〔《千》〕治心腹胀满短气。以草豆蔻一两，去皮为细末。生姜汤调下五分。
〔垣〕太阴所至为蓄满 辨云∶脾为阴中之太阴。又云∶脾为阴中之至阴，乃为坤元亘古不迁之土。天为
阳，火也。地为阴，水也。在人则为脾，同阴水之化。脾有余则腹胀满，食不化，故无阳则不能化五谷，脾盛
乃大寒为胀满。故《脉经》云∶胃中寒则胀满。大抵此病皆水气寒湿为之也。治宜大辛热之剂，必愈。然亦有
轻重。
木香塌气丸 治中满腹胀，下焦虚损者。
萝卜子（炒） 陈皮（去白。各五钱） 胡椒（二钱） 草豆蔻（面裹，煨） 木香 青皮（各一钱） 蝎梢（去
毒，二钱半）
上为细末，水调为丸，如桐子大。每服三十丸，温米饮下。忌油腻，服白粥百日，重者一年。小儿丸如麻
子大。桑白皮汤下十丸，日三服。大人阴囊洪肿冰冷，须用青盐、干姜、白面各三钱，水和膏摊纸上涂贴。
诸胀腹大，皆为热。（全文见诊。）诸病有声，鼓之如鼓，皆属于热。
〔垣〕中满分消丸 治中满热胀、鼓胀、气胀、水气胀、大热胀，有寒者不治。
黄芩（炒） 黄连（各五钱。炒） 姜黄 白术 人参（去芦） 甘草（炙） 猪苓（去皮。各一钱） 白茯
苓（去皮） 砂仁（各二钱） 枳实（炒黄） 半夏（汤泡。各五钱） 干姜（二钱） 浓朴（去皮，炒，一两）
知母（炒，四钱） 泽泻（二钱） 陈皮（三钱）
上共为细末，水浸蒸饼为丸，如桐子大。每服一百丸，焙干，白汤下，食后。寒因热用，故焙服。
〔丹〕有第二小娘，食积挟湿，手足生疮，腹满面浮，口渴食少，膈满，小便少，大便实。
大腹皮 干葛（各二钱） 黄芩（五钱） 陈皮（五钱） 浓朴（三钱） 川芎（三钱） 炙甘（一钱） 白术（一
两） 木通（半两） 姜三片，煎服。
南二孺人，面浮肚胀。
苍术（五钱） 黄柏（三钱，炒） 白术（两半） 陈皮（一钱） 木通（二钱） 川芎（五分） 滑石（炒，钱
半） 甘草（二钱，炙） 浓朴（五分）
裴孺人，年五十二岁，气上膈满，食少，此积热生湿。诊得左三部涩小，右三部微数，重取稍大。喜得无
弦脉，为可治之病。
白术（一两） 青皮（三钱） 陈皮 浓朴（各五钱） 大腹皮（二钱） 片芩（炒） 木通（五钱） 苏梗 川
芎（各三钱） 桂枝（三钱） 甘梢（一钱半）
分十帖。姜二片，煮饮之。煎渣之汤下保和三十丸。
〔《经》〕患腹胀满夯闷。掘山栀根少许，煎水调一盏服。女人血气腹肿，以山栀根末三钱，热酒空心
服之。
〔仲〕寸口脉迟而涩，迟则为寒，涩则为血不足。跗阳脉微而迟，微则为气，迟则为寒。寒气不足，则手
足逆冷，手足逆冷则营卫不利，营卫不利则腹满肠鸣相逐，气转膀胱，荣卫俱劳。阳气不通即身冷，阴气不通
即骨寒。阳前通则恶寒，阴前通则痹不仁。阴阳相得，其气乃行，大气一转，其气乃散。实则失气，虚则
遗尿，名曰气分。
气分，谓气不通利而胀；血分，谓血不通利而胀，非胀病之外又别有气分、血分之病也。盖气血不通利，
则水亦不通利而尿少，尿少则腹中水渐积而为服。但气分，心下坚大而病发于上；血分，血结胞门而病发
于下。气分先病水胀后经断；血分先经断后病水胀也。（血分治法，见水腹胀门。）
