（说文云饱食息也俗作嗳因胃弱而不和虚气上逆也）
汗解后。心下痞硬。干噫食臭。肋下有水气。腹中雷鸣下利。（生姜泻心汤）汗吐下后。
心下痞满。噫气。不下利者。（旋复代赭石汤）虚而噫气。脉弱。神困。（四君子汤加枳桔姜）
（古称哕者即今所谓呃逆也东垣以哕为干呕者非也多因胃寒亦有胃热不可不辨病患
烦
败矣可不谨乎）
吐下后。虚极得哕。胃中寒也。（理中汤加丁香半夏）阳明脉弦浮大。鼻干。发黄。小便
难潮
橘皮竹茹汤主之）因痰而哕。（半夏生姜汤）病患自觉热。他人扪其肌则冷。（附子理中汤冷服
兼以硫黄乳香散 之并灸期门中脘气海关元）有瘀血而哕者。难治。
（衄者鼻中出血也肺开窍于鼻血得热则随火上逆故杂症以衄为里热也经曰伤寒失
汗致衄与黄麻汤六七日不大便头痛有热与小承气汤小便清者知不在里仍在表也当发其汗邪解则血
不拥盛而迫上故伤寒衄为表热也古人以血为红汗故曰夺血者毋汗此为衄过多或
脉微者言也。成流者不须服药当与水解点滴者邪犹在经当散其邪。经曰少阴病但厥无汗
而强发之必动
其血或从口鼻或从目出名下厥上竭死症也但头汗而身无汗亦衄症之逆）
太阳脉浮紧。不发汗。致衄者。（麻黄汤）阳明口干。鼻燥。脉浮紧。必衄。（黄芩汤）阳
明漱水不欲咽。（黄芩芍药汤）衄家脉微。（犀角地黄汤）衄多不止。（茅花汤加黄芩黄连墨汁）衄忌
寒药。凉水过多。必成蓄血结胸。（犀角地黄汤重则桃仁承气汤）
（《说文解字》记载：饱食后发出的声音称为“噫”，俗写作“嗳”。这是因为胃气虚弱导致不和，虚气上逆所致。）
发汗解表之后，出现心下部位痞塞胀硬，干呕伴有食物腐臭气味，胁下有停饮之水气，肠中雷鸣作响并伴有腹泻。（适用生姜泻心汤）
经过发汗、催吐或攻下治疗后，出现心下痞满感，伴有打嗝，但没有腹泻症状的。（适用旋复代赭石汤）
体质虚弱而打嗝，脉象微弱，精神疲乏困倦的。（适用四君子汤加枳壳、桔梗、生姜）
（古代所称的“哕”，就是现在所说的呃逆。李东垣将“哕”解释为干呕，这是不正确的。呃逆多因胃寒引起，也有因胃热引起的，不可不加以辨别。患者如果烦躁不安，病情就会败坏恶化，治疗时怎能不谨慎呢？）
呕吐或攻下之后，身体极度虚弱而出现呃逆，这是胃中寒冷的表现。（适用理中汤加丁香、半夏）
阳明病脉象弦、浮、大，鼻干，身发黄，小便困难，潮热，呃逆。（适用橘皮竹茹汤）
因痰饮阻滞而引发呃逆的。（适用半夏生姜汤）
患者自觉身体发热，但他人触摸其肌肤却感觉寒冷。（适用附子理中汤冷服，兼用硫黄乳香散，并艾灸期门穴、中脘穴、气海穴、关元穴）
体内有瘀血而导致呃逆的，难以治愈。
（“衄”是指鼻出血。肺开窍于鼻，血液受热则随火气上逆，因此杂病中将衄血视为里热的表现。经典论述说：伤寒失于发汗导致衄血；或者六七天不大便，头痛且有发热，给予小承气汤；若小便清长，说明病邪不在里而在表，应当发汗。邪气解除，则血液不再壅盛迫逆上行，所以伤寒中的衄血属于表热。古人将血称为“红汗”，所以说“夺血者无汗”，这是针对衄血过多或者脉象微弱的情况而言的。如果是点滴状的衄血，不需要服药，只需饮水即可缓解；如果是连续不断的衄血，说明邪气仍在经络，应当疏散邪气。经典论述说：少阴病只见四肢厥冷而无汗，如果强行发汗，必定扰动血液，血液可能从口鼻或眼睛流出，这被称为“下厥上竭”，是死症。只有头部出汗而身体无汗，也是衄血证中的一种逆证。）
经常衄血的人脉象微弱。（适用犀角地黄汤）
(Saying in *Shuowen Jiezi*: "Yi" refers to the sound emitted after a full meal, commonly written as "Ai". It is caused by stomach weakness leading to disharmony and the counterflow of deficient qi.)
