督脉 此生病从小腹上冲心而痛,不得前后,为冲疝。其女子不孕,癃痔遗溺,嗌干脊
强反折,督脉生病治督脉。
任脉 为病,男子内结七疝,女子带下瘕聚。
阳跷脉 为病,阴缓而阳急,气并相还,则为濡目,气不荣,则目不合。
阴跷脉 为病,令人阳缓而阴急。
冲脉 为病,令人逆气里急。
阳维脉 若不能维于阳,则溶溶不能自收持。
阴维脉 若不能维于阴,则枨然失志。
带脉 为病,腰腹纵容,如囊水之状。
帝曰∶经脉者,所以决死生,处百病,不可不通。肺手太阴之脉起于中焦,下络大肠,
还循
胃口,上鬲属肺,从肺系横出腋下,下循 内,行少阴心主之前,下肘中循,臂内上骨下廉
,入寸口,上鱼,循鱼际出大指之端;其支者从腕后直出次指内廉出其端。大肠手阳明之脉
,起于大指次指之端,循指上廉出合谷两骨之间,上入两筋之中,循臂上廉入肘外廉,上循
外前廉,上肩出 骨之前廉,出于柱骨之会上,下之缺盆,络肺下鬲属大肠;其支者从缺
盆上颈贯颊,入下齿中,还出挟口交人中,左之右,右之左,上挟鼻孔。胃足阳明之脉,起
于鼻之交 中,旁纳(一作本幼)太阳之脉,下循鼻外,入上齿中,还出侠口环唇下承浆,却
循颐后下廉出大迎,循颊车上耳前,过客主人,循发际至额颅;其支者从大迎前下人迎,循
喉咙入缺盆,下鬲属胃络脾;其直行者,从缺盆下乳内廉,下挟脐入气街中,其支者起于胃
口,下循腹里下至气街中而合,以下髀关,抵伏兔,下膝膑中,下循 外廉,下足跗入中趾
外间;其支者下廉三寸而别,下入中趾外间;其支者下廉三寸而别,下入中趾外间;其支者
别跗上入大趾间出其端。脾足太阴之脉
,起于大指之端,循指内侧白肉际,过核骨后,上内踝前廉,上 内循 骨后,交出厥阴之
前,上膝股内前廉,入腹属脾络胃,上鬲挟咽连舌本,散舌下;其支者复从胃别上鬲注心中
。心手少阴之脉,起于心中,出属心系,下鬲络小肠其支者从心系上挟咽系目系;其直者复
从心系却上肺,下出腋下,下循 内后廉,行太阴心主之后,下肘骨循臂内后廉,抵掌后兑
骨之端,入掌内后廉,循小指之内出其端。小肠手太阳之脉,起于小指之端循手外侧上出踝
中,直上循臂骨下廉出肘内侧两筋之间,上循 外后廉,出肩解,绕肩胛,交肩上入缺盆,
络心循咽,下鬲抵胃属小肠;其支者从缺盆循颈上颊至目锐 ,却入耳中;其支者别颊上
抵鼻至目内 ,斜络于颧。膀胱足太阳之脉,起于目内 上,额交巅,其支者从巅至耳上角
;其直者从巅入络脑还出别下项,循肩膊,内挟脊抵腰中,入循膂,络肾属膀胱;其支者从
要中下夹脊贯臀入 中;其支者从膊内左右别下贯胛,挟脊内过髀枢,循髀外从后廉下合
中,以下贯 内出外踝之后,循京骨至小趾外侧。肾足少阴之脉,起于小趾之下,斜走足心
,出于然谷之下,循内踝之后,别入跟中,以上 内,出 内廉,上股内后廉贯脊属肾络膀
胱;其直者从肾上贯肝鬲入肺中,循喉咙夹舌本;其支者从肺出络心,注胸中。心主手厥阴
心包络之脉,起于胸中,出属心包络,下鬲历络三焦;其支者循胸中出胁下腋三寸,上抵腋
下循 内,行太阴少阴之间,入肘中下臂,行两筋之间,入掌中循中指出其端;其支者别掌
中,循小指次指出其端。三焦手少阳之脉,起于小指次指之端,上出两指之间,循手表腕,
出臂外两骨之间,上贯肘,循 外上肩而交出足少阳之后,入缺盆布膻中,散络心包,下鬲
循属三焦;其支者从膻中上出缺盆,上项系耳后,直上出耳上角以屈下颊至 ;其支者从耳
后入耳中,出走耳前,过客主人,前交颊至目锐 。胆足少阳之脉起于目锐 ,上抵头角下
耳后循颈行手少阳之前,至肩上交出手少阳之后,入缺盆;其支者后耳后入耳中,出走耳前
,至目锐 后,其支者别锐 下大迎,合于手少阳,抵于 下,加颊车下颈合缺盆以下胸中
,贯鬲络肝属胆,循胁里,出气街,绕毛际,横入髀厌中;其直者从缺盆下腋循胸,过季胁
下合髀厌中,以下循髀阳出膝外廉,下外辅骨之前,直下抵绝骨之端;下出外踝之前,循足
跗上入小趾次趾之间;其支者别跗上入大趾
之间,循大趾岐骨内出其端,还贯爪甲,出三毛。肝足厥阴之脉,起于大趾聚毛之际,上循
