禀火气以生，故味辛、苦，大热，有小毒。入足阳明、太阴、足少阴、厥阴四经。
一切阴寒并治。
吴茱萸，大温，散胸中脾胃寒冷，膀胱受湿，阴囊作疝，久滑冷泻，阴寒小腹作
疼，肝经气分，脾经血分，然性燥急，阴虚火盛者，大非所宜。
主治（痘疹合参） 宜择小者去梗，以沸汤浸去苦汁六七次，晒干于瓦上慢火炒
用，凡痘饮冷伤胃，呕逆不止者宜之，士材曰∶燥肠胃而止久滑之泻，散阴寒而攻心腹
之疼，祛冷胀为独得，疏肝气有偏长，疝疼香港脚相宜，开郁杀虫至效。
按∶吴茱萸辛散燥热，专入厥阴居多，其脾肾旁及者也。然下气最速，肠虚人服之
愈甚。东垣云∶浊阴不降，厥阴上逆，甚而胀满，非茱萸不可治也。多用损元气，至如
咽喉口舌生疮，以茱萸末醋调，贴两足心，一夜便愈者，引热下行也。性极燥极急，非
大寒者不可轻投，虚泄者必君参术方用，亦须少少投之，不尔损人。段成式曰∶椒气好
下，茱气善上，故食茱萸，有冲膈冲眼脱发咽痛动火发疮之害。
禀水土之气以生，故味甘、辛、气平，微寒，无毒。入手厥阴、少阴、足阳明经。
为散瘀血之药。
苏方木，专行积血，产后败血。跌扑损血，散痈肿排脓止痛，通月水活血消瘀，同
防风散表里风气，调乳香治口噤风。
产后气喘而黑欲死，乃血入肺也，用此参苏饮服之，神效。苏木二两，水二碗，煎一
碗入人参末五钱服。
主治（痘疹合参） 主痘中跌扑，血瘀作痛，宜暂用以活血，须锉碎酒浸煮脓汁
入药。
按∶苏木理血，与红花同，少用和血，多用破血也。其治风者，所谓治风先治血，
血行风自灭。然必兼以滋补血药，方可见功。
吴茱萸禀受火气而生，因此味道辛、苦，性质大热，有小毒。它归入足阳明经、足太阴经、足少阴经和足厥阴经这四条经脉。
它能治疗一切阴寒性质的病症。
吴茱萸，性质大温，能疏散胸中和脾胃的寒冷，消除膀胱受到的湿气，治疗因阴寒导致的小腹疼痛及阴囊肿痛（疝气），以及长期的冷性滑脱腹泻。它作用于肝经的气分和脾经的血分。然而，它的药性燥烈急迫，对于阴虚火旺的患者，非常不适宜使用。
主治（参考《痘疹合参》）：应当选择小的果实，去掉果梗，用沸水浸泡去除苦汁六七次，然后在瓦片上用慢火晒干炒制后使用。凡是因饮用冷饮损伤胃气，导致呕吐不止的痘疹患者，适合使用此药。李士材说：吴茱萸能燥肠胃而止住久泻导致的滑脱，散阴寒而攻治心腹疼痛，祛除冷胀有独到之处，疏理肝气也有特长，治疗疝痛和脚气病很适宜，开郁结、杀虫效果极佳。
按语：吴茱萸辛散燥热，主要归入厥阴经，同时也旁涉脾经和肾经。然而，它下气的速度最快，肠道虚弱的人服用后会加重病情。李东垣说：如果浊阴之气不能下降，厥阴之气上逆，甚至出现胀满，非用吴茱萸不可治疗。但多用会损伤元气。至于咽喉和口舌生疮，可以用吴茱萸粉末调醋，贴敷在两个脚心，一夜即可痊愈，这是引热下行。吴茱萸性质极其燥烈急迫，如果不是大寒证，不可轻易投用；如果是虚性泄泻，必须在人参、白术等补益方剂中作为主药配合使用，而且必须少量投用，否则就会损害人体。段成式说：花椒的气味善于下行，吴茱萸的气味善于上行，所以食用吴茱萸，会有冲撞膈部、刺激眼睛导致脱发、引起咽痛、动火引发疮疡的危害。
苏方木禀受水土之气而生，因此味道甘、辛，气平，微寒，无毒。它归入手厥阴经和手少阴经，以及足阳明经。
它是消散瘀血的药物。
苏方木，专门行散积血，特别是产后残留的败血。治疗跌打损伤引起的瘀血，消散痈肿、排脓止痛，通调月经、活血消瘀。与防风同用可疏散表里的风气，与乳香同用可治疗牙关紧闭的风症。
产后气喘且面色发黑濒临死亡，这是血液进入肺脏所致，用人参苏饮服用，效果神奇。配方为：苏木二两，加水两碗，煎至一碗，加入人参末五钱服用。
主治（参考《痘疹合参》）：主治痘疹过程中因跌扑导致的血瘀疼痛，宜暂时使用以活血，必须锉碎后用酒浸泡，煮出脓汁状药液入药。
按语：苏木调理血液，与红花功效相同，少量使用可以调和血液，大量使用则破血。它治疗风症的原理，所谓“治风先治血，血行风自灭”。但是必须兼用滋补血液的药物，才能见到功效。
Born from the Qi of Fire, its taste is pungent and bitter, its nature is extremely hot, and it has slight toxicity. It enters the four meridians: Foot-Yangming, Foot-Taiyin, Foot-Shaoyin, and Foot-Jueyin.