腹满 胀，支膈 胁，下厥上冒，过在足太阴、阳明。（全文见治虚实条。）
〔《素》〕太阴所谓病胀者，太阴子也。十一月，万物气皆藏于中，故曰病胀。（脉解篇）
上脾胃胀，治法见前补虚行湿条诸方是也。
肾气实则胀。（全文见治虚实条。）二阴一阳，发病善胀，心满善气。（全文见诊病传变。）
运气 胀有七∶
一曰湿助脾盛而胀。经云∶诸湿肿满，皆属脾士。又云∶岁土太过，甚则饮食中满。又云∶岁土不及，湿
乃大行，民病肿满。又云∶土郁之发，民病心腹胀满，肠鸣。又云∶太阳司天，寒气下临，湿气变物，水饮内
蓄，中满不发，甚则 肿，治以诸热是也。
二曰风攻脾虚而胀。经云∶厥阴在泉，风淫所胜，病腹胀，治以辛凉是也。
三曰寒胀。经云∶水太过曰流衍。流衍之纪，其病胀。又云∶岁水太过，寒气流行，甚则腹大胫肿。又云∶
水郁之发，民病痞坚腹满。又云∶太阳之胜，皮肤痞肿腹满。又云∶太阴司天之政，民病寒湿腹满，身 肿。
三之气，感于寒湿，民病 肿胸腹满，治以诸热是也。
四曰燥胀。经云∶阳明之复，腹胀而泄，治以温剂是也。
五曰寒郁热于中而胀。经云∶阳明司天之政，初之气，寒雨化，其病中热胀。又云∶太阳司天之政，二之
气，大凉反至，火气遂抑，民病气郁中满是也。
六曰寒热相搏而胀。经云∶少阴司天之政，水火寒热接于气交，民病腹胀大。又云∶太阴司天之政，四之
气，寒风晓暮，蒸热相搏，民病心腹满热胪胀，甚则 肿是也。
七曰火郁之发胀。经云∶火郁之发，民病胁腹、胸背、面首、四肢 胪胀是也。
〔梅〕治腹满不能服药导引方。取独蒜煨熟，去皮，纳下部，冷即易。
〔《灵》〕黄帝曰∶脉之应于寸口，如何而胀？岐伯曰∶其脉大坚以涩者，胀也。黄帝曰∶何以知脏腑之
胀也？岐伯曰∶阴为脏，阳为腑。黄帝曰∶夫气之令人胀也，在于血脉之中耶？脏腑之内乎？岐伯曰∶二者皆
存焉，然非胀之舍也。黄帝曰∶愿闻胀之舍？岐伯曰∶夫胀者，皆在于脏腑之外，排脏腑而郭胸胁，胀皮肤，
故命曰胀。黄帝曰∶脏腑之在胸胁、腹里之内也，若匣匮之藏禁器也。各有次舍，异名而同处。一域之中，其
气各异，愿闻其故？岐伯曰∶夫胸腹，脏腑之郭也。膻中者，心主之宫城也。胃者，太仓也。咽喉小肠者，传
送也。胃之五窍者，闾里门户也。廉泉玉英者，津液之道也。故五脏六腑者，各有畔界，其病各有形状。黄帝
曰∶愿闻胀形？岐伯曰∶夫心胀者，烦心短气，卧不安。（《甲乙经》云∶心输主之，亦取列缺。）肺胀者，虚
满而喘咳。（《甲乙经》云∶肺输主之，亦取太渊。）肝胀者，胁下满而痛引小腹。（《甲乙》云∶肝俞主之，
亦取太冲。）脾胀者，善哕，四肢烦 ，体重不能胜衣，卧不安。（《甲乙》云∶脾俞主之，亦取太白。）肾胀者，
腹满引背，央央然腰髀痛。（《甲乙》云∶肾俞主之，亦取太溪。）胃胀者，
腹满，胃脘痛，鼻闻焦臭，妨于食，大便难。（《甲乙》云∶中脘主之，亦取章门。）大肠胀者，肠鸣而痛濯濯，
冬日重感于寒，则飧泄不化。（《甲乙》云∶天枢主之。）小肠胀者，少腹 胀，引腰而痛。（《甲乙》云∶中
主之。）膀胱胀者，少腹满而气癃。（《甲乙》云∶曲骨主之。）三焦胀者，气满于皮肤中，轻轻然而不坚。（