足跗上廉,去内踝一寸,上踝八寸,交出太阴之后,上 内廉,循股阴入毛中,过阴器,抵
小腹,挟胃属肝络胆,上贯鬲,布胁肋,循喉咙之后,上入颃颡,连目系,上出额,与督脉
会于巅;其支者从目系下颊里,环唇内;其支者复从肝别贯鬲上注肺。
督脉:此脉发生病变,症状表现为气从小腹向上冲撞至心脏并引起疼痛,大小便不通畅,称为冲疝。女性患者可能出现不孕、小便淋漓不尽、痔疮、遗尿、咽喉干燥、脊柱强直且身体向后反折等症状。治疗督脉的病症应当选取督脉上的穴位。
任脉:发生病变时,男性会出现腹部结聚形成的七种疝气,女性会出现白带过多及腹部肿块(瘕聚)。
阳跷脉:发生病变时,表现为内侧肌肉松弛而外侧肌肉拘急。若阳气与邪气相互搏结,则会导致眼睛湿润或失明;若阳气不能濡养眼部,则眼睛无法闭合。
阴跷脉:发生病变时,表现为外侧肌肉松弛而内侧肌肉拘急。
冲脉:发生病变时,使人出现气逆上冲和腹部拘急疼痛的症状。
阳维脉:如果阳维脉不能维系诸阳经,则患者会感到身体软弱无力,无法自我控制。
阴维脉:如果阴维脉不能维系诸阴经,则患者会感到怅然若失,意志消沉。
带脉:发生病变时,腰部腹部松弛下垂,形状如同装有水的袋子。
手太阴肺经:起始于中焦,向下联络大肠,回绕沿着胃的上口,向上穿过膈肌,属于肺脏。从肺系(气管、喉咙等)横向出于腋下,向下沿上臂内侧前缘,行在手少阴心经和手厥阴心包经之前,下行至肘窝中,沿前臂内侧前缘,进入寸口(桡动脉搏动处),上行至大鱼际,沿鱼际边缘出于大拇指末端;其支脉从腕后列缺穴处直出食指内侧边缘,到达指尖。
手阳明大肠经:起始于食指末端,沿食指上侧边缘,出于合谷穴两骨之间,向上进入两筋(拇长伸肌腱和拇短伸肌腱)之中,沿前臂上侧边缘进入肘部外侧边缘,沿上臂外侧前缘,上肩出于肩峰前缘,向下经过大椎穴(诸阳之会),下入缺盆,联络肺脏,向下穿过膈肌,属于大肠;其支脉从缺盆上行颈部,贯穿面颊,进入下齿中,回出夹口唇交叉于人中穴,左侧经脉向右,右侧经脉向左,上行夹鼻孔。
足阳明胃经:起始于鼻翼旁(迎香穴),交会于鼻根中,旁纳足太阳膀胱经之气,向下沿鼻外侧,进入上齿中,回出夹口环绕嘴唇,向下交会于承浆穴,退后沿下颌后下方出于大迎穴,沿颊车穴上行至耳前,经过客主人穴(上关穴),沿发际到达额颅;其支脉从大迎穴前方下行至人迎穴,沿喉咙进入缺盆,向下穿过膈肌,属于胃,联络脾脏;其直行者,从缺盆下行沿乳内侧,向下夹脐进入气街(腹股沟动脉处);其支脉起于胃上口,向下沿腹腔内下行至气街中与直行脉会合,由此下行经过髀关穴,抵达伏兔穴,下行至膝盖髌骨中,沿小腿外侧前缘下行至足背,进入中趾外侧间隙;其支脉从膝下三寸处分出,下行进入中趾外侧间隙;另一支脉从膝下三寸处分出,下行进入中趾外侧间隙;还有一支脉从足背分出,进入大趾间,出于其末端。(注:原文此处关于支脉描述有重复,按原文翻译)
足太阴脾经:起始于大拇指末端,沿指内侧白肉际,经过核骨(第一跖骨基底)后方,上行至内踝前缘,沿胫骨内侧后缘,交出足厥阴肝经之前,上行至膝大腿内侧前缘,进入腹部属于脾脏,联络胃脏,向上穿过膈肌,夹咽部连于舌根,散布于舌下;其支脉又从胃别出,上行穿过膈肌注入心中。
手少阴心经:起始于心中,出来属于心系(心脏与其他组织联系的脉络),向下穿过膈肌,联络小肠;其支脉从心系上行夹咽部,联系目系(眼球连系脑部的脉络);其直行者又从心系退回上行至肺,向下出于腋下,沿上臂内侧后缘,行在手太阴肺经和手厥阴心包经之后,下行至肘内后缘,沿前臂内后缘,抵掌后豌豆骨端,进入掌内后缘,沿小指内侧出于其末端。
手太阳小肠经:起始于小指末端,沿手外侧上行至腕部,直上沿前臂骨下侧边缘,出于肘内侧两筋之间,沿上臂外侧后缘,出于肩关节,绕行肩胛,交会于肩上,进入缺盆,联络心脏,沿咽部,向下穿过膈肌,抵胃部,属于小肠;其支脉从缺盆沿颈部上行至面颊,至外眼角,却入耳中;其支脉从面颊部分出,上行至眼眶下,抵鼻旁,至内眼角,斜络于颧骨。
