治病大法冬宜温及灸(仲景)○凡病药之不及针之不到必须灸之(入门)○灵枢曰陷下则灸
之东
垣云陷下者皮毛不任风寒知阳气下陷也○又曰陷下则徒灸之徒灸谓不针只灸也(纲目)经云陷
下则灸之者天地间无他惟阴与阳二气而已阳在外在上阴在内在下今言陷下者阳气下陷入阴血
之中是阴反居其上而覆其阳脉证俱见寒在外者则灸之内经云北方之人宜灸 为冬寒太旺伏阳
在内皆宜灸之(东垣)○虚者灸之使火气以助元阳也实者灸之使实邪随火气而发散也寒者灸之
使其气之复温也热者灸之引郁热之气外发火就燥之义也(入门)○头面诸阳之会胸膈二火之地
不宜多灸背腹虽云多灸阴虚有火者不宜惟四肢穴最妙(入门)○凡灸当先阳后阴言从头向左
而渐下次后从头向右而渐下乃先上后下也(千金)先灸于上后灸于下先灸于少后灸于多(明堂)
○灸则先阳后阴先上后下先少后多(入门)
着艾一炷如人丁壮之力故谓之壮○凡头顶止于七壮至七七壮而止○鸠尾巨阙虽是胸腹穴
灸不
过四七壮若灸多令人永无心力如头上穴若灸多令人失精神臂脚穴若灸多令人血脉枯竭四肢细
而无力既失精神又加细瘦即令人短寿(资生)○四肢但去风邪不宜多灸七壮至七七壮止不得过
随年数(资生)○凡小儿七日以上周年以下不过七壮炷如雀屎(资生)
治疗疾病的大法，冬季适宜采用温补及艾灸的方法（出自张仲景）。○凡是药物无法奏效、针刺难以达到的病证，必须使用艾灸（出自《医学入门》）。○《灵枢》说：脉象下陷的，应当施以艾灸。东垣先生解释说：脉象下陷，是因为皮毛不能抵御风寒，这是阳气下陷的表现。○又说：脉象下陷的，只宜艾灸而不宜针刺。“徒灸”指的是不针刺，只进行艾灸（出自《针灸资生经》引《纲目》）。经文说“脉象下陷则施以艾灸”，天地间无非阴气与阳气二气而已。阳气在外、在上，阴气在内、在下。现在所说的“下陷”，是指阳气下陷进入阴血之中，导致阴气反而居于上方而覆盖阳气。如果脉证都表现出寒邪在外的症状，就应当施以艾灸。《内经》说北方人适宜艾灸，这是因为冬季寒气太盛，阳气伏藏于内，皆适宜用艾灸（出自李东垣）。○虚证患者施以艾灸，是利用火气来辅助元阳；实证患者施以艾灸，是使实邪随着火气而发散；寒证患者施以艾灸，是使其气血恢复温暖；热证患者施以艾灸，是引导郁结的热气向外发散，这符合“火就燥”的道理（出自《医学入门》）。○头面部是诸阳经会合之处，胸膈部位是火热之地，不宜多灸；背部和腹部虽然可以说可以多灸，但阴虚有火者也不宜灸；只有四肢穴位最为妙用（出自《医学入门》）。○凡是艾灸，应当先灸阳经后灸阴经，意思是先从头部向左然后逐渐向下，接着再从头部向右然后逐渐向下，这就是先上后下的原则（出自《千金方》）。先灸上部后灸下部，先灸少处后灸多处（出自《明堂》）。○艾灸的原则是先阳后阴，先上后下，先少后多（出自《医学入门》）。
所谓“壮”，是指点燃一炷艾绒，其效力相当于一个成年男子的体力，所以称为“壮”。○凡是头顶部的穴位，最多七壮，直到七七四十九壮为止。○鸠尾穴和巨阙穴虽然是胸腹部的穴位，艾灸不超过四七二十八壮。如果灸多了，会使人永远失去心力；如果头部穴位灸多了，会使人丧失精神；如果手臂和腿脚的穴位灸多了，会使人血脉枯竭，四肢细小且无力。既然丧失了精神，又加上身体细瘦，就会使人短命（出自《针灸资生经》）。○四肢穴位只要祛除风邪即可，不宜多灸，七壮到七七四十九壮为止，不能超过随年龄增长的壮数（出自《针灸资生经》）。○凡是七岁以上的婴儿至一周岁的幼儿，艾灸不超过七壮，艾炷大小如麻雀屎一样（出自《针灸资生经》）。
The general principle for treating diseases in winter is to use warming methods and moxibustion (Zhang Zhongjing). ○ For any disease where herbal medicine is ineffective and acupuncture cannot reach, moxibustion must be employed (Medical Entry). ○ The *Ling Shu* states: "If the pulse sinks, apply moxibustion." Dong Yuan explained: "A sinking pulse indicates that the skin and hair cannot withstand wind and cold, signifying a sinking of Yang Qi." ○ It also states: "If the pulse sinks, employ only moxibustion and no acupuncture." "Only moxibustion" refers to not using needles, but solely applying moxibustion (Compendium). The classic text says "If the pulse sinks, apply moxibustion." In the world between heaven and earth, there are only two qi: Yin and Yang. Yang is external and superior; Yin is internal and inferior. What is meant by "sinking" here is that Yang Qi sinks into the Yin blood, causing Yin to occupy the upper position and cover Yang. If the pulse and symptoms both manifest cold on the exterior, then moxibustion should be applied. The *Nei Jing* states that people in