肝（川芎） 心（细辛） 脾（升麻） 肺（防风） 肾（独活） 胃（升麻） 大肠（白芷） 小肠（ 本）
三焦（黄 ） 膀胱（羌活）
以上诸药，发散风寒，升散郁火，兼治表湿之剂。此古庵正药也。
即《汤液》寒沉藏也。古庵云∶治热以寒，寒药属阴，故治热多阴药。又郁火宜发散，宜用风门药，火郁
则发之，升阳散火也。夫热燥皆属阳，宜与治燥门通看。
黄芩
黄芩苦味枯飘者，泻肺除风热在肌，坚者大肠除热用，膀胱得助化源宜。
芩，金也，黄色，应秋金也。气寒。无毒。可升可降，阴也，入手太阴经。中空而烂者名腐肠，泻肺受
火邪气逆，消膈上痰热及胃中湿热黄胆。中破而飘者名宿芩，泻肺痰火，利气，除时行风湿热邪在表，寒热往
来，诸疮乳痈，背发疔肿火疡，用之排脓。一切上部实热痰热积血，假此降散。细实直而坚者名条芩，泻大肠
火，逐水消谷，止热泻下痢脓血、腹痛后重，养阴退阳。细实圆而坚者名子芩，去膀胱热，滋化源，利小肠，
治五淋小腹绞痛，及女子血闭下血。又安胎者，由其能降上中二焦之火，使之下行也。故曰得浓朴、黄连止腹
痛；得五味子，牡蒙、牡蛎令人有子；得黄 、白蔹、赤小豆疗鼠 ；得川芎调平心血，心平而热自退，血不
妄行矣。酒炒上行，便炒下行，寻常生用。山茱萸、龙骨为使，恶葱实，畏丹砂、牡丹、藜芦。
栀子
栀子苦寒泻肺火，更除胃热心烦 ，目赤鼻衄身发黄，止痢通淋消癞颗。
形似酒栀。味薄。无毒。阴中阳也，入手太阴经。易老云∶轻浮而象肺，色赤而象火，故泻肺中之火。
又除胃热呕哕发黄，及亡血亡津、中干内热。仲景治伤寒心下懊 、癫狂不得眠，用此吐之。因邪盛拒而不纳，
吐则邪得以出，其实栀子非吐药，惟治心中烦闷耳。兼治风痰头眩，目赤面赤，鼻衄鼻 ，止痢通淋，白癞赤癞
诸疮疡，亦泻肺心火耳。本经谓解大小
肠热，肺清而气自顺化。治发黄者，亦除胃湿热耳。近有治阴火用童便炒黑，谓其能益少阴经血；得故纸能滋
阴降火，清上固下，性虽寒而带补。《衍义》曰∶屈曲下行，降火开郁，能治块中之火。东垣云∶治脐下血滞
结而不得小便。又曰∶凉心肾。是药乃上中下美剂，要之皆泻肺火，调肺气，滋肺源耳。紧小七棱者良。用
仁去心胸热，用皮云肌表热，寻常生用。虚火童便炒七次至黑色。
沙参
沙参性寒甘苦味，能除表热与胃痹，卒疝恶疮身浮痒，散血积兮补阴气。
生砂地，叶似枸杞，根如葵，筋大外赤黄内白，一名白参，出华州者良。无毒。主肌表间热，头痛寒热，
胃痹心腹痛结热，卒得疝气下坠绞痛，一切恶疮疥癣，浮风身痒，散血分积，养肝之功居多，常欲眠而多惊烦
者最宜，故曰厥阴本药也。兼泻肺热，能补五脏之阴，亦随各脏引至。易老常以此代人参，取其甘也。米泔浸
晒。恶防己，反藜芦。
玄参
玄参咸苦气微寒，清神气泻无根火，风寒身热疟昏狂，肾伤腹块颈核瘰。
黑参也。无毒。易老云∶枢机之剂，常领诸气上下整肃而不浊，治空中氤氲之气，三焦无根之火，肾伤
必用之，本经君药也。治暴中风寒，身热支满，狂邪忽忽不知人。温疟洒洒，胸中多气，烦渴火肿者，皆浊气
为之也。补内伤肾气，明目强阴益精，乃敷尸颈上有核，腹中有块，骨蒸惊悸健忘，一切痈肿瘰 ，头风喉
痹，热毒游风，皆痰火聚为之也。又治妇人产后余疾，血 血瘕，名曰圣药宜哉！水洗蒲叶隔蒸，或酒蒸亦好。
恶干姜、黄 、大枣、山茱萸，反藜芦，极忌铜铁。
丹参
丹参苦寒治热狂，主 痼结水鸣肠，头目腰脚诸疮毒，胎经崩带益妇娘。
赤参也。无毒。治风邪留热狂闷及冷热劳热，主破 瘕，心腹痼疾。邪气入肠鸣如走水，头痛目赤，骨
节痛腰脊强，四肢不遂，风脚软痛者，单用浸酒服之。可逐奔马，故又名奔马草。恶疮瘿瘤肿毒，排脓止痛生
肌，安生胎，落死胎，止血崩带下，调经脉不匀，益气养血，通利关脉，去旧生新之剂也。茎方棱青色，叶相
对似薄荷有毛，一苗数根，根赤大如指，长尺余，处处有之，十月采根，酒洗晒干。畏咸水，反藜芦。
紫参
紫参味苦辛气寒，除大热伏肠胃间，治痢通经诸血疾，破积消痈利窍关。
叶似羊蹄，紫花青穗，皮紫黑，肉红白，肉浅皮深，实黑大如豆，所在有之，一名牡蒙。无毒。主肠胃大
热，唾血衄血，肠中聚血。仲景以甘草佐之而治痢，《局方》用以通妇人经脉。《本经》云∶主心腹积聚，寒
热邪气，痈肿诸疮，皆以其通九窍，利大小便也。三月采根，火炙令紫色。畏辛夷。
前胡
前胡无毒亦苦寒，主治时内联外热，下气消痰清头目，安胎治疳破 结。
苗比柴胡先生。主伤寒时气，内外俱热，半表里证，痰满胸胁中痞，心腹结气，头目昏痛，骨节烦疼，
咳喘呕吐寒热。《日华》又谓能安胎及小儿疳气，破 结，开胃进食者，总皆消痰下气，推陈致新也。水洗刮
去黑皮并芦，或用竹沥浸润晒干。半夏为使，恶皂荚，畏藜芦。
白前
白前气味甘辛平，善保肺气嗽有情，胸胁烦闷气冲上，不眠喉作水鸡声。
色白，苗类前胡，根似白薇、细辛。保肺清肺，气嗽久嗽多用，以温药相佐尤佳。主胸胁烦闷，气逆上
冲，呼吸欲绝不得眠，喉中常作水鸡声。《日华》用治奔豚上气烦闷。甘草水浸，去头须，焙干。
桔梗
桔梗苦辛提气血，头目鼻咽皆肺热，胸胁
腹肠多有痰，又定惊痫排疮疖。
桔，结也；梗，绠也，其文缔结如绠也。气微温。小毒。浮而升，阴中阳也，手太阴引经药。《衍义》
谓其开提气血。凡气血药中宜用，载诸药不致下沉，为舟楫之剂。主肺热气促，嗽逆脓血寒热，肺痿肺痈，及
头目不清，鼻塞鼻衄，口疮牙风，喉痹咽肿，胸胁痛如刀刺，腹满积块，肠鸣下痢，中冷食不消，霍乱转筋，
皆气凝血滞痰壅也。兼定大人惊恐风痹，小儿客忤惊痫，一切疮疖痈疽在表实证，假此引药行上行表。抑论本
草云补气血，又曰养血补内漏。许旌阳谓其能升水降火。愚亦谓其有桔槔之义，故仲景用治少阴咽痛咽干。然
则《衍义》所谓能开散气血凝滞，而痰亦疏通，能升提行上行表，而升中有降，故丹溪曰∶惟下虚及怒气上升
者不宜。去头及两畔附枝，米泔浸一宿，焙干，节皮为使。畏白芨、龙眼、龙胆。与牡蛎、远志同用疗恚怒，
与石膏、葱白同用能升气于至阴之下，与硝黄同用能引至胞中至高之分，利五脏肠胃。又有一种甜桔梗，即荠
根，足以乱人参。见后卷。
百部
百部微温味苦甘，主除肺热气上炎，暴嗽久嗽单煎蜜，杀虫伐瘵又治疳。
言其根多部队成百然。无毒。主肺热咳嗽上气，能润肺去肺中虫。一切暴嗽久嗽劳嗽，俱宜捣汁与蜜等分
煎膏含咽。故东垣曰∶治肺热而咳嗽立止是也。又治疳蛔传尸，骨蒸劳虫，杀寸白虫、蛲虫；亦去虱，煮汤洗
牛犬虱即去。并治一切树木蛀虫，烬之亦杀蝇蠓。去心酒洗炒，或晒干。
桑白皮
桑（白）皮甘涩寒无毒，泻肺客热嗽痰红，去肺邪水消浮满，益肺元气主伤中。
桑字从 从木，众手采取之形。叶可食蚕，根皮入药，入手太阴经。泻肺客热有余，喘嗽烦渴，痰中见红，
去肺中邪水，浮肿腹满利水道，益肺元气不足。内伤羸瘦崩中脉绝，兼去寸白虫。作线可缝金疮，更以热鸡血
涂之。采土内东行嫩根去骨，铜刀刮去薄皮，勿令皮上涎落，利水生用，咳嗽蜜蒸或炒。出土者杀人。续断、
桂心、麻子为使，忌铁与铅。桑皮中白汁，主小儿口疮及鹅口舌上生疮，敷之神效。又涂刀伤燥痛，须臾血止，
更剥白皮裹之，令汁入疮中良。蛇咬，蜈蚣、蜘蛛毒敷之效。桑叶，主除寒热风痛、霍乱腹痛，盐捣敷治蛇虫
蜈蚣咬，遍身汗出，乘露采叶，焙为末，空心米饮下二钱。桑枝平，细锉炒香，水煎浓汁服之，疗偏体风痒干
燥，香港脚风气拘挛，肺嗽口干，利小便，久服轻身，聪明耳目，令人光泽，暑月遇渴即饮。一学士常病两臂痛，
诸药不效，服此寻愈，凡服一月见效。桑耳，味甘。有毒。黑者主女子漏下赤白，血痛 瘕，阴痛无子；黄熟
陈白者，止久泄益气；金色者，治癖饮、积聚、腹痛、金疮。桑椹晒干捣末，蜜丸服。止消渴，治金石发热。
山豆根
山豆根甘寒解毒，急黄热嗽用宜先，咽喉肿痛含津咽，五痔头疮和水研。