足太阳膀胱经:起始于内眼角(睛明穴),上行至额头,交会于头顶;其支脉从头顶至耳上角;其直行者从头顶入络脑部,复出分别下行项后,沿肩膊内侧,挟脊柱抵腰中,进入循脊内,联络肾脏,属于膀胱;其支脉从腰中下行,夹脊柱贯穿臀部,进入腘窝中;其支脉从肩胛内侧左右别行,下行贯穿肩胛,挟脊柱内侧经过髋关节,沿大腿外侧后缘下行,与腘窝中的经脉会合,由此向下贯穿小腿肚,出于外踝后方,沿京骨穴至小趾外侧。
足少阴肾经:起始于小趾之下,斜走足心,出于然谷穴下方,沿内踝后方,别入跟中,以上行于小腿内侧,出于内踝后缘,上行大腿内侧后缘,贯穿脊柱,属于肾脏,联络膀胱;其直行者从肾脏上行,贯穿肝脏和膈肌,进入肺部,沿喉咙夹舌根;其支脉从肺分出,联络心脏,注入胸中。
手厥阴心包络经:起始于胸中,出来属于心包络,向下穿过膈肌,依次联络上、中、下三焦;其支脉沿胸中出于胁下腋下一寸三分处,上行抵腋下,沿上臂内侧,行在手太阴肺经和手少阴心经之间,进入肘中,下行前臂,行于两筋(桡侧腕屈肌腱与掌长肌腱)之间,进入掌中,沿中指指出其末端;其支脉从掌中分出,沿无名指出其末端。
手少阳三焦经:起始于无名指末端,上行出于两指之间,沿手腕背面,出于前臂外侧两骨之间,上行贯穿肘部,沿上臂外侧上肩,而交出足少阳胆经之后,进入缺盆,分布于膻中,散络心包,向下穿过膈肌,依次属于上、中、下三焦;其支脉从膻中上行出于缺盆,上项部,系耳后,直上出于耳上角,以屈曲下颊至面颊;其支脉从耳后入耳中,出走耳前,过客主人穴,前交颊至外眼角。
足少阳胆经:起始于外眼角,上行抵头角,下耳后,沿颈部行于手少阳三焦经之前,至肩部,交出手少阳三焦经之后,进入缺盆;其支脉从耳后入耳中,出走耳前,至外眼角后方;其支脉从外眼角分出,下行至大迎穴,与手少阳三焦经会合,抵于眶下,加颊车穴,下颈部,与缺盆会合,由此下行入胸中,穿过膈肌,联络肝脏,属于胆,沿胁里,出于气街,绕阴毛际,横入髋关节中;其直行者从缺盆下行腋部,沿胸侧,过季胁,下行与髋关节中的经脉会合,由此下行沿大腿外侧,出于膝外侧边缘,下行于腓骨之前,直下抵腓骨下端;下行出于外踝之前,沿足背进入第四趾与第五趾之间;其支脉从足背分出,进入大趾趾缝间,沿大趾岐骨内出于其末端,回转贯穿爪甲,出于丛毛处。
足厥阴肝经:起始于大趾丛毛之际,上行沿足背外侧边缘,距内踝一寸处,上行至内踝八寸处,交出足太阴脾经之后,上行至大腿内侧前缘,沿股阴进入阴毛中,过生殖器,抵小腹,夹胃,属于肝脏,联络胆腑,向上穿过膈肌,布散于胁肋,沿喉咙之后,上行入颃颡(鼻咽部),连接目系,上行出于额头,与督脉会于头顶;其支脉从目系下行至面颊内部,环绕嘴唇内侧;其支脉又从肝脏别出,贯穿膈肌,上行注入肺中。
Du Meridian: Pathology of this meridian manifests as Qi rushing upward from the lower abdomen to the heart causing pain, accompanied by obstruction of urination and defecation, known as Chong Hernia (Chong Shan). In women, it may cause infertility, strangury (Long), hemorrhoids, urinary incontinence, dryness of the pharynx, stiffness of the spine, and opisthotonos. Diseases of the Du Meridian should be treated by selecting points on the Du Meridian.
Ren Meridian: Pathology manifests as seven types of hernias with internal nodules in men, and leukorrhea with abdominal masses (Zha Ju) in women.