《甲乙》云∶石门主之。）胆胀者，胁下痛胀，口中苦，善太息。（《甲乙》云∶阳陵泉主之。）凡此诸胀者，
其道在一，明知逆顺，针数不失。泻虚补实，神去其室，致邪失正，真不可定，粗之所败，谓之天命。补虚泻实
，神归其室，久塞其空，谓之良工。黄帝曰∶胀者焉生？何因而有？岐伯曰∶卫气之在身也，常然并脉，循分肉
，行有逆顺，阴阳相随，乃得天和。五脏更始，四时循序，五谷乃化。然后厥气在下，荣卫留止，寒气逆上，真
邪相攻，两气相搏，乃合为胀也。荣气循脉，卫气逆为脉胀；卫气并脉，循分为肤胀。三里而泻，近者一下，远
者三下，无问虚实，工在疾泻。（“荣卫循脉”至此三十九字，原误在“病各有形”之下，“黄帝曰∶愿闻”之上。
有，“三里而泻”之上，当有脱简。《甲乙》云∶凡五脏六腑之胀皆取三里，三里者胀之要穴也。）黄帝曰∶善。
何以解惑？岐伯曰∶合之于真，三合而得。帝曰∶善。黄帝曰∶胀论言无问虚实，工在疾泻，近者一下，远者三下。
今有其三而不下者，其过焉在？岐伯曰∶此言陷于肉肓，而中气穴者也。不中气穴，则气内闭，针不陷肓，则
气不行，上越中肉，则卫气相乱，阴阳相逐。其于胀也，当泻不泻，气故不下。三而不下，必更其道，气下乃
止，不下复始，可以万全，乌有殆者乎？其于胀也，必审其脉，当泻则泻，当补则补，如鼓应桴，恶有不下者
乎。（胀论篇）
刺灸 胀有七法∶
其一取血络。经云∶肤胀，先取胀之血络是也。
其二取胃。经前篇胀论所谓三里而泻，近者一下，远者三下，无问虚实，工在疾泻，是其一法也。又云∶
胃者水谷之海，其输上在气街，下至三里。水谷之海有余则腹满，审守其输，调其虚实。又云∶胃病者，腹
胀，取之三里也。又云∶胃足阳明之脉，是动则病贲响腹胀。胃中寒则胀满，视盛虚热寒陷下取之。是胀
病大法，皆泻胃穴三里也。
其三取脾。经云∶腹满食不化，腹响响不能大便，取足太阴。又云∶脾足太阴之脉，是动病腹胀嘻噫。视
盛虚热寒陷下取之。又云∶脾虚则腹满，肠鸣飧泄，取其经太阴、阳明、少阴血者。又云∶足太阴之别，
名曰公孙，去本节之后一寸，别走阳明。其别者入络，肠胃虚则鼓胀。取之所别也，是胀之虚者，多补足太阴
脾穴也。
其四取肾、膀胱。经云∶肾病者，腹大胫肿，取其经少阴、太阳血者。又云∶肾藏志，志有余则腹胀飧泄，
泻然筋血者。又云∶邪在肾，则病腹胀腰痛，大便难，取之涌泉、昆仑。是有血者，尽取之。又云∶腹满，大
便不利，腹大，亦上走胸嗌，喘息喝喝然，取足少阴。又云∶男子如蛊，女子如阻，身体腰脊如解，不欲饮食，
先取涌泉见血。是跗上盛者，尽见血也。又云∶胀取三阳，是胀病多泻肾经诸穴也。
其五取三焦委阳穴。经云∶三焦病者，腹气满，小腹尤坚，不得小便，窘急，溢则水留，即为胀，取委阳
是也。盖不得小便，则水无所泄，其水溢出，皮肤肿者为水，其水留于腹中，独腹胀者为胀也。
其六取肺。经云∶振寒洒洒鼓颔，不汗出，腹胀烦 ，取手太阴是也。
其七取厥病成胀。经云∶阳明之厥，腹满不得卧；太阴之厥，腹满 胀；少阴之厥，腹满心痛；厥阴之厥，