生于山，其实如豆。川产者佳。善解诸药毒、蛊毒、寸白虫，治五般急黄、发热咳嗽，空心水调二钱服。
喉痹口含一片咽津，五痔磨水研服，头上秃疮白屑以水研敷，或油调末涂。兼治齿痛，赤白痢腹胀喘闷，或蜜
为丸，或水煎服。蜘蛛犬蛇咬，并水研敷。
青黛
青黛甘咸性气寒，收五脏火尤泻肝，消食解毒消疮肿，能治儿疳病百般。
青色，古用以画眉，故曰黛，即靛花也。无毒。能收五脏郁火，尤泻肝火，消食积，解诸药毒。摩敷热
疮恶肿、金疮下血、蛇犬等咬，小儿惊痫，发热毛焦，鼻干皮枯，面黄肢瘦，腹胀泻痢，百般疳证，效。
蓝实
蓝实甘寒苦杀 ，解毒解结最适宜，叶主热狂并吐血，解毒杀虫更出奇。
蓝字从监，月令仲夏无刈蓝，以伤生长之气；实，子也。无毒。主小儿 病鬼疰，解经络中结气及败血。
叶汁，主天行热狂烦躁，吐血衄血，赤眼及小儿壮热、疳热、丹热，游风热肿疔肿头秃，一切热毒。解诸药毒，
箭毒，金疮血闷，产后血晕。杀鳖瘕虫蛇伤，蜘蛛蜂螫毒，捣汁一碗，入雄黄、麝香少许，点咬处，或细服之。
又治噎病不下食有虫者，单服其汁，虫化为水。真青布烧灰，敷恶疮经年不瘥，灸疮出血，令不中风。
以上治上焦热药。
黄连
黄连苦寒清心胃，目赤口疮胸痞滞，热呕热痢热毒疮，妇阴肿痛儿疳气。
黄，晃也，象日光色也；连珠而生，上草也。无毒。味浓气薄，阴中阳也，入手少阴经。火就燥也，然泻心
实泻脾胃，子令母实。心火因脾湿热而盛，故目为中焦使。药酒浸炒，则上行头目口舌；姜汁炒，辛散冲热有
功，消心下痞满，伏梁积。热郁中焦欲吐不吐，恶心嘈杂吞酸，惊悸健忘，或卒心痛，热呕热泻热痢。一切湿
热形瘦气急，一切时行热毒暑毒，诸般恶毒秽毒，诸疮疡毒，俱以姜和其寒，而少变其性，不使热有 牾也。
生用治实火斑狂烦渴。吴萸水炒，调胃浓肠，治冷热不调，久痢久泻，肠 腹痛下血，益胆镇肝，止血行滞。
黄土炒，治食积，安蛔虫，小儿疳病有虫好食泥土。盐水炒治下焦伏火，妇人阴中肿痛。心去，疗下焦虚，坚
肾。《日华》云∶治五劳七伤，皆泻南补北之谓也。丹溪谓黄连治病，清心胃也。肠胃有寒及伤寒下早。阴虚
下血及损脾而血不归元者，皆不可用。黄芩、龙骨为使，恶菊花、芫花、玄参，畏款冬花，胜乌头，解巴豆毒，
忌猪肉、冷水。单方∶治小儿鼻下两道赤，名曰 鼻疳，以米泔洗，用黄连末敷之。
胡黄连
胡黄连苦性亦平，伤寒咳嗽疟骨蒸，补肝明目理腰肾，主儿疳痢镇痫惊。
出胡地。无毒。主伤寒发热咳嗽，劳复身热，大小便赤如血，温疟骨蒸，内伤五心烦热。补肝胆明目，
理腰肾，去阴汗，小儿久痢成疳，惊痫寒热。兼治妇人胎蒸虚惊。外黄内黑，折之尘出如烟者真。恶菊花、
玄参，忌猪肉。
连翘
连翘苦寒散心火，脾经湿热特轻可，排脓消肿用作君，治血通淋为之左。
片片连合如鸟尾。无毒。浮而升，阳也，手足少阳阳明经药。入手少阴经，散心经火郁客热，降脾胃湿热，
专能排脓消肿，瘰 瘿瘤、痈肿恶疮不可缺也。治血证实者，与黄连同为中焦佐使，防风为上使，地榆为下使
也。兼利月经。通五淋，消蛊毒，诸证皆心火凝滞而成。此药气味俱轻，而能散火解郁，虚者慎用。小儿诸疮
客热最宜，去穣。根名连轺，苦寒，《本经》不见注，惟仲景伤寒用治身热发黄。
葛根
葛根甘平善解肌，阳明头额痛乃宜，呕渴疟痢酒毒解，痹风胁痛亦能医。
葛，革也，藤也可为 络也。无毒。浮而微降，阳中阴也，足阳明经药。善解肌发汗，目痛鼻干，身前大
热，烦闷欲狂，头额痛者阳明证也，可及时用之。若太阳穴痛而用此，是引邪传入阳明也。止呕吐干呕不息，
生津止渴者，能升胃气，除胃热故也。胃虚者少用。治热毒血痢，温疟往来，解酒毒、诸菜毒、诸药毒、野葛巴
豆毒。诸风 痹，风胁痛用之，胃阳升而邪自散也。兼通小便，排脓破血止血，故金疮家亦用之，着箭毒，
敷蛇虫咬，亦验。五月采入土深者，去皮晒干用。生根汁大寒，治天行时病，壮热烦渴，热毒吐血，及妊娠热
病心闷，小儿胎热；叶主金疮止血；葛壳，主下痢，十岁以上；花主消酒，并小豆花干末服方寸匕，饮酒不知
醉；葛粉甘寒，主压丹石，解鸠毒，水调三合，去烦热，利大小便，止渴。取粉以冬月采生葛，于水中揉出粉，
肝（川芎） 心（细辛） 脾（升麻） 肺（防风） 肾（独活） 胃（升麻） 大肠（白芷） 小肠（藁本）
三焦（黄芩） 膀胱（羌活）
以上这些药物，具有发散风寒、升散郁火的作用，兼治表湿的方剂。这是古庵推崇的正药。
这也就是《汤液经法》中的寒沉藏方。古庵说：治疗热证用寒药，寒药属阴，所以治疗热证多用阴药。另外，郁火适宜发散，应该使用风门药，即“火郁则发之”，通过升阳来散火。热和燥都属阳，应该与治燥门的内容一起参考。
黄芩
味苦、质地枯松的黄芩，能泻肺除风热在肌表；质地坚硬的用于大肠除热；膀胱得其帮助可化生源头。
芩，属金，色黄，对应秋季的金气。气寒。无毒。可升可降，属阴，入手太阴肺经。中空且腐烂的叫腐肠，用于泻肺受火邪气逆，消除膈上痰热及胃中湿热黄疸。中间破裂且疏松的叫宿芩，用于泻肺痰火，利气，去除时行风湿热邪在体表，治疗寒热往来，各种疮疡乳痈，背部疔肿火疡，用它来排脓。一切上部实热、痰热、积血，借此降散。细小坚实直而硬的是条芩，用于泻大肠火，逐水消谷，止热泻下痢脓血、腹痛后重，养阴退阳。细小坚实圆而硬的是子芩，去除膀胱热，滋生化源，利小肠，治疗五淋小腹绞痛，以及女子血闭下血。又能安胎，是因为它能降上中二焦之火，使其下行。所以说得浓朴、黄连可止腹痛；得五味子、牡蒙、牡蛎可让人有子；得黄芪、白蔹、赤小豆可治疗鼠瘘；得川芎可调平心血，心平而热自退，血不妄行。酒炒则上行，便炒则下行，寻常生用。山茱萸、龙骨为使药，恶葱实，畏丹砂、牡丹、藜芦。
栀子
栀子苦寒泻肺火，更除胃热心烦，目赤鼻衄身发黄，止痢通淋消癞颗。
形状像酒栀。味薄。无毒。阴中之阳，入手太阴肺经。易老说：轻浮而象肺，色赤而象火，所以泻肺中之火。
又除胃热呕哕发黄，以及亡血亡津、中干内热。仲景治疗伤寒心中懊憹、癫狂不得眠，用此药催吐。因为邪盛拒而不纳，吐则邪得以出，其实栀子并非吐药，只治疗心中烦闷。兼治风痰头眩，目赤面赤，鼻衄鼻渊，止痢通淋，白癞赤癞各种疮疡，也是泻肺心火罢了。《本经》说解大小肠热，肺清而气自然顺化。治疗发黄者，也是除胃湿热罢了。近来有人治疗阴火用童便炒黑，说它能益少阴经血；得故纸能滋阴降火，清上固下，性虽寒而带补。《衍义》说：屈曲下行，降火开郁，能治块中之火。东垣说：治疗脐下血滞结而不得小便。又说：凉心肾。这药是上中下美剂，总之都是泻肺火，调肺气，滋肺源耳。紧小七棱者良。用仁去心胸热，用皮治肌表热，寻常生用。虚火用童便炒七次至黑色。
沙参
沙参性寒甘苦味，能除表热与胃痹，卒疝恶疮身浮痒，散血积兮补阴气。
生于砂地，叶似枸杞，根如葵，筋大外赤黄内白，一名白参，出华州者良。无毒。主肌表间热，头痛寒热，胃痹心腹痛结热，卒得疝气下坠绞痛，一切恶疮疥癣，浮风身痒，散血分积，养肝之功居多，常欲眠而多惊烦者最宜，所以说它是厥阴本药。兼泻肺热，能补五脏之阴，也随各脏引至。易老常以此代人参，取其甘也。米泔浸晒。恶防己，反藜芦。
玄参
玄参咸苦气微寒，清神气泻无根火，风寒身热疟昏狂，肾伤腹块颈核瘰。
黑参也。无毒。易老说：枢机之剂，常领诸气上下整肃而不浊，治空中氤氲之气，三焦无根之火，肾伤必用之，本经君药也。治暴中风寒，身热支满，狂邪忽忽不知人。温疟洒洒，胸中多气，烦渴火肿者，皆浊气为之也。补内伤肾气，明目强阴益精，乃敷尸颈上有核，腹中有块，骨蒸惊悸健忘，一切痈肿瘰疬，头风喉痹，热毒游风，皆痰火聚为之也。又治妇人产后余疾，血瘀血瘕，名曰圣药宜哉！水洗蒲叶隔蒸，或酒蒸亦好。恶干姜、黄芪、大枣、山茱萸，反藜芦，极忌铜铁。
丹参
