凡儿十岁以前，忽然面上如青纱盖定，从发际至印堂者，不论病之深浅，六十日必
死。若至鼻柱，一月须亡，更到人中，不过十日。其色盈面即日哭伤，并诸病虽愈。如
赤色出于两颧，大如拇指者，必复卒死。黑色出于庭间，大如拇指者，虽不病而亦卒
死。两脸青色者，主多啼作呕，脏腑不和也。鼻燥黄色者，必积热溺涩，或衄血气相
也。鼻燥白色者，必吐泻伤脾，感冷肺逆也。鼻中痒甚者，是肺气盛，而五疳传惊
也。鼻下赤烂者，是肝气盛，而肺疳见症也。鼻如烟筒者，是火烁金，而惊中危症
也。至如鼻孔仰起者，死症也。目鲜青色者，书曰∶睛青主癖块；又曰∶目鲜将发
搐。然发疮痍亦然。目睛黄色者，是积热骨蒸，或泻痢 癖也。眼深黑色者，是吐泻
内吊，惊搐慢脾也，眶肿睛黄者，是积热久嗽，或伤脾作呕或夜热疮痍也。印堂青色
者，主胎热胎惊腹痛夜啼也。更凡身热，而眉攒不舒者，主头疼，不热而然者，主腹痛
下痢，或热拥三焦，并凡病机将发亦然。若眉间杂色者，白主霍乱绞痛，黄主积热虚
浮，赤亦感风头楚，青主惊搐相乘，黑者危
在旦夕。嘴唇中白色者，主呕逆作泻，口渴肠鸣，将成内吊。唇中黄色者，主伤胃脾
热、作胀下痢，溲短肌浮。唇中红色者，主内热有惊，或见疮疹。唇中青色者，主风寒
相感，脾伤发惊。唇焦赤色者，主口秽脾肠，便闭气粗热甚。唇茧淡自者，主伤食复
伤，热拥脾家，肠鸣腹鼓，唇间紫色者，主蛔刺攻冲，痛逆霍乱。唇深红色者，肺虚热
也，唇白者，肺虚也，然白而泽者可治，白似枯骨者，并诸疾愈后，忽大喘唇白者皆
死。更有舌上杂色，如黄者伤脾，白苔者焦渴，紫浓如荔枝壳者，主热聚三焦，破裂有
血者主邪热攻心，小便闭结甚有青苔，或如白染者，并皆不治。耳前赤色者，主疳虫攻
肾，耳鸣或聋；耳前黄色者，主惊入肾，或睡中戛齿；更有筋露，青色于头面者，主惊
啼烦躁；更有胃热而遍体金黄者，则必口秽目碧；更有鱼目定睛者，主夜死，盖肝属
木，而外应睛，肝亡则筋绝，目不能转。又曰∶瞳人属肾，肾亡则水绝，是以瞳人不
转，子母俱绝，则近必死在申酉时，远死在庚辛日，盖二者皆属金，金能克木，故至期
而死矣。更面青唇黑者昼亡，盖面青者，木来克土也，唇者脾也，黑者水也，今脾部而
见水者，是脾绝，而水反胜也，则近必死在寅卯时，远必死在甲乙日，盖二者皆属木，
木能克土，故至期而死也。更凡面黄，而目或青或赤或白或黑者，皆为不死，若面青目
赤，面赤目白，面赤目青，面青日黑者皆死，盖色中无黄，则胃气已绝矣。更凡青色
见于太阴太阳，及鱼尾正面口角，如大青蓝叶，或怪恶之状者，是肝气绝主死。若如翠
羽柏皮，只是肝邪，有怒病风病，惊病目病之属。若赤色见于口唇，及三阴三阳上下，
如马肝之色，或死血之状者，是心气绝主死。若如橘红马尾色者，只是心病，或有大
热，怔忡惊悸，夜卧不宁健忘之属，若白色见于鼻准，或于正面，色如枯骨，或如擦败
残汗粉者，是脉气绝主死。若如腻粉梅花者，只是肺邪，或中寒咳嗽，哮喘气虚之
属。若黄色见于鼻，干燥而如土偶之形者，是脾气绝主死，若如桂花杂以墨晕，只是脾
病，饮食不快，四肢倦怠，胀闷泄泻，呕吐之属，若黑色见于耳或轮廓内外，命闷悬
壁，若污水烟煤之状者，是肾气绝主死。若如鸟羽之泽者，只是肾虚，火邪乘水之属，
更颐下赤者，主肾热，《素问》云∶肾热病者颐先赤，更若非时弄色者，主胎风客忤之
属；书又曰∶病重而面色不常不泽者死。更凡左脸赤色，身热脉弦者，主肝热病。《素
问》云∶以木之气，则应春合东，以南面正理之，则其左脸也，右脸青色者，主呕逆多
痰。《素问》云∶以金之气则应秋合西，以南面正理之，则其右脸也。若目连眨者，主
肝风热；若目直而黑者，主搐；若目直而青身反折者，主惊；若切牙甚者发惊；若口吐
涎沫而叫者，虫痛；若呵欠善嚏悸者，主发疮疹；若吐泻昏睡而露睛者主胃虚热；若吐
泻昏睡而不露睛者，主胃实热；并凡身热而饮水者，主热在内；若身热而不饮者，主热
在外；若小便不通者，久则胀满。更凡吐稠涎痰热及血者，主热。若吐涎痰冷者主湿；
若吐沫及白痰绿水者，是胃虚冷；若泻黄红赤黑，是脾胃热毒；若尿深黄色者，久则尿
血；若心痛而吐水者，主虫痛；若心痛而不吐水者，是冷痛。然有原素喜热物，有伤胃
脘，死血凝滞作痛者有矣。更凡呵欠面赤者风热；呵欠面青者，惊风；呵欠面黄者，脾
虚惊∶呵欠多睡者，内热；呵欠气热者，伤寒∶呵欠喘急者，伤风∶呵欠顿闷者，痘
