饥不欲食食则吐蛔者厥阴病(论见气上冲心)手足厥冷脉乍紧心烦饥不能食者邪在胸中宜瓜蒂散吐之(详厥)太阳
病吐发汗出发热不恶寒关脉细数腹中饥口不能食朝食暮吐者此为小逆(论见发热)阳明病下后心中懊 饥不欲食但头汗
出者宜栀子豉汤(论见烦)
气上冲心疼饥不欲食吐蛔者厥阴病(桂枝白术茯苓汤理中安蛔散)蛔厥者其人当吐蛔今病者静而复时烦此为脏寒蛔
上入膈故烦须臾复止得食而呕又烦者蛔闻食臭出其人当自吐蛔蛔厥者乌梅丸主之(蛔厥者其人手足冷而吐蛔也脏厥者死
阳气绝也蛔厥虽厥而烦吐蛔已则静不若脏厥之躁无暂安时也病患脏寒胃虚蛔动上膈闻食臭出因而吐蛔舌燥口干常欲冷
饮浸口不欲咽蛔上烦躁昏乱欲死两手脉沉迟足冷至膝甚者连蛔并屎俱出大便秘而不行此证虽出多可救治也宜加味理中
安蛔散乌梅丸治之)病患有寒复发汗胃中冷必吐蛔(活人云先服理中丸次服乌梅丸)
乌梅丸方
乌梅(三百个) 细辛 附子(炮) 桂枝(去粗皮) 人参 黄柏(各六两) 当归 蜀椒(去汗各四两) 干
姜(十两) 黄连(一斤)上十味异捣筛合治之以苦酒渍乌梅一宿去核蒸之五升米下饭熟捣成泥和药令相得纳臼中与蜜
杵二千下丸如梧桐子大先食饮服十丸日三服稍加至二十丸禁生冷滑物臭食等(肺主气肺欲收急食酸以收之乌梅之酸以收
肺气脾欲缓急食甘以缓之人参之甘以缓脾气寒淫于内以辛润之以苦坚之当归桂椒细辛之辛以润内寒寒淫所胜平以辛热
姜附之辛热以胜寒蛔得甘则动得苦则安黄连黄柏之苦以安蛔)
理中安蛔散 陶尚父秘方累用之效
人参(三钱) 白术 白茯苓 干姜(各一钱半) 川椒(十四粒) 乌梅(三枚)上作一服水二钟煎七分服凡治
蛔不可用甘草并甜物盖蛔虫得甘则动于上得苦则安得酸则止得川椒之辛则头伏于下也
凡吐蛔未止加黄连黄柏各五分川椒十四粒若是冷甚者必加附子半钱或三钱量病轻重斟酌之
戴 胃中冷必吐蛔吐蛔人皆知为阴也然亦有阳证吐蛔者盖胃中空虚既无谷气故蛔上而求食至咽而吐又看别证如何
不可专以胃冷为说曾记一人阳黄吐蛔又大发斑阳毒证口疮咽痛吐蛔皆以冷剂取效是亦有阳证矣
饥饿但不想进食,进食后呕吐蛔虫的,属于厥阴病(相关论述见“气上冲心”条)。
手足冰冷、脉象突然变紧、心中烦乱、感觉饥饿却无法进食的,是邪气停留在胸中,适宜用瓜蒂散催吐(详细论述见“厥”条)。
太阳病,在呕吐之后又发汗,出现发热、不恶寒、关部脉细数、腹中感觉饥饿但口不能进食、早晨吃下的食物傍晚吐出,这属于轻微的逆证(相关论述见“发热”条)。
阳明病,经过攻下治疗后,心中懊恼、饥饿但不想进食、只有头部出汗的,适宜用栀子豉汤(相关论述见“烦”条)。
气上冲心,感到疼痛,饥饿但不想进食,呕吐蛔虫的,属于厥阴病(可用桂枝白术茯苓汤或理中安蛔散治疗以安蛔)。
蛔厥病患者,平时应当呕吐蛔虫。现在的患者安静时却时不时心烦,这是因为内脏寒冷,蛔虫上行进入膈部,所以心烦;过了一会儿又停止。如果进食后发生呕吐并再次心烦,是因为蛔虫闻到食物的气味而出来,患者应当自行呕吐出蛔虫。蛔厥症,用乌梅丸主治。(注:蛔厥是指患者手脚冰冷且呕吐蛔虫;脏厥则是死证,因为阳气断绝。蛔厥虽然四肢厥冷且有烦闷、呕吐蛔虫的症状,但吐完蛔虫后就安静了,不像脏厥那样躁动不安、没有片刻安宁。)
病患因内脏寒冷、胃气虚弱导致蛔虫扰动,上行至膈部,闻到食物气味而出,因而呕吐蛔虫。表现为舌燥口干,经常想要喝冷饮,但含在口中却不咽下。蛔虫上扰导致烦躁昏乱,痛苦欲死。两手脉象沉迟,脚冷直到膝盖,严重的甚至蛔虫和大便一起排出,大便秘结不通。此证虽然症状繁多,但大多可以救治。适宜用加味理中安蛔散或乌梅丸治疗。
病患体内有寒,又误用发汗法,导致胃中寒冷,必然呕吐蛔虫。(《活人书》说:先服用理中丸,再服用乌梅丸。)
乌梅丸方剂组成:
乌梅(三百个)、细辛、附子(炮制)、桂枝(去除粗皮)、人参、黄柏(各六两)、当归、蜀椒(去汗,各四两)、干姜(十两)、黄连(一斤)。以上十味药,分别捣碎过筛,混合均匀。用苦酒(醋)浸泡乌梅一夜,去掉核,放在五升米饭上蒸熟,捣成泥状,与药物混合均匀,放入臼中与蜂蜜一起杵两千下,制成梧桐子大小的丸药。饭前饮服十丸,每日三次,逐渐增加至二十丸。禁忌生冷、滑腻、臭秽等食物。(肺主气,肺喜欢收敛,急需食用酸味来收敛肺气,乌梅的酸味可以收敛肺气;脾喜欢缓和,急需食用甘味来缓和脾气,人参的甘味可以缓和脾气;寒气淫盛于内,用辛味滋润,用苦味坚阴。当归、桂枝、蜀椒、细辛的辛味可以滋润内寒;寒气淫胜,用辛热之品平抑它,干姜、附子的辛热可以战胜寒气;蛔虫遇到甘味就会活动,遇到苦味就会安定,黄连、黄柏的苦味可以安定蛔虫。)
