ；微急为鬲中，食饮入而还出，后沃沫。缓甚为痿厥；微缓为风痿，四
肢不用，心慧然若无病。大甚为击仆；微大为疝气，腹里大脓血在肠胃之外。小甚为寒热
；微小为消瘅。滑甚为 癃；微滑为虫毒 蝎腹热。涩甚为肠 （一作溃）；微涩为内溃
，多下脓血。
肾脉急甚为骨痿癫疾；微急为奔豚沉厥，足不收，不得前后。缓甚为折脊；微缓为洞泄
。洞泄者，食不化，下嗌还出。大甚为阴痿；微大为石水，起脐下至小腹垂垂然，上至胃脘
，死不治。小甚为洞泄；微小为消瘅。滑甚为痈 （一作癃 ）；微滑为骨痿，坐不能起
，起则目无所见，视黑丸。涩甚为大痈，微涩为不月沉痔。
曰∶病亦有甚变（一作病之六变）者，刺之奈何？曰∶诸急者多寒，缓者多热，大者多气
少血，小者血气皆少，滑者阳气盛而微有热，涩者多血少气而微有寒。是故刺急者，深内而
久留之；刺缓者，浅内而疾发针，以去其热；刺大者，微泻其气，无出其血；刺滑者，疾发
针而浅内之，以泻其阳气，去其热；刺涩者必中其脉，随其逆顺而久留之，必先按而循之
，已发针，疾按其 ，无令出血，以和其诸脉；小者阴阳形气俱不足，勿取以针，而
调之以甘药。
曰∶五脏六腑之气，荥俞所入为合，今何道从入，入安从道？曰∶此阳明之别入于内，
属于腑者也。曰荥俞与合，各有名乎？曰∶荥俞治外脏，经合治内腑。曰∶治内腑奈何？
曰∶取之于合。合各有名乎？曰∶胃合入于三里，大肠合入于巨虚上廉，小肠合入于巨
虚下廉，三焦合入于委阳，膀胱合入于委中央，胆合入于阳陵泉（按大肠合于曲池，小肠
合于小海，三焦合于天井，今此不同者，古之别法也。又详巨虚上廉乃足阳明与小肠相
合之穴也。与胃合三里，膀胱合委中，胆合阳陵泉，以脉之所入为合不同。三焦合委阳。委
阳者，乃三焦下辅 也，亦未见有为合之说）。曰∶取之奈何？曰∶取之三里者，低跗取之；
巨虚者，举足取之；委阳者，屈伸而取之；委中者，屈膝而取之；阳陵泉者，正立竖膝予之
齐，下至委阳之阳取之；诸外经者，揄伸而取之。
曰∶愿闻六腑之病？曰∶面热者，足阳明病；鱼络血者，手阳明病；两跗之上，脉坚若
陷者，足阳明病，此胃脉也。
黄帝问道：脉象的缓、急、小、大、滑、涩所反映的病证表现是怎样的？岐伯回答说：心脉急甚，会出现抽搐；微急，会导致心痛牵引背部，饮食难下；缓甚，会出现狂笑不止；微缓，会有伏梁病，病灶在心下，上下移动，有时咳唾带血。大甚，会出现喉痹；微大，会有心痹，疼痛牵引背部，容易流泪。小甚，容易呃逆；微小，会患消瘅病。滑甚，容易口渴；微滑，会有心疝，牵引脐部和小腹部鸣响。涩甚，声音嘶哑；微涩，会出现血液外溢、经络中的阳维阴维之气厥逆，伴有耳鸣和癫疾。
肺脉急甚，会患癫疾；微急，会有肺寒热、精神倦怠，咳嗽吐痰带血，疼痛牵引腰背胸部，或者鼻息肉阻塞不通。缓甚，出汗多；微缓，会有痿证偏风，头部以下汗出不止。大甚，颈部肿胀；微大，会有肺痹，牵引胸背而起，厌恶阳光。小甚，腹泻；微小，会患消瘅病。滑甚，呼吸急促气逆；微滑，上下出血。涩甚，呕血；微涩，会在颈侧腋下之间生鼠瘘（瘰疬），下肢无力不能支撑上身，严重时容易感到酸软。
肝脉急甚，言语恶毒（或健忘）；微急，会有肥气病，位于胁下像倒扣的杯子。缓甚，容易呕吐；微缓，会有水瘕痹症。大甚，体内生痈，容易呕吐和鼻衄；微大，会有肝痹，阴器收缩，咳嗽牵引少腹。小甚，多饮；微小，会患消瘅病。滑甚，会有疝气；微滑，遗尿。涩甚，会有溢饮；微涩，会出现抽搐和筋脉拘挛。
脾脉急甚，会出现抽搐；微急，膈中不适，饮食入胃后反出，大便排出泡沫状物。缓甚，肢体痿弱厥冷；微缓，会有风痿，四肢不能使用，但心中清醒好像没有病一样。大甚，会被击倒仆地；微大，会有疝气，肠胃之外有大的脓血积聚。小甚，寒热往来；微小，会患消瘅病。滑甚，小便不利；微滑，会有虫毒引起的腹部发热。涩甚，肠溃烂；微涩，体内溃败，多排出脓血。
肾脉急甚，会骨痿和癫疾；微急，会有奔豚气和沉厥，脚不能收持，大小便不通。缓甚，脊骨折断感；微缓，会有洞泄。洞泄的症状是，食物不消化，咽下去又吐出来。大甚，阳痿；微大，会有石水，从脐下至小腹肿胀下垂，向上延伸至胃脘，这种病死亡无法治疗。小甚，洞泄；微小，会患消瘅病。滑甚，生痈（或小便不利）；微滑，骨痿，坐起困难，站起来就看不见东西，视物模糊如看黑丸。涩甚，生大痈；微涩，女子月经不行，患有沉痔。
黄帝说：疾病也有六种变化，针刺治疗该怎么办？岐伯说：脉急的多为寒证，脉缓的多为热证，脉大的多为气盛血少，脉小的气血都少，脉滑的为阳气盛而微有热，脉涩的为血多气少而微有寒。因此，刺急脉，要深刺并久留针；刺缓脉，浅刺并快速出针，以去除热邪；刺大脉，轻微泻其气，不要放血；刺滑脉，快速出针且浅刺，以泻去阳气，去除热邪；刺涩脉，必须准确刺中血脉，顺着经脉的逆时针方向久留针，先按压循按经脉，出针后迅速按压针孔，不让出血，以调和诸脉；脉小的阴阳形体和气都不足，不要用针刺，而用甘味药物来调理。