疮∶呵欠久病者，是阴阳离也。更几弄舌者，是脾微热即饮水者，是脾胃虚，而津液
少，不可遽作热治。若大病后而弄舌者凶；若眼赤者，是肝家积热；若白日多睡是脾家
积热；若咳噫噎气，是胃家积热；若牙疳口气，是奶食结毒；若龟胸者，是肺家风热久
蓄∶若龟背者，是客风伤肺∶若停耳者，是肾中湿热上冲；若开口睡者，是五脏毒盛；
若睡时口中气温，喜合面卧，及上窜切牙者，是心热也，盖心气热则心胸亦热，故欲
就冷也。有气温而喜仰卧者，是心气实，故喜仰卧，而气得上下通也。更凡目赤者，心
热也；淡红者，心虚热也；青者，肝热也；浅淡者，肝虚热也；黄者、脾热也；浅淡
者，脾虚热也；无精光者，肾虚也。然病后而目无精光，如露雾罩定者死。若爱吃布帛
者，是肺生虫∶爱吃火炭者，是肝生虫∶爱吃盐者，是肾生虫；爱吃泥士者，是脾生
虫；频食善饥者，是实火；善饥少食者，是虚火；口秽唇肿者，是脾胃热盛；四肢多
疮，是脾家湿火；时渴时泻者，是胃火；声哑气粗者，是肺 也。若两脸赤色者，主乍
乘风热，肌肉憔悴者，必内热骨蒸，病欲得寒，欲见人者，病在腑也。病欲得温，不欲
见人者，病在脏也，此病机之外见，望法之所首重也。
凡是十岁以前的儿童，忽然面部像被青纱遮盖住一样，从发际一直延伸到印堂穴的，不论病情深浅，六十天内必然死亡。如果青色蔓延到鼻柱，一个月之内必须死亡；如果再蔓延到人中穴，不超过十天就会死亡。这种面色布满全脸并伴有日哭症状的，即使其他病症痊愈，也预示凶险。如果赤色出现在两颧，大小如拇指的，必定突然死亡。黑色出现在天庭（额头中央），大小如拇指的，即使没有生病也会突然死亡。两颊呈现青色的，主因是啼哭过多导致呕吐，脏腑功能不和。鼻子干燥且呈黄色的，必定是积热导致小便涩痛，或者是鼻出血、气机逆乱。鼻子干燥且呈白色的，必定是吐泻损伤了脾脏，感受寒气导致肺气上逆。鼻子瘙痒严重的，是肺气旺盛，并且五疳病传变为惊风。鼻下部位红肿溃烂的，是肝气旺盛，并且出现肺疳的症状。鼻孔像烟筒一样张开的，是火邪灼伤肺金，属于惊风中的危重证候。至于鼻孔向上翻起的，是死症。眼睛呈现鲜青色的，医书说：眼珠发青主有癖块（腹内结块）；又说：眼睛发青将要发生抽搐。然而长疮疡的情况也是如此。眼珠发黄的是积热导致的骨蒸劳热，或者是腹泻痢疾引起的癖积。眼眶深陷且眼珠黑色的，是吐泻导致内脏牵引疼痛，或者惊风、慢脾风。眼眶肿胀且眼珠黄的，是积热久咳，或者伤脾导致呕吐或夜间发热生疮。印堂穴处发青的，主胎热、胎惊、腹痛和夜间啼哭。
此外，凡是身体发热，但眉头紧锁不舒展的，主头痛；如果不发热却眉头紧锁的，主腹痛下痢，或者是热邪壅滞三焦，以及凡是病机即将发作时也是这样。如果眉间夹杂杂色，白色主霍乱绞痛，黄色主积热虚浮，红色也是感受风邪头目不适，青色主惊搐相乘，黑色则危在旦夕。嘴唇中间发白的，主呕吐逆气作泻，口渴肠鸣，将发展成内吊（一种急腹症）。嘴唇中间发黄的，主伤胃脾热、腹胀下痢，小便短少肌肉浮肿。嘴唇中间发红的，主内有热且有惊风，或者出现疮疹。嘴唇中间发青的，主风寒相感，脾伤引发惊风。嘴唇焦黑的，主口中有秽气、脾肠积热，大便闭塞气息粗重热势严重。嘴唇茧淡白色的，主饮食停滞再次受伤，热邪壅滞脾家，肠鸣腹胀鼓起。唇间呈紫色的，主蛔虫刺痛攻冲，疼痛逆乱霍乱。嘴唇深红色的，是肺虚热；嘴唇白色的，是肺虚。然而白而有光泽的可以治疗，白得像枯骨的，以及诸病痊愈后，忽然大喘且嘴唇发白的，都主死亡。
更有舌上出现杂色，如黄色的伤脾，白苔的焦渴，紫浓像荔枝壳的，主热聚三焦，破裂有血的，主邪热攻心，小便闭结严重的甚至有青苔，或者像白染一样的，都属于不治之症。耳前发红的，主疳虫攻肾，耳鸣或耳聋；耳前发黄的，主惊入肾，或者睡觉中磨牙；更有筋脉显露，头面呈现青色的，主惊啼烦躁；更有胃热而遍体金黄的，则必定口中有秽气、眼珠碧色；更有鱼目定睛（眼球固定不动）的，主夜间死亡，因为肝属木，外应眼睛，肝亡则筋绝，眼睛不能转动。又说：瞳仁属肾，肾亡则水绝，所以瞳仁不转动，子母俱绝，那么近则必死于申酉时，远则死于庚辛日，因为这两者都属金，金能克木，所以到了期限而死。