丹参苦寒治热狂，主癥瘕结水鸣肠，头目腰脚诸疮毒，胎经崩带益妇娘。
赤参也。无毒。治风邪留热狂闷及冷热劳热，主破癥瘕，心腹痼疾。邪气入肠鸣如走水，头痛目赤，骨节痛腰脊强，四肢不遂，风脚软痛者，单用浸酒服之。可逐奔马，故又名奔马草。恶疮瘿瘤肿毒，排脓止痛生肌，安生胎，落死胎，止血崩带下，调经脉不匀，益气养血，通利关脉，去旧生新之剂也。茎方棱青色，叶相对似薄荷有毛，一苗数根，根赤大如指，长尺余，处处有之，十月采根，酒洗晒干。畏咸水，反藜芦。
紫参
紫参味苦辛气寒，除大热伏肠胃间，治痢通经诸血疾，破积消痈利窍关。
叶似羊蹄，紫花青穗，皮紫黑，肉红白，肉浅皮深，实黑大如豆，所在有之，一名牡蒙。无毒。主肠胃大热，唾血衄血，肠中聚血。仲景以甘草佐之而治痢，《局方》用以通妇人经脉。《本经》云：主心腹积聚，寒热邪气，痈肿诸疮，皆以其通九窍，利大小便也。三月采根，火炙令紫色。畏辛夷。
前胡
前胡无毒亦苦寒，主治时内联外热，下气消痰清头目，安胎治疳破结。
苗比柴胡先生。主伤寒时气，内外俱热，半表里证，痰满胸胁中痞，心腹结气，头目昏痛，骨节烦疼，咳喘呕吐寒热。《日华》又谓能安胎及小儿疳气，破结，开胃进食者，总皆消痰下气，推陈致新也。水洗刮去黑皮并芦，或用竹沥浸润晒干。半夏为使，恶皂荚，畏藜芦。
白前
白前气味甘辛平，善保肺气嗽有情，胸胁烦闷气冲上，不眠喉作水鸡声。
色白，苗类前胡，根似白薇、细辛。保肺清肺，气嗽久嗽多用，以温药相佐尤佳。主胸胁烦闷，气逆上冲，呼吸欲绝不得眠，喉中常作水鸡声。《日华》用治奔豚上气烦闷。甘草水浸，去头须，焙干。
桔梗
桔梗苦辛提气血，头目鼻咽皆肺热，胸胁腹肠多有痰，又定惊痫排疮疖。
桔，结也；梗，绠也，其文缔结如绠也。气微温。小毒。浮而升，阴中阳也，手太阴引经药。《衍义》谓其开提气血。凡气血药中宜用，载诸药不致下沉，为舟楫之剂。主肺热气促，嗽逆脓血寒热，肺痿肺痈，及头目不清，鼻塞鼻衄，口疮牙风，喉痹咽肿，胸胁痛如刀刺，腹满积块，肠鸣下痢，中冷食不消，霍乱转筋，皆气凝血滞痰壅也。兼定大人惊恐风痹，小儿客忤惊痫，一切疮疖痈疽在表实证，假此引药行上行表。抑论本草云补气血，又曰养血补内漏。许旌阳谓其能升水降火。愚亦谓其有桔槔之义，故仲景用治少阴咽痛咽干。然则《衍义》所谓能开散气血凝滞，而痰亦疏通，能升提行上行表，而升中有降，故丹溪曰：惟下虚及怒气上升者不宜。去头及两畔附枝，米泔浸一宿，焙干，节皮为使。畏白芨、龙眼、龙胆。与牡蛎、远志同用疗恚怒，与石膏、葱白同用能升气于至阴之下，与硝黄同用能引至胞中至高之分，利五脏肠胃。又有一种甜桔梗，即荠根，足以乱人参。见后卷。
百部
百部微温味苦甘，主除肺热气上炎，暴嗽久嗽单煎蜜，杀虫伐瘵又治疳。
言其根多部队成百然。无毒。主肺热咳嗽上气，能润肺去肺中虫。一切暴嗽久嗽劳嗽，俱宜捣汁与蜜等分煎膏含咽。故东垣曰：治肺热而咳嗽立止是也。又治疳蛔传尸，骨蒸劳虫，杀寸白虫、蛲虫；亦去虱，煮汤洗牛犬虱即去。并治一切树木蛀虫，烬之亦杀蝇蠓。去心酒洗炒，或晒干。
桑白皮
桑（白）皮甘涩寒无毒，泻肺客热嗽痰红，去肺邪水消浮满，益肺元气主伤中。
桑字从众从木，众手采取之形。叶可食蚕，根皮入药，入手太阴经。泻肺客热有余，喘嗽烦渴，痰中见红，去肺中邪水，浮肿腹满利水道，益肺元气不足。内伤羸瘦崩中脉绝，兼去寸白虫。作线可缝金疮，更以热鸡血涂之。采土内东行嫩根去骨，铜刀刮去薄皮，勿令皮上涎落，利水生用，咳嗽蜜蒸或炒。出土者杀人。续断、桂心、麻子为使，忌铁与铅。桑皮中白汁，主小儿口疮及鹅口舌上生疮，敷之神效。又涂刀伤燥痛，须臾血止，更剥白皮裹之，令汁入疮中良。蛇咬，蜈蚣、蜘蛛毒敷之效。桑叶，主除寒热风痛、霍乱腹痛，盐捣敷治蛇虫蜈蚣咬，遍身汗出，乘露采叶，焙为末，空心米饮下二钱。桑枝平，细锉炒香，水煎浓汁服之，疗偏体风痒干燥，香港脚风气拘挛，肺嗽口干，利小便，久服轻身，聪明耳目，令人光泽，暑月遇渴即饮。一学士常病两臂痛，诸药不效，服此寻愈，凡服一月见效。桑耳，味甘。有毒。黑者主女子漏下赤白，血痛瘕，阴痛无子；黄熟陈白者，止久泄益气；金色者，治癖饮、积聚、腹痛、金疮。桑椹晒干捣末，蜜丸服。止消渴，治金石发热。
山豆根
山豆根甘寒解毒，急黄热嗽用宜先，咽喉肿痛含津咽，五痔头疮和水研。
生于山，其实如豆。川产者佳。善解诸药毒、蛊毒、寸白虫，治五般急黄、发热咳嗽，空心水调二钱服。喉痹口含一片咽津，五痔磨水研服，头上秃疮白屑以水研敷，或油调末涂。兼治齿痛，赤白痢腹胀喘闷，或蜜为丸，或水煎服。蜘蛛犬蛇咬，并水研敷。
青黛
青黛甘咸性气寒，收五脏火尤泻肝，消食解毒消疮肿，能治儿疳病百般。
青色，古用以画眉，故曰黛，即靛花也。无毒。能收五脏郁火，尤泻肝火，消食积，解诸药毒。摩敷热疮恶肿、金疮下血、蛇犬等咬，小儿惊痫，发热毛焦，鼻干皮枯，面黄肢瘦，腹胀泻痢，百般疳证，效。
蓝实
蓝实甘寒苦杀 ，解毒解结最适宜，叶主热狂并吐血，解毒杀虫更出奇。
蓝字从监，月令仲夏无刈蓝，以伤生长之气；实，子也。无毒。主小儿 病鬼疰，解经络中结气及败血。叶汁，主天行热狂烦躁，吐血衄血，赤眼及小儿壮热、疳热、丹热，游风热肿疔肿头秃，一切热毒。解诸药毒，箭毒，金疮血闷，产后血晕。杀鳖瘕虫蛇伤，蜘蛛蜂螫毒，捣汁一碗，入雄黄、麝香少许，点咬处，或细服之。又治噎病不下食有虫者，单服其汁，虫化为水。真青布烧灰，敷恶疮经年不瘥，灸疮出血，令不中风。
以上是治疗上焦热的药物。
黄连
黄连苦寒清心胃，目赤口疮胸痞滞，热呕热痢热毒疮，妇阴肿痛儿疳气。
黄，晃也，象日光色也；连珠而生，上草也。无毒。味浓气薄，阴中阳也，入手少阴经。火就燥也，然泻心实泻脾胃，子令母实。心火因脾湿热而盛，故目为中焦使。药酒浸炒，则上行头目口舌；姜汁炒，辛散冲热有功，消心下痞满，伏梁积。热郁中焦欲吐不吐，恶心嘈杂吞酸，惊悸健忘，或卒心痛，热呕热泻热痢。一切湿热形瘦气急，一切时行热毒暑毒，诸般恶毒秽毒，诸疮疡毒，俱以姜和其寒，而少变其性，不使热有 牾也。生用治实火斑狂烦渴。吴萸水炒，调胃浓肠，治冷热不调，久痢久泻，肠 腹痛下血，益胆镇肝，止血行滞。黄土炒，治食积，安蛔虫，小儿疳病有虫好食泥土。盐水炒治下焦伏火，妇人阴中肿痛。心去，疗下焦虚，坚肾。《日华》云：治五劳七伤，皆泻南补北之谓也。丹溪谓黄连治病，清心胃也。肠胃有寒及伤寒下早。阴虚下血及损脾而血不归元者，皆不可用。黄芩、龙骨为使，恶菊花、芫花、玄参，畏款冬花，胜乌头，解巴豆毒，忌猪肉、冷水。单方：治小儿鼻下两道赤，名曰 鼻疳，以米泔洗，用黄连末敷之。
胡黄连
胡黄连苦性亦平，伤寒咳嗽疟骨蒸，补肝明目理腰肾，主儿疳痢镇痫惊。
出胡地。无毒。主伤寒发热咳嗽，劳复身热，大小便赤如血，温疟骨蒸，内伤五心烦热。补肝胆明目，理腰肾，去阴汗，小儿久痢成疳，惊痫寒热。兼治妇人胎蒸虚惊。外黄内黑，折之尘出如烟者真。恶菊花、玄参，忌猪肉。
连翘
连翘苦寒散心火，脾经湿热特轻可，排脓消肿用作君，治血通淋为之左。
片片连合如鸟尾。无毒。浮而升，阳也，手足少阳阳明经药。入手少阴经，散心经火郁客热，降脾胃湿热，专能排脓消肿，瘰疬瘿瘤、痈肿恶疮不可缺也。治血证实者，与黄连同为中焦佐使，防风为上使，地榆为下使也。兼利月经。通五淋，消蛊毒，诸证皆心火凝滞而成。此药气味俱轻，而能散火解郁，虚者慎用。小儿诸疮客热最宜，去穣。根名连轺，苦寒，《本经》不见注，惟仲景伤寒用治身热发黄。
葛根
葛根甘平善解肌，阳明头额痛乃宜，呕渴疟痢酒毒解，痹风胁痛亦能医。
