味甘辛，性平无毒，入肺脾肾三经。主安五脏，定惊悸，补中气，除风湿，兴阳道，暖
腰膝，去头风，辟百邪，润皮肤，明耳目。侧柏叶，味苦涩，性微寒。止吐衄崩痢，除风冷
湿痹，乌须黑发，灸 冻疮，久服延年。牡蛎、桂、瓜子为使。畏菊花、羊蹄草、诸石及面
曲。
按∶柏子仁辛归肺，甘归脾，浊阴归肾，故均入之。柏叶之苦涩，属金而善守，最清血
分，为补阴要药。须用嫩叶，春采东，夏采南，秋采西，冬采北，才得节候生气。
雷公云∶凡使先以酒浸一宿，至明，漉晒干，用黄精自然汁，日中煎，手不住搅，若夫
天阴，即于当中着火，用瓶器盛柏子仁，着火，缓缓煮，成膏为度，每煎三两柏子仁，用酒
五两浸。干为度。
味辛甘，性大热有毒，其在下最浓者，曰肉桂。去其粗皮，为桂心，入心脾肺肾四经。
主九种心疼，补劳伤，通九窍，暖水脏，续筋骨，杀三虫。散积气，破瘀血，下胎衣，除咳
逆，疗腹痛，止泻痢，善发汗。其在中次浓者，曰官桂，入肝脾二经。主上焦有寒，走肩臂
而行枝节。其在嫩枝四发者，曰桂枝，专入肺经，主解肌发表，理有汗之伤寒。四者皆杀草
木毒，百药无畏，性忌生葱。
按∶桂在下，有入肾之理，属火，有入心之义。而辛散之性，与肺部相投。甘温之性，
与脾家相悦，故均入焉。官桂在中，而肝脾皆在中之脏也。且经曰∶肝欲散，急食辛以散之，
以辛补之。又曰∶脾欲缓，急食甘以缓之，以甘补之。桂味辛甘，二经之所由入也。薄桂在
上，而肺胃亦居上，故宜入之。桂枝四发，有发散之义，且气味俱轻，宜入太阴而主表。丹
溪曰∶仲景救表用桂枝，非表有虚而用以补也，卫有风寒，故病自汗，以此发其邪，则卫和
而表密，汗自止尔。《衍义》乃谓仲景治表虚，误也！本草言桂发汗，正合《素问》辛甘发
散
之义。后人用桂止汗，失经旨矣。大抵桂为阳中之阳，壮年火旺者忌食，惟命门火衰不能生
土，纳谷不化，及产后虚弱者，宜之。细考桂有数种，论之者无虑数十家，或言种异，或言
地殊，各不相侔，咸无所据，询之交广商人所贩，惟陈藏器所谓虽分数等，同是一物，此说
最当。别说亦称之矣，今采其意以详别如上。
雷公云∶凡使去薄者，要紫色浓者。去上粗皮，取心中味辛者用，每斤大浓紫桂，只取
得五两，取有味浓处生用。如未用，即用重裹熟绢，并纸裹，勿令犯风。其州上只有桂草，
无桂心，用桂草煮丹阳木皮，遂成桂心，凡使即单捣用。
柏子仁：味甘、辛，性平，无毒，归肺、脾、肾三经。主要功效为安五脏，定惊悸，补中气，除风湿，兴阳道，暖腰膝，去头风，辟百邪，润皮肤，明耳目。侧柏叶：味苦、涩，性微寒。用于止吐血、衄血、崩漏、痢疾，除风冷湿痹，乌须黑发，灸治冻疮，久服可延年益寿。配伍方面，牡蛎、桂、瓜子可作为引导药（使药）。禁忌方面，畏菊花、羊蹄草、各类矿石及面曲。
按语：柏子仁辛味入肺，甘味入脾，浊阴之性入肾，故能同时归于这三经。柏叶的苦涩之性，属金而善于守固，最擅长清泄血分，是补阴的重要药物。使用时需用嫩叶，春季采自东方，夏季采自南方，秋季采自西方，冬季采自北方，这样才能顺应节候的生气。
雷公云：凡是使用柏子仁，先以酒浸泡一夜，至天明，滤出晒干，用黄精的自然汁液，在日中煎煮，手不停搅拌；如果遇阴天，就在中间点火，用瓶器盛放柏子仁，点火缓缓煮，直至成膏状为度。每煎三两柏子仁，用五两酒浸泡。以干燥为度。
肉桂：味辛、甘，性大热，有毒。其中位于树干下部、质地最浓厚的，称为肉桂。去掉粗皮后，称为桂心，归心、脾、肺、肾四经。主要功效为治疗九种心痛，补劳伤，通九窍，暖水脏（肾），续筋骨，杀三虫（寄生虫）。能散积气，破瘀血，下胎衣，除咳逆，疗腹痛，止泻痢，善于发汗。其中位于中部、浓度次之的，称为官桂，归肝、脾二经。主要功效为上焦有寒时，走肩臂而行于枝节。其中嫩枝四发的，称为桂枝，专入肺经，主要功效为解肌发表，调理有汗的伤寒证。这四种桂都能杀灭草木毒，百药不畏，但性质忌与生葱同用。