黄帝问：五脏六腑的气，荥穴和俞穴进入变为合穴，现在它们是从哪里进入的，进入的路径是什么？岐伯说：这是阳明经的别络进入体内，属于腑的经脉。黄帝问：荥穴、俞穴和合穴，各有名称吗？岐伯说：荥穴和俞穴治疗外脏（六腑），经穴和合穴治疗内腑（五脏）。黄帝问：治疗内腑怎么办？岐伯说：取用合穴。合穴各有名称吗？岐伯说：胃的合穴在足三里，大肠的合穴在上巨虚，小肠的合穴在下巨虚，三焦的合穴在委阳，膀胱的合穴在委中，胆的合穴在阳陵泉。（注：大肠合于曲池，小肠合于小海，三焦合于天井，此处说法不同，是古代不同的方法。另外详细考证上巨虚乃是足阳明胃经与小肠相合的穴位。与胃合三里，膀胱合委中，胆合阳陵泉，是因为经脉所入之处作为合穴的标准不同。三焦合委阳。委阳，是三焦下辅之穴，也未见有为合穴的说法。）黄帝问：如何取穴？岐伯说：取足三里时，低俯足背取之；取上巨虚和下巨虚时，抬起足取之；取委阳时，屈伸腿取之；取委中时，屈膝取之；取阳陵泉时，正立竖膝，齐平身体，向下至委阳的阳面取之；所有外经穴位，通过伸展肢体来取之。
黄帝说：希望听您讲讲六腑的病证？岐伯说：面部发热，是足阳明胃经的病；手鱼际络脉充血，是手阳明大肠经的病；双脚背上方，脉坚硬或陷下的，是足阳明胃经的病，这就是胃的经脉病变。
Huangdi asked: What are the pathological manifestations reflected by the pulse conditions of slow (Huan), rapid/urgent (Ji), small (Xiao), large (Da), slippery (Hua), and choppy (Se)? Qibo replied: When the Heart pulse is extremely urgent (Ji), it manifests as convulsions; slightly urgent, it causes heart pain radiating to the back and difficulty in swallowing food; extremely slow (Huan), it leads to manic laughter; slightly slow, it results in Fu Liang (a mass fixed in the epigastrium) located below the heart, moving up and down, sometimes accompanied by hemoptysis. Extremely large, it causes throat obstruction (Hou Bi); slightly large, it leads to Xin Bi (Heart Bi syndrome) with pain radiating to the back and frequent tearing. Extremely small, it predisposes to hiccups; slightly small, it causes Xiao Dan (wasting-thirst). Extremely slippery, it causes excessive thirst; slightly slippery, it results in Xin Shan (Heart Hernia) with radiation to the umbilicus and borborygmus in the lower abdomen. Extremely choppy, it causes aphonia; slightly choppy, it leads to blood extravasation, Jue (reversal cold/heat) involving the Yang Wei and Yin Wei vessels, tinnitus, and Dian Ji (epilepsy).
When the Lung pulse is extremely urgent, it causes Dian Ji; slightly urgent, it presents with Lung cold-heat, lethargy, coughing with bloody sputum, pain radiating to the waist, back, and chest, or nasal polyps causing obstruction. Extremely slow, it causes profuse sweating; slightly slow, it leads to Wei Pi Feng (flaccidity with hemiplegia) with continuous sweating from the head downwards. Extremely large, it causes neck swelling; slightly large, it results in Fei Bi (Lung Bi syndrome) with radiation to the chest and back, and aversion