葛，革也，藤也可为 络也。无毒。浮而微降，阳中阴也，足阳明经药。善解肌发汗，目痛鼻干，身前大热，烦闷欲狂，头额痛者阳明证也，可及时用之。若太阳穴痛而用此，是引邪传入阳明也。止呕吐干呕不息，生津止渴者，能升胃气，除胃热故也。胃虚者少用。治热毒血痢，温疟往来，解酒毒、诸菜毒、诸药毒、野葛巴豆毒。诸风 痹，风胁痛用之，胃阳升而邪自散也。兼通小便，排脓破血止血，故金疮家亦用之，着箭毒，敷蛇虫咬，亦验。五月采入土深者，去皮晒干用。生根汁大寒，治天行时病，壮热烦渴，热毒吐血，及妊娠热病心闷，小儿胎热；叶主金疮止血；葛壳，主下痢，十岁以上；花主消酒，并小豆花干末服方寸匕，饮酒不知醉；葛粉甘寒，主压丹石，解鸠毒，水调三合，去烦热，利大小便，止渴。取粉以冬月采生葛，于水中揉出粉，
Liver (Chuanxiong Rhizoma) Heart (Asarum Herba) Spleen (Angelicae Pubescentis Radix) Lung (Saposhnikoviae Radix) Kidney (Angelicae Pubescentis Radix) Stomach (Angelicae Pubescentis Radix) Large Intestine (Peucedani Radix) Small Intestine (Ligustici Wallichii Rhizoma et Radix)
Sanjiao (Scutellariae Radix) Bladder (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix)
The above-mentioned herbs are agents that disperse wind-cold, ascend and dissipate constrained fire, and simultaneously treat exterior dampness. These are the principal medicines advocated by Gu An.
This corresponds to the "Han Chen Cang" formula in the *Tangye Jingfa* (Classic of Decoctions). Gu An stated: "To treat heat with cold, since cold herbs belong to Yin, treating heat often involves using Yin herbs." Furthermore, constrained fire is suitable for dispersal; one should use herbs from the Wind Gate section, following the principle "when fire is constrained, it should be dispersed," which involves raising Yang and scattering fire. Heat and dryness both belong to Yang and should be studied in conjunction with the Dryness Treatment section.
Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin)
Scutellariae Radix with a bitter taste and loose texture clears Lung heat and removes wind-heat from the muscle layer; those with a firm texture clear heat in the Large Intestine; when assisting the Bladder, it aids the source of transformation.
Qin belongs to Metal, has a yellow color, and corresponds to the Metal of Autumn. Its nature is cold. It is non-toxic. It can ascend and descend, belongs to Yin, and enters the Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian. Those that are hollow and rotten are called "Fuchang" (Rotting Intestines); they clear rebellious Qi due to Fire pathogen invading the Lung, eliminate phlegm-heat above the diaphragm, and resolve damp-heat jaundice in the Stomach. Those broken in the middle and loose are called "Suqin"; they clear Lung phlegm-fire, promote Qi movement, remove epidemic wind-damp-heat pathogens on the exterior, treat alternating chills and fever, various sores, mastitis, carbuncles and malignant sores on the back, and are used to drain pus. For all excess heat, phlegm-heat, and accumulated blood in the upper body, this herb facilitates their descent and dispersion. Those that are thin, solid, straight, and hard are called "Tiaoqin"; they clear Large Intestine fire, expel water, digest food, stop dysentery with pus and blood due to heat, relieve abdominal pain and tenesmus, nourish Yin, and subdue Yang. Those that are thin, solid, round, and hard are called "Ziqin"; they clear Bladder heat, nourish the source of transformation, promote urination in the Small Intestine, treat five types of strangury with severe lower abdominal pain, and address amenorrhea or uterine bleeding in women. It also calms the fetus because it descends fire from the