眼上赤脉,下贯瞳人(水火困绝);囟门肿起,兼及作坑(心绝)。鼻干黑燥(肺绝),肚大青筋(脾绝,
气不荣;)目多直视(五脏俱绝),睹不转睛(止注)。指甲黑色(肝绝),忽作哑声(气有出无入,脉绝也);
虚舌退场门(心绝),啮齿咬人(肾绝)。鱼口气急(口如鱼呷水之状,是气急肺绝),啼不作声(肺绝);
蛔虫既出(消食虫是脾胃冷热皆出来),必是死形。
飧泄手足寒难已,手足温易已。凡病困,汗出如珠不流者,死;头毛皆上逆者,死;唇口干、目皮反、
口中气冷、手足四垂、其卧如缚、掌中冷者,死。
养子须调护,看承莫纵驰;乳多终损胃。食壅即伤脾,被浓非为益,衣单正所宜;无风频见日,寒暑顺天
时。
初生三五月,宜绷缚令卧,勿竖头抱出;六个月方可与稀粥,亦不可将乳同吃;五岁方可吃荤腥。养子
十法∶一要背暖,二要肚暖,三要足暖,四要头凉,五要心胸凉,六要勿见异物,七脾胃常要温,八啼未定勿
便饮乳,九勿服轻粉、朱砂,十少洗浴。
大半胎毒,小半内伤乳食,十分之一外感风寒。大率属脾与肝。多因脾胃娇嫩,乳食伤精,则生湿,湿生
痰,痰生火,湿热结滞而然。且真水未旺,心火独炎,故肺金受制,肝常有余,脾肾不足。
眼睛上方出现赤色血脉,向下贯穿瞳孔(这是水火之气困竭绝断的表现);囟门肿胀突起,甚至凹陷成坑(这是心气绝的表现)。鼻子干燥发黑且燥热(这是肺气绝的表现),腹部胀大且青筋暴露(这是脾气绝的表现,因气不能荣养所致);眼睛多呈直视状态(这是五脏之气俱绝的表现),眼球固定不转动(这是精气注散的表现)。指甲变黑(这是肝气绝的表现),突然发出哑声(这是气只出不入,脉气绝断的表现);舌头虚软松弛脱出口外(这是心气绝的表现),咬牙或咬人(这是肾气绝的表现)。呼吸急促如鱼嘴开合状(口像鱼吸水一样喘气,这是气急且肺气绝的表现),啼哭却发不出声音(这是肺气绝的表现);蛔虫已经排出(消食虫是因为脾胃冷热失调而排出的),必定是死症。
飧泄(完谷不化的腹泻)且手足寒冷难以治愈,如果手足温暖则容易治愈。凡是病情危重时,出汗像珍珠一样圆润但不流动(绝汗),是死证;头发全部向上逆立的,是死证;嘴唇和口干裂、眼睑皮肤翻转、口中呼出冷气、四肢下垂、躺卧时身体僵硬如同被捆绑、手掌冰冷的,都是死证。
养育婴儿必须精心调护,看护不可放纵懈怠;乳汁过多最终会损伤胃气。食物积滞就会伤害脾脏,穿着过厚并非有益,衣着单薄反而适宜;没有风的时候经常晒太阳,寒暑变化顺应天时。
出生前三五个月,应该用布带捆缚让婴儿平卧,不要竖抱头部使其直立;六个月才可以给予稀粥,也不可将乳汁与粥同吃;五岁才可以吃荤腥食物。养育婴儿的十种方法:一要背部温暖,二要腹部温暖,三要足部温暖,四要头部凉爽,五要心胸部位凉爽,六不要让婴儿看见怪异事物,七脾胃要经常保持温热,八啼哭未定之时不要立即喂奶,九不要服用轻粉、朱砂等药物,十减少洗澡次数。
胎毒占大半原因,内伤乳食占小半原因,外感风寒占十分之一。大体上属于脾和肝的问题。多因为脾胃娇嫩,乳食损伤精气,从而产生湿气,湿气生痰,痰生火,湿热结滞而导致疾病。而且真水(肾阴)尚未旺盛,心火独自炎上,所以肺金受到制约,肝气常有余,脾肾不足。
Red vessels appear on the upper eyelids, extending downward through the pupil (indicating the exhaustion and severance of Water and Fire Qi); the fontanelle swells and protrudes, or even sinks into a pit (indicating Heart Qi exhaustion). The nose is dry, black, and parched (indicating Lung Qi exhaustion); the abdomen is distended with visible blue veins (indicating Spleen Qi exhaustion, due to Qi failing to nourish); the eyes are mostly fixed in a staring gaze (indicating exhaustion of all Five Zang organs), with eyes fixed and unable to turn (indicating scattering of Jing essence). The fingernails turn black (indicating Liver Qi exhaustion); suddenly becoming mute (indicating Qi exits but does not enter, and pulse Qi is exhausted); the tongue hangs loose and protrudes from the mouth (indicating Heart Qi exhaustion); grinding teeth or biting people (indicating Kidney Qi exhaustion). Breathing is rapid and gasping like a fish opening its mouth (mouth moving like a fish sucking water, indicating rapid breathing and Lung Qi exhaustion); crying without making sound (indicating Lung Qi exhaustion); Ascaris worms have been expelled (digestive parasites are expelled due to cold-heat imbalance in the Spleen and Stomach), which must be a fatal condition.
Sund diarrhea (diarrhea with undigested food) accompanied by cold hands and feet is difficult to cure; if hands and feet are warm, it is easy to cure. In any critical illness, sweating that forms beads like pearls but does not flow (Jue sweat) indicates death; hair standing completely upright indicates death; dry lips and mouth, everted eyelid skin, cold breath from the mouth, limbs hanging down stiffly, lying rigid as if bound, and cold palms indicate death.
Infants require careful nursing; supervision must not be lax or negligent; excessive milk ultimately damages the Stomach Qi. Food stagnation injures the Spleen; thick clothing is not beneficial, while light clothing is appropriate; when there is no wind, frequent sun exposure is good; follow the natural seasons regarding cold and heat.
For the first three to five months after birth, the infant should be swaddled to lie flat; do not hold them upright supporting the head; at six months, thin porridge may be given, but milk should not be consumed simultaneously with porridge; meat and strong flavors may be introduced at five years of age. Ten methods for raising infants: 1. Keep the back warm; 2. Keep the abdomen warm; 3. Keep the feet warm; 4. Keep the head cool; 5. Keep the chest and heart area cool; 6. Do not expose to strange objects; 7. Keep the Spleen and Stomach constantly warm; 8. Do not feed immediately while crying is unsettled; 9. Do not administer Qingfen (Calomel) or Zhusha (Cinnabar); 10. Bathe infrequently.
Fetal toxin accounts for the majority of causes; internal injury from milk and food accounts for a small portion; external contraction of Wind-Cold accounts for one-tenth. Generally, these conditions belong to the Spleen and Liver. It is often due to the tenderness of the Spleen and Stomach; milk and food damage Jing essence, generating Dampness; Dampness generates Phlegm; Phlegm generates Fire; resulting from the binding and stagnation of Damp-Heat. Moreover, True Water (Kidney Yin) is not yet vigorous, while Heart Fire flares independently; thus, Lung Metal is constrained, Liver Qi is often in excess, and Spleen and Kidney are deficient.