Yang Qiao Meridian: Pathology manifests as flaccidity of the Yin side and spasticity of the Yang side. If Qi merges and returns, it causes damp eyes or blindness; if Qi fails to nourish, the eyes cannot close.
Yin Qiao Meridian: Pathology manifests as spasticity of the Yin side and flaccidity of the Yang side.
Chong Meridian: Pathology causes reverse Qi flow and abdominal urgency/pain.
Yang Wei Meridian: If it fails to maintain the Yang meridians, the patient feels weak and unable to control their body.
Yin Wei Meridian: If it fails to maintain the Yin meridians, the patient feels lost and depressed.
Dai Meridian: Pathology causes the waist and abdomen to hang loosely, resembling a bag filled with water.
The Yellow Emperor said: The meridians are essential for determining life and death and managing all diseases; they must not be ununderstood.
Hand Taiyin Lung Meridian: Originates in the Middle Jiao, descends to connect with the Large Intestine, circles back along the upper opening of the stomach, ascends through the diaphragm, and belongs to the Lung. From the lung system (trachea/throat), it emerges horizontally below the axilla, descends along the anterior aspect of the medial upper arm, running anterior to the Hand Shaoyin Heart and Hand Jueyin Pericardium meridians, descends into the cubital fossa, follows the medial aspect of the forearm, enters the Cun Kou (radial pulse), ascends to the thenar eminence, follows the radial border of the thenar eminence, and exits at the tip of the thumb. Its branch arises from the wrist, goes straight out along the medial border of the index finger, and reaches its tip.