另外，面青唇黑的白天死亡，因为面青是木来克土，唇代表脾，黑代表水，现在脾部见到水色，是脾绝而水反胜，那么近则必死于寅卯时，远则必死于甲乙日，因为这两者都属木，木能克土，所以到了期限而死。另外，凡是面黄，而眼睛或青或赤或白或黑的，都为不死；如果面青目赤，面赤目白，面赤目青，面青目黑的都主死亡，因为五色中没有黄色，说明胃气已绝。另外，凡是青色出现在太阴太阳经循行部位，以及眼角、正面、口角，像大青蓝叶或怪异恶毒形状的，是肝气绝主死。如果像翠羽柏皮的颜色，只是肝邪，有怒病、风病、惊病、目病之类。如果赤色出现在口唇，以及三阴三阳上下，像马肝的颜色，或死血状的，是心气绝主死。如果像橘红马尾色的，只是心病，或有大的热病，怔忡惊悸，夜间卧不安宁健忘之类。如果白色出现在鼻准，或于正面，色如枯骨，或像擦败残汗粉的，是脉气绝主死。如果像腻粉梅花状的，只是肺邪，或中寒咳嗽，哮喘气虚之类。如果黄色出现在鼻子，干燥而像土偶形状的，是脾气绝主死，如果像桂花杂以墨晕的，只是脾病，饮食不快，四肢倦怠，胀闷泄泻，呕吐之类。如果黑色出现在耳朵或轮廓内外，命门悬壁，像污水烟煤形状的，是肾气绝主死。如果像鸟羽毛光泽的，只是肾虚，火邪乘水之类。
另外，下巴发红的主肾热，《素问》说：肾热病患者下巴先红。另外，如果不是平时弄颜色（指异常的面色变化），主胎风客忤之类；医书又说：病重而面色不正常无光泽的死。另外，凡是左脸赤色，身体发热脉弦的，主肝热病。《素问》说：以木之气，则应春合东，以南面正理之，则其左脸也。右脸青色的，主呕吐逆气多痰。《素问》说：以金之气则应秋合西，以南面正理之，则其右脸也。如果眼睛连眨的，主肝风热；如果眼睛直瞪且黑的，主抽搐；如果眼睛直瞪且青身体反折的，主惊风；如果咬牙严重的发惊风；如果口吐涎沫叫喊的，是虫痛；如果打哈欠善嚏悸动的，主发疮疹；如果吐泻昏睡且露睛的，主胃虚热；如果吐泻昏睡且不露睛的，主胃实热；以及凡是身体发热而饮水的，主热在内；如果身体发热而不饮水的，主热在外；如果小便不通的，久了则胀满。
另外，凡是吐稠涎痰热及血的，主热。如果吐涎痰冷的，主湿；如果吐沫及白痰绿水的，是胃虚冷；如果泻黄红赤黑，是脾胃热毒；如果尿深黄色的，久了则尿血；如果心痛而吐水的，主虫痛；如果心痛而不吐水的，是冷痛。然而有的原本喜欢热物，有伤胃脘，死血凝滞作痛的也有。另外，凡是打哈欠面赤的，风热；打哈欠面青的，惊风；打哈欠面黄的，脾虚惊；打哈欠多睡的，内热；打哈欠气热的，伤寒；打哈欠喘急的，伤风；打哈欠顿闷的，痘疮；打哈欠久病的，是阴阳离决。另外，凡弄舌的，是脾微热；即饮水的，是脾胃虚，而津液少，不可遽然当作热治。如果大病后而弄舌的，凶；如果眼赤的，是肝家积热；如果白日多睡是脾家积热；如果咳噫噎气的，是胃家积热；如果牙疳口气的，是奶食结毒；如果龟胸的，是肺家风热久蓄；如果龟背的，是客风伤肺；如果停耳（耳廓向后贴附）的，是肾中湿热上冲；如果开口睡的，是五脏毒盛；如果睡时口中气温，喜欢趴着睡，以及上窜咬牙的，是心热，因为心气热则心胸亦热，所以想要靠近冷处。有体温而喜欢仰卧的，是心气实，所以喜欢仰卧，而气得上下通畅。另外，凡是目赤的，心热；淡红的，心虚热；青的，肝热；浅淡的，肝虚热；黄的，脾热；浅淡的，脾虚热；无精光的，肾虚。然而病后而目无精光，像露雾遮盖住的，死。如果爱吃布帛的，是肺生虫；爱吃火炭的，是肝生虫；爱吃盐的，是肾生虫；爱吃泥土的，是脾生虫；频食善饥的，是实火；善饥少食的，是虚火；口秽唇肿的，是脾胃热盛；四肢多疮的，是脾家湿火；时渴时泻的，是胃火；声哑气粗的，是肺虚。如果两脸赤色的，主乍乘风热；肌肉憔悴的，必内热骨蒸；病欲得寒，欲见人的，病在腑。病欲得温，不欲见人的，病在脏。这是病机之外现，望诊方法所首先重视的。
For children under ten years old, if the face suddenly appears covered by a greenish veil, extending from the hairline to the Yintang (Ex-HN3) point, regardless of the depth of the disease, death will occur within sixty days. If the discoloration reaches the nasal bridge, death is certain within one month; if