按语：桂在下部，有入肾的道理，属火，有入心的意义。而其辛散之性，与肺部相投合。甘温之性，与脾家相悦纳，故均能入这些脏腑。官桂在中部，而肝和脾都是位于中部的脏腑。且《内经》说：肝欲散，急食辛以散之，以辛补之。又说：脾欲缓，急食甘以缓之，以甘补之。桂味辛甘，这就是它进入这两经的原因。薄桂在上部，而肺和胃也居上部，故适宜入之。桂枝四发，有发散的意义，且气味都轻，适宜入太阴经而主治表证。丹溪说：仲景救表用桂枝，并非表虚而用以补益，而是卫气有风寒，所以病见自汗，以此发散其邪，则卫气和而表密，汗自然停止罢了。《衍义》却说仲景治表虚，这是错误的！本草言桂发汗，正符合《素问》辛甘发散的意义。后人用桂止汗，违背了经典旨意。大抵桂为阳中之阳，壮年火旺者忌食，只有命门火衰不能生土，纳谷不化，以及产后虚弱者，适宜使用。仔细考证桂有数种，论述的人无虑数十家，有的说种植不同，有的说产地殊异，各不相符，都无所依据，询问交广商人所贩卖的，只有陈藏器所说的虽然分数等，同是一物，这种说法最恰当。别说也称述了这个观点，现在采纳其意以详细辨别如上。
雷公云：凡是使用，去掉薄的，要紫色浓厚的。去掉上部的粗皮，取心中味辛的部分使用，每斤大浓紫桂，只取得五两，取有味浓处生用。如果未用，就用重裹熟绢，并纸裹，勿令犯风。其州上只有桂草，无桂心，用桂草煮丹阳木皮，遂成桂心，凡是使用即单捣用。
Bai Zi Ren (Biota Seed): Sweet and pungent in flavor, neutral in nature, non-toxic. Enters the Lung, Spleen, and Kidney meridians. Its main functions are to calm the five Zang organs, stabilize palpitations and fright, tonify middle Qi, dispel wind-dampness, stimulate sexual function, warm the waist and knees, eliminate cephalic wind, ward off various evils, moisten the skin, and clarify the ears and eyes. Ce Bai Ye (Biota Twig): Bitter and astringent in flavor, slightly cold in nature. Used to stop hematemesis, epistaxis, metrorrhagia, and dysentery; dispel wind-cold-damp bi syndrome; blacken beard and hair; treat frostbite by moxibustion; and prolong life with long-term use. Mu Li (Oyster Shell), Gui (Cinnamon Bark), and Gua Zi (Melon Seed) serve as Shi Yao (Guiding Herbs). Contraindicated with Ju Hua (Chrysanthemum Flower), Yang Ti Cao (Rumex Patientiae Herb), various minerals, and Mian Qu (Medicated Leaven).
Commentary: Bai Zi Ren's pungency enters the Lung, its sweetness enters the Spleen, and its turbid yin nature enters the Kidney; thus, it enters all three meridians. The bitterness and astringency of Biota leaves belong to Metal and are good at consolidating; they excel at clearing the Blood level and are essential herbs for nourishing Yin. Tender leaves should be used, harvested from the East in Spring, South in Summer, West in Autumn, and North in Winter, to obtain the vital energy of the seasonal phases.