Upper and Middle Jiao. Thus, it is said that combined with Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex (Houpo) and Coptidis Rhizoma (Huanglian), it stops abdominal pain; combined with Schisandrae Fructus (Wuweizi), Montan Startlewort Root (Mumeng), and Ostrea Concha (Muli), it promotes fertility; combined with Astragali Membranacei Radix (Huangqi), Ampelopsis Radix (Bailian), and Adzuki Bean (Chixiaodou), it treats scrofula; combined with Chuanxiong Rhizoma (Chuanxiong), it regulates Heart blood, allowing heat to recede naturally and preventing reckless bleeding. Wine-fried herbs ascend; bran-water fried herbs descend; normally used raw. Cornus Officinalis Fruit (Shanzhuyu) and Fossilized Bones (Longgu) serve as guides. It is incompatible with Allium fistulosum Seeds (Congshi) and opposes Veratrum nigrum Rhizome (Lilu). It fears Cinnabar (Dansha), Paeonia Suffruticosa Root Bark (Mudanpi), and Veratrum Rhizome (Lilu).
Gardeniae Fructus (Zhizi)
Gardeniae Fructus is bitter and cold, clearing Lung fire, removing Stomach heat, irritability, red eyes, epistaxis, and body jaundice; it stops dysentery, promotes urination, and eliminates leukoderma nodules.
It resembles wine-pressed gardenia fruits. The flavor is light. It is non-toxic. It is Yin containing Yang, entering the Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian. Yilao stated: "It is light and floating, resembling the Lung; its red color resembles Fire; thus, it clears Fire in the Lung."
It also removes Stomach heat, vomiting, belching, jaundice, and internal heat caused by loss of blood and fluids. Zhang Zhongjing used it to induce vomiting in cases of Shaoyin disease with restlessness in the chest, mania, and insomnia. Because the pathogen was strong and rejected intake, vomiting allowed the pathogen to exit; however, Zhizi is not actually an emetic, but rather treats mental restlessness. It also treats wind-phlegm dizziness, red eyes and face, epistaxis, nasal discharge, dysentery, strangury, leukoderma, and various sores, essentially clearing Lung and Heart fire. The *Shennong Bencao Jing* states it clears heat from the Large and Small Intestines; clearing the Lung allows Qi to flow smoothly. Treating jaundice also involves clearing Stomach damp-heat. Recently, some treat Yin fire by frying with child's urine, claiming it benefits the Blood of the Shaoyin Meridian; combined with Psoraleae Fructus (Guzhi), it nourishes Yin and descends fire, clearing the upper and securing the lower; although cold, it has a tonifying quality. *Yanyi* states: "It bends downward, descending fire and opening depression, treating fire within masses." Dongyuan stated: "It treats blood stasis below the umbilicus causing urinary retention." He also said: "It cools the Heart and Kidney." This herb is excellent for the Upper, Middle, and Lower Jiao; ultimately, it clears Lung fire, regulates Lung Qi, and nourishes the Lung source. Those that are tight, small, and seven-edged are superior. Using the kernel clears Heart and Chest heat; using the skin treats exterior heat; normally used raw. For deficiency fire, fry seven times with child's urine until black.