It treats all types of Yin-cold conditions.
Wuzhuyu (Evodiae Fructus), being extremely warm, disperses cold in the chest, spleen, and stomach; eliminates dampness affecting the bladder; treats hernia with scrotal pain caused by Yin-cold; and addresses chronic cold-type loose stools. It acts on the Qi level of the Liver meridian and the Blood level of the Spleen meridian. However, its nature is dry and urgent; it is highly unsuitable for patients with Yin deficiency and hyperactive fire.
Indications (referencing *Douzhen Hecan*): Select small fruits, remove the stems, soak them in boiling water to remove the bitter juice six or seven times, then dry them slowly over a slow fire on tiles. It is suitable for cases where drinking cold liquids damages the Stomach Qi, causing persistent vomiting. Li Shicai stated: "It dries the intestines and stops chronic loose stools with sliding; disperses Yin-cold and attacks heart and abdominal pain; removing cold distension is its unique strength; soothing Liver Qi is also a specialty; it is suitable for hernia pain and beriberi; opening depression and killing parasites are highly effective."
Commentary: Wuzhuyu is pungent, dispersing, and drying-hot. It primarily enters the Jueyin meridian, with secondary effects on the Spleen and Kidney meridians. However, it descends Qi very rapidly; taking it will worsen symptoms in individuals with empty intestines. Li Dongyuan said: "When turbid Yin fails to descend and Jueyin Qi rebels upward, leading to severe distension, only Evodia can treat this." However, excessive use damages Yuan Qi. Regarding sores in the throat and tongue, applying a paste of Wuzhuyu powder mixed with vinegar to both sole centers (Yongquan acupoints) cures it overnight; this draws heat downward. Its nature is extremely dry and urgent; it should not be lightly administered unless there is severe Cold. For deficiency-type diarrhea, it must be used as a principal herb in formulas containing Ginseng and Atractylodes, and even then, only in small doses; otherwise, it harms the body. Duan Chengshi said: "The Qi of Sichuan pepper tends to go down, while the Qi of Evodia tends to go up. Therefore, consuming Evodia can cause harm such as rushing against the diaphragm, irritating the eyes leading to hair loss, inducing sore throat, stirring fire, and triggering sores."
Born from the Qi of Earth and Water, its taste is sweet and pungent, its nature is neutral, slightly cold, and it is non-toxic. It enters the Hand-Jueyin, Hand-Shaoyin, and Foot-Yangming meridians.
It is an herb that dissipates blood stasis.
Sufangmu (Sappan Lignum) specifically moves accumulated blood, particularly postpartum retained blood. It treats blood stasis from falls and blows, dissipates carbuncles and swellings, promotes pus discharge, relieves pain, regulates menstruation, invigorates blood, and resolves stasis. When combined with Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix), it disperses wind-qi in the exterior and interior; when combined with Ruxiang (Olibanum), it treats trismus due to wind.
Postpartum asthma with blackening complexion approaching death indicates blood entering the Lung. Administer Ren Shen Su Yin (Ginseng and Sappan Decoction) for miraculous efficacy. Formula: Sappan Lignum 2 liang, water 2 bowls, decoct to 1 bowl, add 5 qian of powdered Ginseng, and take orally.
Indications (referencing *Douzhen Hecan*): Mainly treats pain caused by blood stasis from falls during the course of chickenpox/smallpox. Use temporarily to invigorate blood. The herb must be chopped, soaked in wine, and decocted until the liquid resembles pus before adding to the prescription.
Commentary: Sappan Lignum regulates blood similarly to Honghua (Carthami Flos). In small doses, it harmonizes blood; in large doses, it breaks blood. Its treatment of wind disorders follows the principle: "To treat wind, first treat blood; when blood flows, wind extinguishes itself." However, it must be combined with blood-nourishing herbs to achieve efficacy.