it further spreads to the Renzhong (GV26) point, death will occur in no more than ten days. When this color fills the entire face accompanied by crying during the day, even if other symptoms resolve, it indicates a critical prognosis. If redness appears on both cheekbones, the size of a thumb, sudden death is inevitable. If blackness appears in the center of the forehead (Tianting), the size of a thumb, sudden death may occur even without apparent illness. Greenness on both cheeks indicates excessive crying leading to vomiting and disharmony of the Zang-Fu organs. Dryness and yellowing of the nose indicate accumulated heat causing difficult urination, or epistaxis with rebellious Qi. Dryness and whitening of the nose indicate spleen injury from vomiting and diarrhea, and lung Qi rebellion due to cold invasion. Severe itching in the nose suggests flourishing Lung Qi and the transmission of the Five Worm Diseases into convulsions. Redness and ulceration below the nose suggest flourishing Liver Qi and manifestations of Lung Worm Disease. Nostrils flaring like a chimney indicate Fire scorching Metal (Lung), representing a critical condition of Wind-Convulsion. Upturned nostrils signify a fatal sign. Bright green eyes indicate abdominal masses (Pi Ku); bright green eyes also predict impending convulsions. Yellow sclera indicates accumulated heat causing bone-steaming consumption, or Pi accumulation from dysentery. Deep black eye sockets indicate internal pulling pain from vomiting/diarrhea, or slow-spleen wind. Swollen eye sockets with yellow sclera indicate long-term cough from accumulated heat, spleen injury causing vomiting, or night fever with skin sores. Greenness at Yintang (Ex-HN3) indicates fetal heat, fetal fright, abdominal pain, and night crying.