Glehniae Radix (Shashen)
Glehniae Radix is cold in nature with a sweet and bitter taste; it removes exterior heat and Stomach obstruction, sudden hernia, malignant sores, and body itching; it disperses blood stasis and tonifies Yin Qi.
It grows in sandy soil. Leaves resemble Goji berries; roots resemble mallow, thick externally reddish-yellow and internally white. Also known as Baishen; those from Huazhou are superior. Non-toxic. It treats heat between muscles and skin, headache with chills and fever, Stomach obstruction with heart and abdominal pain and heat accumulation, sudden hernia with dragging and colicky pain, all malignant sores and tinea, floating wind with body itching, disperses blood stasis, and mostly benefits the Liver. It is most suitable for those who desire sleep but suffer from fright and irritability; thus, it is considered the principal herb for the Jueyin channel. It also clears Lung heat and can tonify the Yin of the Five Zang organs, guided to each organ as needed. Yilao often used it to replace Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma (Renshen) for its sweetness. Soak in rice wash water and sun-dry. It opposes Puerariae Lobatae Radix (Fangji) and is incompatible with Veratrum Rhizome (Lilu).
Scrophulariae Radix (Xuanshen)
Scrophulariae Radix is salty and bitter with a slightly cold qi; it clears the spirit, dissipates rootless fire, treats wind-cold with body heat, malaria, confusion, and madness, and addresses Kidney injury, abdominal masses, and cervical scrofula.
It is Black Shen. Non-toxic. Yilao stated: "It is a pivot agent, often leading the Qi up and down to maintain order without turbidity, treating the misty Qi in the void, and rootless fire in the Sanjiao. It must be used for Kidney injury and is the sovereign herb of the *Bencao Jing*." It treats sudden wind-cold, body heat with fullness, sudden madness and unawareness. For warm malaria with shivering, excessive Qi in the chest, irritability, thirst, and swelling due to fire, these are all caused by turbid Qi. It tonifies internal Kidney Qi injury, brightens the eyes, strengthens Yin, and benefits Essence. It treats scrofula on the neck, abdominal masses, bone-steaming, palpitations, forgetfulness, all abscesses and scrofula, head wind, throat obstruction, heat-toxin wandering wind, all caused by the gathering of phlegm and fire. It also treats postpartum residual diseases in women, blood stasis and masses, rightly named a "Holy Medicine"! Wash with cattail leaves and steam over a partition, or steam with wine. It opposes Dried Ginger (Ganjiang), Astragali Membranacei Radix (Huangqi), Jujubae Fructus (Dazao), and Cornus Officinalis Fruit (Shanzhuyu); it is incompatible with Veratrum Rhizome (Lilu) and strictly avoids copper and iron.
Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix (Danshen)
Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix is bitter and cold, treating heat-induced mania; it governs chronic masses and intestinal rumbling like flowing water; it treats sores and toxins on the head, eyes, waist, and feet; it benefits women by regulating pregnancy, menstruation, metrorrhagia, and leukorrhea.
It is Red Shen. Non-toxic. It treats wind-pathogen retained heat causing mania and oppression, and cold-heat labor fever. It breaks masses and treats chronic heart and abdominal diseases. When pathogenic Qi enters the intestines, rumbling occurs like flowing water; headache, red eyes, bone joint pain, stiff spine, limb paralysis, and soft painful legs are treated by soaking in wine and drinking alone. It can chase galloping horses, hence also called Benma Cao (Running Horse Grass). For malignant sores, goiters, tumors, and swelling/toxins, it drains pus, stops pain, generates flesh, calms fetal life, expels dead fetus, stops metrorrhagia and leukorrhea, regulates uneven menstruation, benefits Qi and nourishes Blood, opens collateral vessels, and is an agent that removes the old and generates the new. The stem has square edges and is bluish-green; leaves are opposite, hairy like Mint, with several roots per shoot. Roots are red, thick as a finger, over a chi long, found everywhere. Harvest roots in October, wash with wine, and sun-dry. It fears saline water and is incompatible with Veratrum Rhizome (Lilu).
Bupleuri Radix Purpurea (Zishen)
Bupleuri Radix Purpurea is bitter and acrid with a cold qi; it removes great heat hidden in the Stomach and Intestines; it treats dysentery, unblocks meridians, treats various blood disorders, breaks accumulations, eliminates abscesses, and opens orifices.
Leaves resemble Shepherd's Purse; purple flowers with green spikes; skin is purplish-black, flesh is red and white, flesh shallow and skin deep; seeds are black and bean-sized, found everywhere. Also known as Mumeng. Non-toxic. It treats great heat in the Stomach and Intestines, spitting blood, epistaxis, and blood accumulation in the intestines. Zhang Zhongjing used Licorice Root (Gancao) to assist it for treating dysentery; the *Ju Fang* uses it to regulate women's menstruation. The *Shennong Bencao Jing* states: "It treats heart and abdominal accumulations, wind-cold pathogenic Qi, abscesses, and various sores, primarily by opening the nine orifices and promoting urination and defecation." Harvest roots in March, roast until purple. It forbids Magnolia Flower (Xinyi).
Peucedani Radix (Qianhu)
Peucedani Radix is non-toxic and bitter-cold; it mainly treats epidemic internal and external heat; it directs Qi downward, eliminates phlegm, clears head and eyes, calms the fetus, treats infantile malnutrition, and breaks accumulations.
Sprouts emerge before Bupleuri Radix (Chaihu). It treats cold damage and epidemic Qi, internal and external heat, half-exterior half-interior syndromes, phlegm fullness in chest and hypochondrium with stagnation, Qi knot in heart and abdomen, dizziness and headache, bone joint soreness, coughing, wheezing, vomiting, chills, and fever. *Rihua* also states it calms the fetus, treats infantile malnutrition Qi, breaks accumulations, and opens the Stomach to promote eating; all these result from eliminating phlegm, directing Qi downward, and pushing out the old to generate the new. Wash, scrape off black skin and rhizome, or soak in Bamboo Sap (Zhuli) and sun-dry. Pinelliae Rhizoma (Banxia) serves as a guide. It opposes Gleditsia Sinensis Spina (Zaojia) and forbids Veratrum Rhizome (Lilu).
Petasites Rhizoma (Baiqian)
Petasites Rhizoma has a sweet and acrid, neutral taste; it excellently protects Lung Qi for coughs with emotion, chest and hypochondriac oppression, Qi rushing upward, insomnia, and a frog-like sound in the throat.
White in color, sprouts resemble Qianhu, roots resemble Peucedani Radix (Baiwei) and Asarum Herba (Xixin). It protects and clears the Lung; widely used for Qi cough and chronic cough, especially when assisted by warm herbs. It treats chest and hypochondriac oppression, rebellious Qi rushing upward, suffocation preventing sleep, and a constant frog-like sound in the throat. *Rihua* uses it for Ben Tun (running piglet) with rising Qi and oppression. Soak in Licorice Water, remove head and whiskers, and bake dry.
Platycodonis Radix (Jiegeng)
Platycodonis Radix is bitter and acrid, lifting Qi and Blood; head, eyes, nose, and throat heat all relate to the Lung; chest, hypochondrium, abdomen, and intestines often have phlegm; it also calms convulsions and drains boils.