Hand Yangming Large Intestine Meridian: Originates at the tip of the index finger, follows the radial border of the finger, emerges between the two bones at Hegu, ascends into the space between the two tendons, follows the radial border of the forearm, enters the lateral aspect of the elbow, follows the anterior-lateral border of the upper arm, ascends the shoulder emerging anterior to the acromion, descends to the intersection of the vertebral column (Da Zhui), enters the Supraclavicular Fossa (Que Pen), connects with the Lung, descends through the diaphragm, and belongs to the Large Intestine. Its branch ascends from the Supraclavicular Fossa along the neck, penetrates the cheek, enters the lower teeth, returns to cross the mouth at Renzhong, crossing left to right and right to left, ascending to flank the nostrils.
Foot Yangming Stomach Meridian: Originates at the side of the nose, intersecting at the root of the nose, receiving Qi from the Foot Taiyang Bladder meridian, descends along the lateral nose, enters the upper teeth, returns to circle the lips, descends to Chengjiang, retreats along the posterior mandible to Daying, follows Jiache to the front of the ear, passes Guanzhu (Kerenzhuren), follows the hairline to the forehead. Its branch descends from anterior to Daying to Renying, follows the throat to the Supraclavicular Fossa, descends through the diaphragm, belongs to the Stomach, and connects with the Spleen. Its main trunk descends from the Supraclavicular Fossa along the medial breast, descends clamping the umbilicus into the Qi Street (inguinal region). Another branch originates from the upper opening of the stomach, descends within the abdomen to meet the main trunk at the Qi Street, then descends through Biguan, reaches Futu, descends to the patella, follows the lateral aspect of the leg to the dorsum of the foot, entering the gap between the toes of the middle toe. Branches also arise from below the knee and enter the toe gaps. Another branch arises from the dorsum of the foot, enters the big toe gap, and exits at its tip.
Foot Taiyin Spleen Meridian: Originates at the tip of the big toe, follows the medial white flesh margin, passes posterior to the nuclear bone (first metatarsal base), ascends anterior to the medial malleolus, follows the posterior aspect of the tibia, crosses anterior to the Foot Jueyin Liver meridian, ascends the anterior-medial aspect of the knee and thigh, enters the abdomen, belongs to the Spleen, and connects with the Stomach. It ascends through the diaphragm, flanks the pharynx, connects to the root of the tongue, and scatters under the tongue. Its branch separates from the Stomach, ascends through the diaphragm, and pours into the Heart.
Hand Shaoyin Heart Meridian: Originates in the Heart, emerges to belong to the Heart System, descends through the diaphragm, and connects with the Small Intestine. Its branch ascends from the Heart System, flanks the pharynx, and connects to the Eye System. Its main trunk returns from the Heart System, ascends to the Lung, emerges below the axilla, follows the posterior-medial aspect of the upper arm, running posterior to the Hand Taiyin Lung and Hand Jueyin Pericardium meridians, descends to the medial elbow, follows the posterior-medial forearm, reaches the end of the pisiform bone, enters the posterior-medial palm, and exits at the tip of the little finger.
Hand Taiyang Small Intestine Meridian: Originates at the tip of the little finger, follows the lateral hand, ascends to the ankle, goes straight up along the ulnar border of the forearm, emerges between the two tendons at the medial elbow, follows the posterior-lateral border of the upper arm, emerges from the shoulder joint, winds around the scapula, intersects at the shoulder, enters the Supraclavicular Fossa, connects with the Heart, follows the pharynx, descends through the diaphragm, reaches the Stomach, and belongs to the Small Intestine. Its branch ascends from the Supraclavicular Fossa along the neck to the cheek, to the outer canthus, enters the ear. Another branch separates from the cheek, ascends to the infraorbital region, reaches the nose, to the inner canthus, and obliquely connects to the zygomatic bone.
Foot Taiyang Bladder Meridian: Originates at the inner canthus, ascends to the forehead, intersects at the vertex. Its branch goes from the vertex to the supra-auricular angle. Its main trunk enters from the vertex to connect with the Brain, emerges separately to descend the nape, follows the shoulder blades, runs inside the paraspinal muscles to the waist, enters the lumbar region, connects with the Kidney, and belongs to the Bladder. Its branch descends from the waist, flanks the spine, penetrates the buttocks, and enters the popliteal fossa. Another branch separates from the inner shoulder, descends through the scapula, flanks the spine, passes the hip pivot, follows the lateral-posterior thigh, converges in the popliteal fossa, descends through the calf, emerges posterior to the lateral malleolus, follows Jinggu to the lateral side of the little toe.