Furthermore, if the body is hot but the eyebrows are furrowed and not relaxed, it indicates headache. If the eyebrows are furrowed without fever, it indicates abdominal pain and dysentery, or heat obstructing the San Jiao, which is also seen when disease mechanisms are about to manifest. Mixed colors in the glabella: white indicates colic from Huoluan; yellow indicates empty floating from accumulated heat; red indicates head discomfort from wind-cold; green indicates multiplying convulsions from fright; black indicates imminent death. White lips indicate vomiting, diarrhea, thirst, borborygmus, and impending internal pulling. Yellow lips indicate stomach/spleen heat injury, distension, dysentery, short urine, and edema. Red lips indicate internal heat with fright, or appearance of sores/rashes. Green lips indicate wind-cold invasion and spleen injury causing fright. Blackened/cracked lips indicate foul breath, spleen/intestine heat, constipation, coarse breathing, and severe heat. Pale white lip calluses indicate food stagnation relapse, heat obstructing the spleen, borborygmus, and abdominal distension. Purple lips indicate ascaris piercing and attacking, causing painful rebellion and Huoluan. Deep red lips indicate Lung deficiency heat; white lips indicate Lung deficiency. However, white lips with luster are treatable; white lips resembling dry bones, or sudden large panting with white lips after recovery from various diseases, all indicate death.
Mixed colors on the tongue: yellow indicates spleen injury; white coating indicates scorched thirst; purple and thick like lychee shell indicates heat gathering in the San Jiao; rupture with blood indicates pathogenic heat attacking the Heart; closed urination with severe cases showing green coating or white-dyed appearance indicates untreatable conditions. Redness before the ears indicates worm parasites attacking the Kidney, tinnitus, or deafness; yellowness before the ears indicates fright entering the Kidney or grinding teeth during sleep; exposed tendons with greenness on the head/face indicate fright crying and irritability; golden-yellow whole body due to Stomach heat indicates foul breath and blue-green eyes; fixed "fish-eye" gaze indicates death at night, as the Liver belongs to Wood and manifests in the eyes; Liver failure leads to tendon severance and inability to move the eyes. The pupil belongs to the Kidney; Kidney failure leads to water exhaustion, fixed pupils, and mutual destruction of mother and child, predicting death at Shen/You hours (3-7 PM) or Geng/Xin days, as Metal controls Wood.
Face green and lips black indicates death during the day; face green is Wood overcoming Earth (Spleen), lips represent Spleen, black represents Water; Spleen seeing Water means Spleen failure and Water excess, predicting death at Yin/Mao hours (3-9 AM) or Jia/Yi days, as Wood overcomes Earth. Face yellow with eyes of any color (green, red, white, black) indicates survival; however, face green/red eyes, face red/white eyes, face red/green eyes, face green/black eyes all indicate death, as the absence of yellow in the five colors signifies exhausted Stomach Qi. Greenness appearing in Taiyin/Taiyang meridians, corners of eyes, face, or mouth, resembling indigo leaves or grotesque shapes, indicates Liver Qi failure and death. Resemblance to kingfisher feathers or cypress bark indicates only Liver pathogen, associated with anger, wind, fright, or eye diseases. Redness on lips and San Yin/San Yang areas, resembling horse liver or stagnant blood, indicates Heart Qi failure and death. Orange-red resembling horse tail hair indicates Heart disease, high fever, palpitations, insomnia, and forgetfulness. Whiteness on the nasal tip or face, resembling dry bones or used powder, indicates pulse Qi failure and death. Resemblance to refined powder plum blossoms indicates only Lung pathogen, associated with cold-cough, asthma, or Qi deficiency. Dry yellowness on the nose resembling clay idols indicates Spleen Qi failure and death. Osmanthus flowers mixed with ink stains indicate Spleen disease, poor appetite, limb fatigue, distension, diarrhea, and vomiting. Blackness around ears or life gate resembling dirty water or soot indicates Kidney Qi failure and death. Bird-feather luster indicates only Kidney deficiency with Fire invading Water.