Jie means knot; Geng means rope; its texture knots like a rope. Nature is slightly warm. Slightly toxic. Floating and ascending, Yin containing Yang, it is a guiding herb for the Hand-Taiyin Meridian. *Yanyi* states it opens and lifts Qi and Blood. It is suitable in Qi and Blood formulas, carrying other herbs so they do not sink, acting as a boat and oar. It treats Lung heat with rapid breathing, coughing with reverse flow, pus, blood, chills, and fever, Lung萎 (flaccidity) and Lung abscess, unclear head and eyes, nasal congestion, epistaxis, mouth sores, dental wind, throat obstruction, swollen throat, stabbing pain in chest and hypochondrium, abdominal fullness and masses, intestinal rumbling and dysentery, central cold with indigestion, cholera with cramps; all are due to Qi stagnation, Blood stasis, and Phlegm obstruction. It also calms fright and wind-bi in adults, and external shock and convulsions in children. For all sores, boils, and carbuncles presenting as exterior excess, it guides herbs to ascend and reach the exterior. Although Materia Medica says it tonifies Qi and Blood, and nourishes Blood to repair internal leaks, Xu Jingyang stated it can raise Water and descend Fire. I also believe it has the meaning of a well-sweep (Jie Gao); thus, Zhang Zhongjing used it to treat Shaoyin sore throat and dryness. However, *Yanyi* says it can open and scatter Qi and Blood stagnation, thereby clearing phlegm; it can lift and move upward to the exterior, yet contains descending within ascending. Thus, Danxi said: "It is unsuitable for those with lower deficiency and rising anger." Remove the head and side branches, soak in rice wash water overnight, bake dry, and use the node skin as a guide. It forbids Bletillae Rhizoma (Baiji), Longan Arillus (Longyan), and Gentianae Radix (Longdan). Combined with Ostrea Concha (Muli) and Polygala Radix (Yuanzhi), it treats anger; combined with Gypsum Fibrosum (Shigao) and Scallion Stem (Congbai), it can raise Qi from the deepest Yin; combined with Mirabilite (Xiaoshi) and Rheum Palmatum Rhizoma (Dahuang), it guides to the highest part of the uterus, benefiting the Five Zang and intestines/stomach. There is another type, Sweet Platycodon, which is Shepherd's Purse root, enough to confuse with Ginseng. See later volume.
Stemonae Radix (Baiibu)
Stemonae Radix is slightly warm with a bitter and sweet taste; it mainly removes Lung heat and rising Qi; acute and chronic coughs are treated by decocting alone with honey; it kills parasites, treats consumption, and addresses malnutrition.
Referring to its roots growing in clusters of hundreds. Non-toxic. It treats Lung heat cough with rising Qi, moistening the Lung and removing Lung parasites. All acute, chronic, and consumptive coughs should be crushed into juice, mixed equally with honey, decocted into a paste, and swallowed slowly. Thus, Dongyuan said: "Treating Lung heat stops cough immediately." It also treats malnutrition, roundworms, tuberculosis, bone-steaming labor worms, killing Taenia Saginata (Cunbai) and Enterobius Vermicularis (Nuochong); it also removes lice; boiling soup and washing cattle and dog lice removes them. It treats all wood-boring insects; burning them also kills flies and midges. Remove the heart, wash with wine, stir-fry, or sun-dry.
Morus Alba Root Bark (Sangbaipi)
Morus Alba Root Bark is sweet, astringent, and cold, non-toxic; it clears Guest Heat in the Lung for coughs with red sputum, removes Lung pathogenic water to reduce edema and fullness, benefits Lung Yuan Qi, and treats internal injury.
The character Sang depicts many hands harvesting. Leaves feed silkworms; root bark enters medicine, entering the Hand-Taiyin Meridian. It clears excess Guest Heat in the Lung, wheezing, coughing, irritability, thirst, red sputum; removes pathogenic water in the Lung, reduces edema and abdominal fullness, promotes water passages, and benefits insufficient Lung Yuan Qi. For internal injury with emaciation, metrorrhagia, and absent pulse, it also removes Taenia Saginata. Made into thread, it sutures metallic wounds; applying hot chicken blood enhances efficacy. Harvest tender eastern-growing roots from soil, remove bones, scrape thin skin with copper knife, do not let saliva fall on the skin. Use raw for promoting water metabolism; steam with honey or stir-fry for coughs. Those dug from earth kill people. Dipsaci Radix (Xuduan), Cinnamon Twig (Guixin), and Cannabis Seed (Mazi) serve as guides. Avoid iron and lead. The white juice in Sangpi treats infantile mouth sores and thrush; applying it is miraculous. Smearing it on knife wounds stops bleeding quickly; wrapping with peeled white bark allows juice to enter the wound, which is good. For snake bites, centipede, and spider venom, applying it is effective. Mulberry Leaf (Sangye) treats wind-cold, wind-pain, cholera, and abdominal pain; salt-grind and apply for snake, insect, and centipede bites; sweat profusely. Harvest leaves with dew, bake into powder, take two qian with empty stomach rice drink. Mulberry Branch (Sangzhi) is neutral; finely chop, stir-fry until fragrant, decoct in water, drink concentrated juice; treats unilateral wind-itch and dryness, gouty wind-spasm, Lung cough with dry mouth, promotes urination; long-term use lightens the body, sharpens ears and eyes, gives luster, drink when thirsty in summer. A scholar suffered arm pain unresponsive to other drugs; taking this cured him quickly, showing effect after one month. Mulberry Fungus (Sanger) is sweet. Toxic. Black ones treat women's leukorrhea with red and white discharge, blood pain and masses, vaginal pain and infertility; yellow, ripe, aged white ones stop chronic diarrhea and benefit Qi; golden ones treat phlegm-fluid, accumulations, abdominal pain, and metallic wounds. Mulberry Fruit (Sangshen) sun-dried, pounded into powder, formed into pills with honey; stops thirst, treats heat from minerals and metals.
Sophorae Tonkinensis Radix (Shandoudgen)
Sophorae Tonkinensis Radix is sweet and cold, detoxifying; for urgent jaundice and heat-cough, it should be used first; for sore throat and swelling, hold in mouth and swallow saliva; for five hemorrhoids and head sores, grind with water.
Grows in mountains, fruit resembles beans. Sichuan origin is best. Excellent at resolving drug toxicity, gu poison, and Taenia Saginata. Treats five types of urgent jaundice, fever, and cough; take two qian mixed with water on an empty stomach. For throat obstruction, hold a slice in mouth and swallow saliva; for five hemorrhoids, grind with water and take; for bald head sores with white scales, apply water-grinded paste or oil-mixed powder. Also treats toothache, red-white dysentery, abdominal distension, and asthma; form into pills with honey or decoct in water. For spider, dog, and snake bites, apply water-grinded paste.
Indigo Naturalis (Qingdai)
Indigo Naturalis is sweet and salty with a cold nature and qi; it collects Fire of the Five Zang, especially clearing Liver Fire; it digests food, detoxifies, reduces sores and swelling, and treats infantile malnutrition in myriad ways.
Blue in color, anciently used for eyebrow painting, hence Dai, which is Indigo Flower. Non-toxic. It collects constrained Fire of the Five Zang, especially clears Liver Fire, digests food accumulation, resolves drug toxicity. Rub and apply for hot sores, malignant swelling, metallic wounds with bleeding, snake and dog bites; infantile convulsions, fever with dry hair, dry nose and skin, yellow face and thin limbs, abdominal distension and diarrhea, myriad malnutrition syndromes; effective.
Isatidis Fructus (Lanshi)
Isatidis Fructus is sweet and cold, bitter killing parasites; detoxification and resolving knots are most suitable; leaves treat heat-mania and hematemesis; detoxification and parasite-killing are even more extraordinary.