After sweating resolves the exterior syndrome, there is epigastric fullness and hardness, dry belching with the smell of undigested food, fluid retention under the ribs, borborygmus in the abdomen, and diarrhea. (Apply Shengjiang Xiexin Tang [Ginger Harmonizing the Middle Decoction])
After emesis, purgation, or sweating, there is epigastric fullness and stuffiness, belching, but no diarrhea. (Apply Xuanfu Daizhe Shi Tang [Inula and Hematite Decoction])
For deficiency with belching, weak pulse, and mental fatigue. (Apply Sijunzi Tang [Four Gentlemen Decoction] plus Zhike [Aurantii Fructus], Jiegeng [Platycodonis Radix], and Shengjiang [Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens])
(The ancient term "Yue" refers to what is now called hiccup. Li Dongyuan's interpretation of "Yue" as dry heaving is incorrect. Hiccups are mostly due to stomach cold, but can also be due to stomach heat; they must be distinguished. If the patient is irritable, the condition will deteriorate; how can one not be cautious?)
After vomiting or purgation, extreme deficiency leads to hiccups, indicating cold in the stomach. (Apply Lizhong Tang [Regulate the Middle Decoction] plus Dingxiang [Caryophylli Flos] and Banxia [Pinelliae Rhizoma])
Yangming disease with wiry, floating, and large pulses, dry nose, jaundice, difficult urination, tidal fever, and hiccups. (Apply JuPi Zhuyu Tang [Tangerine Peel and Bamboo Shavings Decoction])
Hiccups caused by phlegm-fluid retention. (Apply Banxia Shengjiang Tang [Pinellia and Ginger Decoction])
The patient feels hot internally, but upon palpation, the skin feels cold to others. (Apply Fuzi Lizhong Tang [Aconite Regulate the Middle Decoction] taken cold, combined with Liuhuang Ruxiang San [Sulfur and Frankincense Powder], and moxibustion applied to Qimen [LR14], Zhongwan [CV12], Qihai [CV6], and Guanyuan [CV4])
Hiccups caused by blood stasis are difficult to treat.
("Nu" refers to epistaxis. The Lung opens into the nose; when blood is heated, it follows fire and counterflows upward. Therefore, in miscellaneous diseases, epistaxis is considered a sign of interior heat. The Classics state: Failure to induce sweating in Shanghan leads to epistaxis; or if there is no bowel movement for six or seven days, headache, and fever, apply Xiao Chengqi Tang [Minor Order the Qi Decoction]; if urine is clear, it indicates the pathogen is not in the interior but still in the exterior, so sweating should be induced. When the pathogen is resolved, blood no longer surges and forces its way upward, thus epistaxis in Shanghan is considered exterior heat. Ancients referred to blood as "red sweat," hence saying "Those who have lost blood should not be sweated." This statement applies to cases of excessive epistaxis or weak pulse. If epistaxis is merely dripping, medication is unnecessary; hydration suffices. If epistaxis is continuous, the pathogen remains in the meridians and should be dispersed. The Classics state: In Shaoyin disease, if there is only cold extremities without sweat, forcing sweating will surely disturb the blood, causing bleeding from the mouth, nose, or eyes. This is named "Lower Jue and Upper Exhaustion," a fatal syndrome. Only head sweating without body sweating is also an adverse sign of epistaxis.)
Taiyang disease with floating and tight pulses, where failure to induce sweating leads to epistaxis. (Apply Mahuang Tang [Ephedra Decoction])
Yangming disease with dry mouth, dry nose, floating and tight pulses, inevitably leading to epistaxis. (Apply Huangqin Tang [Scutellaria Decoction])
Yangming disease with rinsing the mouth but no desire to swallow (indicating heat in the blood level). (Apply Huangqin Shaoyao Tang [Scutellaria and Peony Decoction])
Patients prone to epistaxis have a weak pulse. (Apply Xijiao Dihuang Tang [Rhinoceros Horn and Rehmannia Decoction])
Epistaxis that does not stop. (Apply Maohua Tang [Flower of Cannabis Sativa Decoction] plus Huangqin [Scutellariae Radix], Huanglian [Coptidis Rhizoma], and Mo Zhi [Ink Juice])
Epistaxis contraindicates cold medicines. Drinking too much cold water will certainly lead to blood accumulation and chest binding syndromes. (Light cases apply Xijiao Dihuang Tang [Rhinoceros Horn and Rehmannia Decoction]; severe cases apply Tao Ren Chengqi Tang [Peach Kernel and Magnolia Bark Decoction])