理中安蛔散:陶尚父的秘方,多次使用都有效。
人参(三钱)、白术、白茯苓、干姜(各一钱半)、川椒(十四粒)、乌梅(三枚)。以上作为一服药,用水两钟煎煮至七分,服用。凡是治疗蛔虫,不可使用甘草和甜食,因为蛔虫得到甘味就会向上活动,得到苦味就会安定,得到酸味就会停止,得到川椒的辛味就会头向下伏。
凡是呕吐蛔虫未止的,加黄连、黄柏各五分,川椒十四粒。如果是寒气特别重的,必须加附子半钱或三钱,根据病情的轻重斟酌添加。
戴氏观点:胃中寒冷必然呕吐蛔虫。人们都知道吐蛔虫属于阴证,但也有阳证吐蛔的情况。大概是因为胃中空虚,没有谷气,所以蛔虫上行寻找食物,到了咽喉就吐出来。还要看其他证候如何,不能专门以胃冷来解释。曾记得一个人患阳黄吐蛔,又大发斑疹,属于阳毒证,伴有口疮、咽痛,吐蛔都是用寒凉药物取效的,这也是有阳证的情况。
Those who feel hungry but have no desire to eat, and vomit roundworms (Ascaris) after eating, are suffering from Jueyin disease (see discussion on "Qi rushing up to the heart").
Those with cold extremities, a pulse that suddenly becomes tight, mental restlessness, a sensation of hunger but inability to eat, have pathogenic factors lodged in the chest. They should be treated with Gengti San (Cantaloupe Seed Powder) to induce vomiting (see detailed discussion on "Jue" / Cold Extremities).
In Taiyang disease, if vomiting is followed by sweating, resulting in fever, aversion to cold being absent, a thin and rapid pulse at the Guan position, abdominal hunger but inability to eat, and regurgitation of food eaten in the morning by evening, this is considered a minor adverse reaction (see discussion on "Fever").
In Yangming disease, after purgation, if there is mental oppression and discomfort, hunger without desire to eat, and sweating only on the head, Zhizi Chi Tang (Gardenia and Fermented Soybean Decoction) is appropriate (see discussion on "Restlessness").
When Qi rushes up to the heart causing pain, accompanied by hunger without desire to eat and vomiting roundworms, it is Jueyin disease (can be treated with Guizhi Baizhu Fuling Tang or Lizhong Anhui San to calm the worms).