Redness on the chin indicates Kidney heat; *Su Wen* states Kidney heat patients show redness on the chin first. Abnormal color changes indicate fetal wind or external influence; severe illness with abnormal, dull complexion indicates death. Redness on the left cheek with fever and wiry pulse indicates Liver heat; *Su Wen* associates Wood/Spring/East with the left cheek. Greenness on the right cheek indicates vomiting, rebellion, and phlegm; *Su Wen* associates Metal/Autumn/West with the right cheek. Blinking eyes indicate Liver wind-heat; straight staring black eyes indicate convulsions; straight staring green eyes with opisthotonos indicate fright. Severe teeth-grinding indicates fright. Foaming and shouting indicates worm pain. Yawning, sneezing, and palpitations indicate sores/rashes. Vomiting/diarrhea with lethargy and exposed eyes indicates Spleen deficiency heat; vomiting/diarrhea with lethargy and closed eyes indicates Stomach excess heat. Fever with thirst indicates internal heat; fever without thirst indicates external heat. Urinary retention leads to distension over time.
Thick, hot saliva/phlegm/blood indicates heat; cold saliva/phlegm indicates dampness; foam, white phlegm, green water indicates Stomach deficiency cold. Yellow/red/black stool indicates Spleen/Stomach heat-toxin. Deep yellow urine may lead to hematuria. Heart pain with vomiting water indicates worm pain; heart pain without vomiting water indicates cold pain. Preference for hot foods, stomach injury, or stagnant blood causing pain are also possible. Yawning with red face indicates wind-heat; yawning with green face indicates fright-wind; yawning with yellow face indicates Spleen deficiency fright; yawning with drowsiness indicates internal heat; yawning with hot breath indicates Cold Damage; yawning with rapid breathing indicates Wind Injury; yawning with chest oppression indicates smallpox; yawning in chronic illness indicates separation of Yin and Yang. Tongue protrusion indicates slight Spleen heat; drinking water immediately indicates Spleen/Stomach deficiency with low fluids, not to be treated hastily as heat. Tongue protrusion after severe illness is ominous. Red eyes indicate Liver accumulated heat; daytime drowsiness indicates Spleen accumulated heat; coughing/yawning indicates Stomach accumulated heat; gum disease/foul breath indicates milk-food toxicity. Tortoise chest indicates long-standing Lung wind-heat; tortoise back indicates external wind injuring Lung; folded ears indicate Kidney damp-heat rising. Sleeping with open mouth indicates excessive poison in the Five Zang. Warm breath while sleeping, preference for prone position, and upward eye rolling/teeth-grinding indicate Heart heat, as Heart heat causes chest heat, seeking coolness. Preference for supine position with warm breath indicates Heart Qi excess allowing free flow.
Red eyes indicate Heart heat; pale red indicates Heart deficiency heat; green indicates Liver heat; light green indicates Liver deficiency heat; yellow indicates Spleen heat; light yellow indicates Spleen deficiency heat; lack of luster indicates Kidney deficiency. Lack of luster after illness, resembling fog, indicates death. Craving cloth/silk indicates Lung worms; craving charcoal indicates Liver worms; craving salt indicates Kidney worms; craving dirt indicates Spleen worms. Frequent eating with hunger indicates Excess Fire; hunger with little eating indicates Deficient Fire. Foul breath and swollen lips indicate Spleen/Stomach heat excess. Sores on limbs indicate Spleen damp-fire. Thirst alternating with diarrhea indicates Stomach fire. Hoarse voice and coarse breathing indicate Lung deficiency. Bilateral cheek redness indicates sudden wind-heat; emaciation indicates internal bone-steaming heat. Desire for cold and company indicates Fu organ disease; desire for warmth and isolation indicates Zang organ disease. These external signs are the primary focus of inspection methods.