少腹肿痛，腹胀。盛则泻之，虚则补之，不盛不虚，以经取之是也。
〔《秘》〕鼓胀之状，腹身皆大∶脐上下左右（各刺二寸二分。）中脘 通关 三里 （手） 肤胀之状，空而不坚，腹
身尽肿，按之陷而不起∶太白 公孙 复溜 绝骨 三里 分水
〔《玉》〕腹胀∶分水（二寸半。）气海 三里 三阴交 人中 腹胀并两足有水∶内庭（五分，泻灸）。临泣（三分，
泻。用香油抹穴，可出一身之水。）
〔《摘》〕腹暴胀，按之不下∶中脘 气海 三里。
〔世〕单蛊胀，气喘∶水分（在分水旁各一寸半，针入二寸半，灸五十壮。）
又法∶分水 三里 行间 内庭 右关 气海（各灸二七壮。）
〔东〕腹胀脐突，缺盆中满，尻腰肿∶大敦 天牖 昆仑
〔《甲》〕寒气腹满，癃淫烁，身热，腹中积聚疼痛，冲门主之。腹满响响然不便，心下有寒痛，商丘主
之。腹胀善满，积气，关门主之。腹中气盛，腹胀逆不得卧，阴陵泉主之。腹胀肠鸣，气上冲胸，不能久立，腹
中痛濯濯，冬日重感于寒则泄，当脐而痛，肠胃间游气切痛，食不化，不嗜食，身肿侠脐急，天枢主之。腹中
有大热不安，腹有大气，相和挟，暴腹胀满，癃淫烁，气冲主之。腹满痛，不得息，正卧屈一膝，伸一股，
并气冲，针入三寸，气至泻之。肠中寒，胀满善噫，闻食臭，胃气不足，肠鸣胀满，腹痛泄，食不化，心下胀，
三里主之。大肠有热，肠鸣腹满，侠脐痛，食不化，喘不能久立，巨虚上廉主之。腹满不嗜食，冲阳主之。
寒腹满胀，厉兑主之。男子如蛊，女子如阻，寒热，少腹偏肿，阴谷主之。胃中寒胀，食多，身体羸瘦，腹中
满而鸣，腹膜风厥，胸胁 满，呕吐，脊急痛，筋挛，食不下，胃输主之。头痛，食不下，肠鸣胪胀，欲吐时
泄注，三焦俞主之。腹满胪胀，大便泄，意舍主之。胪胀水肿，饮食不下，多寒，胃仓主之。腹满不能食，刺
脊中。寒中伤饱，食饮不化，五脏 满胀，心腹胸胁 满，脉虚则生百病，上脘主之。腹胀不通，寒中伤饱，
食饮不化，中脘主之。水肿水气行皮中，阴交主之。水肿腹大，水胀水气行皮中，石门主之。腹满，胃中有热，
不嗜食，悬钟主之。
〔《素》〕脉盛而紧曰胀。（平人气象论 胀论 脉大坚以涩为胀。）
唇偏举者脾偏倾，脾偏倾则善满、善胀。（全文见诊。）腹胀，身热，脉大，是逆也。如是者，不过十
五日死矣。（全文见诊生死，下同。胀或兼身热，或兼如疟状，皆不可治，累验。）腹大胀，四末清，脱形，
泄甚，是逆也。如是者，不及一时死矣。腹胀便血，其脉大，时绝，是逆也。呕咳腹胀，且飧泄，其脉绝，
〔《千金方》〕治疗心腹部胀满、呼吸短促。用草豆蔻一两，去掉外皮研成细末。用生姜汤调服五分。
〔李东垣〕太阴经邪气盛至极点表现为蓄积胀满。辨析说：脾是阴中之太阴。又说：脾是阴中之至阴，乃是坤元（大地之德）亘古不变的土地。天为阳，属火。地为阴，属水。在人体则对应脾，同于阴水的化生。脾有余则导致腹胀满，食物不消化，所以没有阳气就不能消化五谷，脾气过盛乃是大寒导致胀满。所以《脉经》说：胃中有寒则胀满。大抵这类疾病都是水气寒湿造成的。治疗宜用大辛大热的药剂，必定痊愈。然而也有轻重之分。