The character Lan comes from Jian (supervise); Monthly Ordinances state not to harvest Isatis in mid-summer to avoid damaging growing Qi; Shi means seed. Non-toxic. It treats infantile ghost-wandering diseases, resolves knotted Qi in meridians and败血 (decayed blood). Leaf juice treats epidemic heat-mania and irritability, hematemesis, epistaxis, red eyes, infantile high fever, malnutrition heat, erysipelas heat, wandering wind heat-swelling, carbuncles, bald head, all heat-toxins. Resolves drug toxicity, arrow poison, metallic wound blood-stagnation, postpartum blood fainting. Kills Ascaris, snake injuries, spider and bee stings; crush juice into one bowl, add little Realgar (Xionghuang) and Musk (Shexiang), apply to bite site or take finely. Also treats dysphagia with no food intake due to worms; taking juice alone turns worms into water. Burn true blue cloth to ash, apply to malignant sores not healing for years; for moxibustion wounds bleeding, prevents stroke.
The above are herbs treating Upper Jiao heat.
Coptidis Rhizoma (Huanglian)
Coptidis Rhizoma is bitter and cold, clearing Heart and Stomach; red eyes, mouth sores, chest oppression and stagnation, heat-vomiting, heat-dysentery, heat-toxin sores, female genital swelling/pain, infantile malnutrition Qi.
Huang means shining, resembling sunlight color; grows in beads, is an upper grass. Non-toxic. Strong flavor, thin qi, Yin containing Yang, enters Hand-Shaoyin Heart Meridian. Fire follows dryness; however, clearing Heart actually clears Spleen and Stomach; the son makes the mother full. Heart Fire becomes abundant due to Spleen damp-heat; thus, the eye is the envoy of the Middle Jiao. Wine-soaked and fried herbs ascend to head, eyes, mouth, and tongue; Ginger-juice fried herbs disperse acridly, contributing to flushing heat, eliminating sub-diaphragmatic fullness, and Fu Liang accumulations. Heat constrained in Middle Jiao wanting to vomit but unable, nausea, acid regurgitation, palpitations, forgetfulness, or sudden heart pain, heat-vomiting, heat-diarrhea, heat-dysentery. All damp-heat with emaciation and rapid breathing, all epidemic heat-toxin and summer-toxin, all kinds of evil and filth toxins, all sores and ulcers toxins, all use Ginger to moderate their coldness, slightly changing their nature to prevent heat conflict. Raw use treats excess fire, macules, mania, irritability, and thirst. Evodiae Fructus (Wuzhuyu) water-fried regulates Stomach and thickens Intestines, treats cold-heat imbalance, chronic dysentery and diarrhea, intestinal pain and bloody stool, benefits Gallbladder and calms Liver, stops bleeding and moves stagnation. Yellow Earth-fried treats food accumulation, calms roundworms, infantile malnutrition with worms eating dirt. Salt-water-fried treats latent fire in Lower Jiao, female genital swelling and pain. Remove Heart, treat Lower Jiao deficiency, strengthen Kidney. *Rihua* says: "Treats five labors and seven injuries," referring to clearing South and tonifying North. Danxi said Huanglian treats diseases by clearing Heart and Stomach. Not suitable for Cold in intestines/stomach, early purging in cold damage, Yin-deficiency bleeding, and Spleen damage with blood failing to return to origin. Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin) and Fossilized Bones (Longgu) serve as guides. Opposes Chrysanthemi Flos (Juhua), Genkwa Flos (Yuanhua), and Scrophulariae Radix (Xuanshen); forbids Aster Tataricus Radix (Kuandonghua); overcomes Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata (Wutou); resolves Radix Stephaniae Tetrandrae (Badou) toxicity. Avoid pork and cold water. Single prescription: Treats two red lines under infant's nose, called Bi Gan; wash with rice water, apply Huanglian powder.
Coptidis Rhizoma Japonicum (Huhuanglian)
Coptidis Rhizoma Japonicum is bitter and neutral in nature; cold damage cough, malaria, bone-steaming; tonifies Liver, brightens eyes, regulates Waist and Kidney; treats infantile malnutrition dysentery and calms convulsions/fright.
From Hu lands. Non-toxic. Treats cold damage fever and cough, relapse fever after labor, red urine and feces like blood, warm malaria and bone-steaming, internal injury with five-center heat. Tonifies Liver and Gallbladder, brightens eyes, regulates Waist and Kidney, removes Yin sweat, infantile chronic dysentery becoming malnutrition, convulsions with chills and fever. Also treats postpartum steaming and deficiency fright in women. Yellow outside, black inside; authentic if dust comes out like smoke when broken. Opposes Chrysanthemi Flos (Juhua) and Scrophulariae Radix (Xuanshen); avoids pork.
Fortunellae Fructus (Lianqiao)
Fortunellae Fructus is bitter and cold, scattering Heart Fire; damp-heat in Spleen meridian is particularly mild; draining pus and reducing swelling serves as sovereign; treating blood and promoting urination acts as assistant.
Pieces connected like bird tails. Non-toxic. Floating and ascending, Yang, herb for Hand and Foot Shaoyang and Yangming meridians. Enters Hand-Shaoyin Heart Meridian, scatters constrained Fire and guest heat in Heart meridian, descends Spleen and Stomach damp-heat, specializes in draining pus and reducing swelling; indispensable for scrofula, goiter, abscesses, and malignant sores. For blood-excess patterns, combined with Coptidis Rhizoma (Huanglian) as Middle Jiao assistants; Saposhnikoviae Radix (Fangfeng) as upper assistant, Sanguisorbae Radix (Diyu) as lower assistant. Also benefits menstruation. Promotes five stranguries, dissolves gu toxin; all syndromes are formed by Heart Fire stagnation. This herb has light aroma and taste, yet can scatter fire and resolve depression; use cautiously in deficiency. Most suitable for infantile sores with guest heat; remove pith. Root is called Lianyao, bitter and cold; not noted in *Bencao Jing*, only Zhang Zhongjing used it in cold damage for body heat and jaundice.
Puerariae Lobatae Radix (Gegen)
Puerariae Lobatae Radix is sweet and neutral, excellently resolving muscle layer; suitable for Yangming forehead and temple pain; stops vomiting, generates fluids, stops thirst, resolves malaria and dysentery, antidotes alcohol; treats bi-wind and hypochondriac pain.
Ge means leather/vine; vines can make ropes. Non-toxic. Floating and slightly descending, Yang containing Yin, herb for Foot-Yangming Meridian. Excellently resolves muscle layer and induces sweating; eye pain, nasal dryness, front body great heat, irritability wanting to go mad, forehead pain are Yangming syndromes; use timely. If temporal pain occurs, using this draws pathogen into Yangming. Stops vomiting and incessant dry retching; generates fluids and stops thirst by raising Stomach Qi and removing Stomach heat. Use sparingly in Stomach deficiency. Treats heat-toxin bloody dysentery, warm malaria with alternating chills/fever; antidotes alcohol, vegetable toxins, drug toxins, wild Ge, and Radix Euphorbiae Lathyris (Badou). For wind-bi and wind-hypochondriac pain, use it; Stomach Yang rises and pathogen scatters. Also promotes urination, drains pus, breaks blood, stops bleeding; thus, metallic wound practitioners use it; for arrow poison, apply to snake/insect bites, also effective. Harvest deep-rooted ones in May, peel and sun-dry. Fresh root juice is very cold; treats epidemic seasonal diseases, high fever and thirst, heat-toxin hematemesis, and pregnancy heat disease with chest oppression, infantile fetal heat; leaves stop metallic wound bleeding; Ge Qiao (pod) treats dysentery in those over ten; flowers dissolve alcohol; take dried powder of soybean flower with flower powder, one cun bi, so drinking does not cause intoxication; Ge Fen (starch) is sweet and cold; suppresses Dan Shi, antidotes Turtledove poison; mix three he with water, remove irritability and heat, promote urination and defecation, stop thirst. To obtain starch, harvest fresh Ge in winter, rub in water to extract starch,