to sunlight. Extremely small, it causes diarrhea; slightly small, it causes Xiao Dan. Extremely slippery, it causes Xi Ben Shang Qi (rapid breathing and rebellious Qi); slightly slippery, it causes bleeding from above and below. Extremely choppy, it causes hematemesis; slightly choppy, it leads to Shu Lou (scrofula) between the neck and axilla, weakness of the lower limbs unable to support the upper body, and severe soreness.
When the Liver pulse is extremely urgent, it causes foul speech (or forgetfulness); slightly urgent, it results in Fei Qi (a mass resembling an inverted cup) under the hypochondrium. Extremely slow, it causes frequent vomiting; slightly slow, it leads to Shui Jia Bi (water retention and bi-syndrome). Extremely large, it causes internal abscesses with frequent vomiting and epistaxis; slightly large, it results in Gan Bi (Liver Bi syndrome) with retraction of the genitals and cough radiating to the lower abdomen. Extremely small, it causes polydipsia; slightly small, it causes Xiao Dan. Extremely slippery, it causes Shan (hernia); slightly slippery, it causes enuresis. Extremely choppy, it causes Yi Yin (overflowing fluid); slightly choppy, it leads to convulsions and tendon cramping.
When the Spleen pulse is extremely urgent, it causes convulsions; slightly urgent, it causes discomfort in the diaphragm, regurgitation of food after eating, and passage of frothy stool. Extremely slow, it causes flaccidity and cold extremities; slightly slow, it leads to Feng Wei (wind-induced flaccidity) with inability to use the four limbs, yet the mind remains clear as if healthy. Extremely large, it causes being struck and falling; slightly large, it results in Shan Qi (hernia) with large accumulations of pus and blood outside the intestines and stomach. Extremely small, it causes alternating chills and fever; slightly small, it causes Xiao Dan. Extremely slippery, it causes Long (difficulty in urination); slightly slippery, it causes abdominal heat due to insect toxins. Extremely choppy, it causes intestinal ulceration; slightly choppy, it leads to internal溃败 (collapse) with passage of pus and blood.