Lei Gong stated: When preparing, first soak in wine overnight. By dawn, drain and sun-dry. Then decoct with the natural juice of Huang Jing (Polygonatum Rhizome) under the midday sun, stirring constantly without stopping. If the weather is cloudy, place fire in the center. Place Bai Zi Ren in a bottle or vessel, apply fire, and simmer slowly until it becomes a paste. For every 3 liang of Bai Zi Ren, use 5 liang of wine for soaking. Dry to the desired consistency.
Rou Gui (Cinnamon Bark): Pungent and sweet in flavor, very hot in nature, toxic. The thickest part located at the base of the trunk is called Rou Gui. After removing the rough bark, it is called Gui Xin (Cinnamon Heart), entering the Heart, Spleen, Lung, and Kidney meridians. It treats nine types of heart pain, tonifies labor injuries, opens the nine orifices, warms the Water Organ (Kidney), reconnects sinews and bones, kills three types of parasites, dissipates accumulated Qi, breaks blood stasis, expels the placenta, relieves cough and reverse flow, treats abdominal pain, stops diarrhea and dysentery, and induces sweating. The part of medium thickness is called Guan Gui (Official Cinnamon), entering the Liver and Spleen meridians. It treats cold in the Upper Jiao, moving through the shoulders and arms to the extremities. The tender branches with four sprouts are called Gui Zhi (Cinnamon Twig), specifically entering the Lung meridian. It releases the muscle layer and expels the exterior, regulating Taiyang Shang Han (Cold Damage Syndrome with sweating). All four types kill plant and tree toxins and are fearless against other drugs, but their nature is incompatible with raw Cong (Scallion).
Commentary: Gui located lower down has the principle of entering the Kidney, belonging to Fire, carrying the meaning of entering the Heart. Its pungent and dispersing nature harmonizes with the Lung. Its sweet and warm nature pleases the Spleen; thus, it enters these organs. Guan Gui is located in the middle, where the Liver and Spleen reside. As the Classics state: "The Liver desires dispersion; urgently eat pungent substances to disperse them, using pungency to tonify." Also: "The Spleen desires relaxation; urgently eat sweet substances to relax them, using sweetness to tonify." Since Gui is pungent and sweet, this explains its entry into these two meridians. Bo Gui (Thin Cinnamon) is located upper, where the Lung and Stomach reside, so it is suitable for entry. Gui Zhi with four sprouts implies dispersion, and since its aroma and flavor are light, it suits the Taiyin meridian and governs the exterior. Danxi said: Zhongjing used Gui Zhi to rescue the exterior not because the exterior was deficient and needed tonification, but because Wei Qi had Wind-Cold, causing spontaneous sweating. By using it to disperse the pathogen, the Wei Qi harmonizes and the exterior tightens, stopping sweat naturally. Yan Yi claimed Zhongjing treated exterior deficiency, which is an error! Materia Medica states Gui induces sweating, which aligns with the Su Wen's principle of pungent and sweet substances dispersing outward. Later practitioners used Gui to stop sweating, deviating from the classic intent. Generally, Gui is Yang within Yang; those in their prime with vigorous Fire should avoid it. It is suitable only for those with declining Mingmen Fire unable to generate Earth, leading to indigestion, and for postpartum weakness. Careful examination shows several types of Gui, discussed by dozens of authors, citing different planting methods or origins, none substantiated. Inquiring with merchants from Jiaozhou and Guangzhou, only Chen Cangqi's view that despite grades, they are the same substance is most accurate. Bie Chan also endorsed this. Now adopting this view for detailed distinction as above.
Lei Gong stated: When preparing, discard thin pieces; select thick, purple ones. Remove the outer rough bark and take the pungent center for use. From every jin of thick, deep-purple Gui, only 5 liang can be obtained. Use the flavorful, thick parts raw. If not used immediately, wrap tightly in cooked silk and paper to prevent exposure to wind. In certain regions, only Gui Cao (Cinnamon Grass) exists, without Gui Xin. Gui Cao is boiled with Dan Yang Mu Pi (Dan Yang Tree Bark) to form Gui Xin. When used, it is simply pounded alone.