Foot Shaoyin Kidney Meridian: Originates below the little toe,斜 walks to the sole of the foot, emerges below RanGu, follows posterior to the medial malleolus, separates to enter the heel, ascends along the medial calf, emerges at the medial malleolar prominence, ascends the posterior-medial thigh, penetrates the spine, belongs to the Kidney, and connects with the Bladder. Its main trunk ascends from the Kidney, penetrates the Liver and Diaphragm, enters the Lung, follows the pharynx flanking the root of the tongue. Its branch emerges from the Lung, connects with the Heart, and pours into the Chest.
Hand Jueyin Pericardium Meridian: Originates in the Chest, emerges to belong to the Pericardium, descends through the diaphragm, sequentially connecting the Triple Burner. Its branch follows the chest, emerges 3 cun below the axilla, ascends to the axilla, follows the medial upper arm, running between the Hand Taiyin Lung and Hand Shaoyin Heart meridians, enters the elbow, descends the forearm between the two tendons, enters the palm, follows the middle finger to its tip. Its branch separates from the palm, follows the ring finger to its tip.
Hand Shaoyang Triple Burner Meridian: Originates at the tip of the ring finger, ascends between the fingers, follows the dorsal wrist, emerges between the two bones of the forearm, ascends through the elbow, follows the lateral upper arm, ascends the shoulder, and crosses posterior to the Foot Shaoyang Gallbladder meridian, entering the Supraclavicular Fossa, distributing in the Shanzhong (Chest Center), scattering to connect with the Pericardium, descending through the diaphragm, belonging to the Triple Burner. Its branch ascends from the Shanzhong to the Supraclavicular Fossa, up the neck, behind the ear, straight up to the supra-auricular angle, curving down to the cheek. Another branch enters the ear from behind, exits anterior to the ear, passes Guanzhu, crosses the cheek to the outer canthus.
Foot Shaoyang Gallbladder Meridian: Originates at the outer canthus, ascends to the temporal angle, descends behind the ear, follows the neck anterior to the Hand Shaoyang Triple Burner meridian, reaches the shoulder, crosses posterior to the Hand Shaoyang meridian, enters the Supraclavicular Fossa. Its branch enters the ear from behind, exits anterior to the ear, to the posterior outer canthus. Another branch separates from the outer canthus, descends to Daying, merges with the Hand Shaoyang meridian, reaches the infraorbital region, adds Jiache, descends the neck, merges with the Supraclavicular Fossa, descends into the chest, pierces the diaphragm, connects with the Liver, belongs to the Gallbladder, follows the hypochondrium, emerges at the Qi Street, surrounds the pubic hair region, transversely enters the hip joint. Its main trunk descends from the Supraclavicular Fossa to the axilla, follows the chest, passes the costal margin, merges with the hip joint, descends along the lateral thigh, emerges at the lateral knee, descends anterior to the fibula, reaches the end of the fibula, emerges anterior to the lateral malleolus, follows the dorsum of the foot, enters between the fourth and fifth toes. Its branch separates from the dorsum, enters the big toe gap, follows the interosseous bone of the big toe to its tip, returns to penetrate the nail bed, and emerges at the hair tuft.
Foot Jueyin Liver Meridian: Originates at the hair tuft of the big toe, ascends along the lateral dorsum of the foot, 1 cun from the medial malleolus, ascends 8 cun above the malleolus, crosses posterior to the Foot Taiyin Spleen meridian, ascends the medial thigh, follows the genital region into the pubic area, passes the external genitalia, reaches the lower abdomen, flanks the Stomach, belongs to the Liver, and connects with the Gallbladder. It ascends through the diaphragm, distributes in the hypochondrium, follows the posterior pharynx, ascends to the nasopharynx (Hangsang), connects to the Eye System, emerges at the forehead, and meets the Du Meridian at the vertex. Its branch descends from the Eye System to the inner cheek, circles the inner lips. Another branch separates from the Liver, pierces the diaphragm, ascends, and pours into the Lung.