When the Kidney pulse is extremely urgent, it causes Gu Wei (bone flaccidity) and Dian Ji; slightly urgent, it results in Ben Tun (running piglet) and Chen Jue (deep reversal cold), with inability to hold the feet and obstruction of urination and defecation. Extremely slow, it causes a sensation of broken spine; slightly slow, it leads to Dong Xie (sieve-like diarrhea). Dong Xie is characterized by undigested food that is swallowed and then vomited out. Extremely large, it causes Yin Wei (impotence); slightly large, it results in Shi Shui (stone water edema) starting from below the umbilicus to the lower abdomen, hanging heavily, extending up to the epigastrium, which is fatal and untreatable. Extremely small, it causes Dong Xie; slightly small, it causes Xiao Dan. Extremely slippery, it causes Yong (abscess); slightly slippery, it leads to Gu Wei with difficulty sitting and rising, blindness upon standing, and blurred vision like seeing black balls. Extremely choppy, it causes large abscesses; slightly choppy, it leads to amenorrhea and deep hemorrhoids.
Huangdi said: Diseases also have six variations; how should they be needled? Qibo said: Urgent pulses indicate mostly cold; slow pulses indicate mostly heat; large pulses indicate excess Qi and deficient Blood; small pulses indicate deficiency of both Qi and Blood; slippery pulses indicate abundant Yang Qi with slight heat; choppy pulses indicate excess Blood and deficient Qi with slight cold. Therefore, when needling urgent pulses, insert deeply and retain for a long time; when needling slow pulses, insert shallowly and withdraw quickly to dispel heat; when needling large pulses, slightly drain Qi without releasing blood; when needling slippery pulses, withdraw quickly and insert shallowly to drain Yang Qi and remove heat; when needling choppy pulses, ensure accurate penetration into the vessel, retain for a long time following the direction of the flow, press and massage beforehand, and after withdrawal, press the puncture site rapidly to prevent bleeding and harmonize the vessels; for small pulses, where Yin-Yang, form, and Qi are all deficient, do not use needles but regulate with sweet medicines.
Huangdi asked: The Qi of the Zang and Fu organs enters at the He-Sea points via Ying and Shu points. From where do they enter, and through what path? Qibo said: This refers to the collateral branches of the Yangming channel entering internally, belonging to the Fu organs. Huangdi asked: Do Ying, Shu, and He points have specific names? Qibo said: Ying and Shu points treat the exterior Zang (referring to Fu organs in this context), while Jing-Stream and He-Sea points treat the interior Fu organs. Huangdi asked: How to treat interior Fu organs? Qibo said: Take the He-Sea points. Do He-Sea points have specific names? Qibo said: The Stomach He-Sea point is Zusanli (ST36); the Large Intestine He-Sea point is Shangjuxu (ST37); the Small Intestine He-Sea point is Xiajuxu (ST39); the Sanjiao He-Sea point is Weiyang (BL39); the Bladder He-Sea point is Weizhong (BL40); the Gallbladder He-Sea point is Yanglingquan (GB34). [Note: In other texts, Large Intestine He is Quchi (LI11), Small Intestine He is Xiaohai (SI8), Sanjiao He is Tianjing (TE10). The difference here reflects ancient alternative methods. Also, Shangjuxu is technically the He-Sea of Foot-Yangming merging with Small Intestine. The standard He-points are Stomach-Zusanli, Bladder-Weizhong, Gallbladder-Yanglingquan. The entry points differ. Sanjiao He is Weiyang, which is the lower assistant of Sanjiao, though rarely cited as a He-point.] Huangdi asked: How to locate them? Qibo said: For Zusanli, flex the dorsum of the foot; for Shangjuxu and Xiajuxu, lift the foot; for Weiyang, flex and extend the leg; for Weizhong, flex the knee; for Yanglingquan, stand upright with knees vertical, align with the body, and locate below Weiyang on its Yang side; for all exterior channels, locate by stretching the limbs.
Huangdi said: I wish to hear about diseases of the Six Fu organs. Qibo said: Heat in the face indicates Foot-Yangming disease; blood in the collaterals of the fish-mound indicates Hand-Yangming disease; hardness or depression of the pulses on the dorsum of both feet indicates Foot-Yangming disease, which is the pulse of the Stomach.