Patients with Huijue (Roundworm Syncope) typically vomit roundworms. If the patient is usually quiet but occasionally experiences mental restlessness, it is due to internal cold causing the worms to ascend into the diaphragm, thus causing restlessness; the restlessness subsides after a short while. If vomiting and renewed restlessness occur after eating, it is because the worms emerge upon smelling food odor, leading the patient to vomit them spontaneously. Huijue is primarily treated with Wumei Wan (Mume Pill). (Note: Huijue refers to cold extremities accompanied by vomiting roundworms. Zangjue (Visceral Syncope) is a fatal condition due to the exhaustion of Yang Qi. Although Huijue involves cold extremities, restlessness, and vomiting roundworms, the patient becomes quiet after vomiting the worms, unlike Zangjue which involves constant agitation without respite.)
If a patient suffers from internal cold and deficient stomach Qi, causing worm movement ascending to the diaphragm, and vomiting roundworms upon smelling food, presenting with dry tongue and mouth, a frequent desire for cold drinks but reluctance to swallow them, severe烦躁 (restlessness) and confusion, extreme distress, deep and slow pulses in both hands, cold feet extending to the knees, and in severe cases, expulsion of both roundworms and feces with constipation, this condition, though complex, is generally treatable. It should be treated with Jiawei Lizhong Anhui San (Modified Lizhong Roundworm-Calming Powder) or Wumei Wan.
If a patient has internal cold and is incorrectly induced to sweat, causing coldness in the stomach, they will inevitably vomit roundworms. (The *Huoren Shu* states: First administer Lizhong Wan, then Wumei Wan.)
**Wumei Wan Formula:**
Wumei (Mume Fruit, 300 pieces), Xixin (Asarum), Fuzi (Prepared Aconite Root), Guizhi (Cinnamon Twig, bark removed), Renshen (Ginseng Root), Huangbai (Phellodendron Bark) (each 6 liang), Danggui (Angelica Sinensis Root), Shujiao (Sichuan Pepper, perspiration removed, each 4 liang), Ganjiang (Dried Ginger, 10 liang), Huanglian (Coptis Rhizome, 1 jin). The above ten ingredients are separately pounded and sifted, then mixed. Soak Wumei in Kujiu (bitter wine/vinegar) overnight, remove the pits, steam over five sheng of rice until cooked, pound into a paste, mix with the herbs, place in a mortar with honey, and pound two thousand times. Form pills the size of tung tree seeds. Take ten pills before meals with warm water, three times daily, gradually increasing to twenty pills. Avoid raw, cold, slippery, and foul-smelling foods. (The Lung governs Qi and prefers astringency; urgently consume sour flavors to astringe Lung Qi; the sourness of Wumei astringes Lung Qi. The Spleen prefers relaxation; urgently consume sweet flavors to relax Spleen Qi; the sweetness of Renshen relaxes Spleen Qi. When Cold invades internally, use Pungent flavors to moisten and Bitter flavors to firm. The pungency of Danggui, Guizhi, Shujiao, and Xixin moistens internal cold. When Cold prevails excessively, use Pungent-Heat to level it; the pungent-heat of Ganjiang and Fuzi conquers Cold. Roundworms move when encountering Sweet flavors and settle when encountering Bitter flavors; the bitterness of Huanglian and Huangbai settles the roundworms.)
**Lizhong Anhui San:**
A secret formula by Tao Shangfu, effective in repeated use.
Renshen (3 qian), Baizhu (Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome), Baifuling (Poria, white part), Ganjiang (each 1.5 qian), Chuanjiao (Sichuan Pepper, 14 grains), Wumei (3 pieces). Prepare as one dose, decoct in two zhong of water until reduced to seven-tenths, and take. In treating roundworms, avoid using Gancao (Licorice Root) and sweet substances, as roundworms move upward when encountering sweetness, settle with bitterness, stop with acidity, and bury their heads downward with the pungency of Chuanjiao.
For those vomiting roundworms that do not cease, add Huanglian and Huangban (each 0.5 fen) and Chuanjiao (14 grains). If the cold is severe, add Fuzi (0.5 qian or 3 qian), adjusting according to the severity of the illness.
**Dai's Viewpoint:** Stomach cold inevitably causes vomiting of roundworms. Everyone knows that vomiting roundworms belongs to Yin syndromes, but there are also Yang syndrome cases of vomiting roundworms. This is likely because the stomach is empty and lacks grain Qi, so the worms ascend seeking food, reaching the throat and being vomited out. One must observe other symptoms and cannot solely attribute it to stomach cold. I recall a case of a patient with Yang Jaundice vomiting roundworms, accompanied by severe macules, belonging to Yang Toxin syndrome with mouth ulcers and sore throat; vomiting roundworms was resolved using cold-natured medicines. Thus, Yang syndromes exist.