the north are suitable for moxibustion because winter cold is too vigorous, with latent Yang inside; all such cases are suitable for moxibustion (Dong Yuan). ○ For deficiency patterns, moxibustion is used to assist Yuan Yang with the fire qi; for excess patterns, moxibustion is used to disperse excess pathogens along with the fire qi; for cold patterns, moxibustion is used to restore warmth to the qi; for heat patterns, moxibustion is used to guide stagnant heat outward, following the principle that "fire follows dryness" (Medical Entry). ○ The head and face are the confluence of all Yang meridians, and the chest and diaphragm are areas of fire; these should not be heavily moxaed. Although the back and abdomen can generally be heavily moxaed, those with Yin deficiency and fire should not be. Only the acupoints on the four limbs are most excellent (Medical Entry). ○ Generally, when performing moxibustion, one should first treat Yang meridities and then Yin meridities. This means starting from the head, moving leftward and gradually downward, then starting from the head again, moving rightward and gradually downward. This is the principle of treating the upper part before the lower part (Thousand Gold Formulas). Treat the upper part before the lower part, treat fewer points before more points (Ming Tang). ○ The principles of moxibustion are: first Yang then Yin, first upper then lower, first few then many (Medical Entry).
One "zhuang" (moxa cone) refers to the strength equivalent to that of an adult man, hence it is called "zhuang." ○ For acupoints on the top of the head, limit to seven zhuang, up to forty-nine zhuang at most. ○ Although Jiugwei (CV15) and Jueque (CV14) are acupoints on the chest and abdomen, do not exceed twenty-eight zhuang. If moxaed excessively, it will cause permanent loss of heart power; if head acupoints are moxaed excessively, it will cause loss of spirit; if arm and leg acupoints are moxaed excessively, it will cause depletion of blood vessels, resulting in thin and weak limbs. Losing spirit and becoming emaciated will lead to a short lifespan (Acupuncture and Moxibustion Aiding Life). ○ For four-limb acupoints, merely dispel wind pathogens; do not moxa excessively. Limit to seven zhuang up to forty-nine zhuang, and do not exceed the number corresponding to the patient's age (Acupuncture and Moxibustion Aiding Life). ○ For infants aged seven days to one year, do not exceed seven zhuang, with moxa cones sized like bird droppings (Acupuncture and Moxibustion Aiding Life).