木香塌气丸 治疗中焦胀满、腹部胀大，下焦虚损者。
萝卜子（炒） 陈皮（去白。各五钱） 胡椒（二钱） 草豆蔻（面裹，煨） 木香 青皮（各一钱） 蝎梢（去毒，二钱半）
以上研成细末，用水调制成丸，如梧桐子大。每次服用三十丸，温米饮送下。忌食油腻，服用白粥一百天，重症者一年。小儿丸药如麻子大。桑白皮汤送下十丸，每日三次。大人阴囊洪肿冰冷，需用青盐、干姜、白面各三钱，和水调成膏摊在纸上涂贴。
各种腹部胀大，都属于热证。（全文见诊法篇。）各种病伴有声响，叩击如鼓声，都属于热证。
〔李东垣〕中满分消丸 治疗中焦胀满热胀、鼓胀、气胀、水气胀、大热胀，有寒证者不治。
黄芩（炒） 黄连（各五钱。炒） 姜黄 白术 人参（去芦） 甘草（炙） 猪苓（去皮。各一钱） 白茯苓（去皮） 砂仁（各二钱） 枳实（炒黄） 半夏（汤泡。各五钱） 干姜（二钱） 浓朴（去皮，炒，一两） 知母（炒，四钱） 泽泻（二钱） 陈皮（三钱）
以上共研成细末，用水浸蒸饼制成丸，如梧桐子大。每次服用一百丸，焙干，白开水送下，饭后服用。因寒证用热药，所以焙干后服用。
〔朱丹溪〕有一位第二小娘，食积挟湿，手足生疮，腹部胀满面浮肿，口渴食少，膈部胀满，小便少，大便干结。
大腹皮 干葛（各二钱） 黄芩（五钱） 陈皮（五钱） 浓朴（三钱） 川芎（三钱） 炙甘草（一钱） 白术（一两） 木通（半两） 姜三片，煎服。
南二孺人，面部浮肿肚子胀。
苍术（五钱） 黄柏（三钱，炒） 白术（一两半） 陈皮（一钱） 木通（二钱） 川芎（五分） 滑石（炒，一钱半） 甘草（二钱，炙） 浓朴（五分）
裴孺人，年五十二岁，气上冲膈部胀满，食少，这是积热生湿。诊得左手三部脉涩小，右手三部脉微数，重取稍大。喜欢得到无弦脉，为可治之病。
白术（一两） 青皮（三钱） 陈皮 浓朴（各五钱） 大腹皮（二钱） 片芩（炒） 木通（五钱） 苏梗 川芎（各三钱） 桂枝（三钱） 甘梢（一钱半）
分十帖。姜二片，煮水饮用。煎渣的汤送下保和丸三十丸。
〔《内经》〕患腹胀满闷。挖山栀根少许，煎水调服一盏。女人血气腹肿，用山栀根末三钱，热酒空腹服之。
〔张仲景〕寸口脉迟而涩，迟则为寒，涩则为血不足。跗阳脉微而迟，微则为气虚，迟则为寒。寒气与血不足，则手足逆冷，手足逆冷则营卫运行不利，营卫不利则腹部胀满肠鸣相互追逐，气转注膀胱，营卫俱劳损。阳气不通即身体冷，阴气不通即骨骼寒。阳气前通则恶寒，阴气前通则麻木不仁。阴阳相合，其气乃行，大气一转，其气乃散。实证则失气，虚证则遗尿，名叫气分。
气分，谓气不通利而胀；血分，谓血不通利而胀，并非胀病之外又别有气分、血分之病。大概气血不通利，则水也不通利而尿少，尿少则腹中水逐渐积聚而为肿胀。但气分，心下坚大而病发于上；血分，血结胞门而病发于下。气分先病水胀后经断；血分先经断后病水胀也。（血分治法，见水腹胀门。）
腹满 胀，支膈 胁，下厥上冒，过在足太阴、阳明。（全文见治虚实条。）
〔《素问》〕太阴所谓病胀者，太阴主令之时也。十一月，万物之气皆藏于中，故曰病胀。（脉解篇）
上述脾胃胀，治法见前补虚行湿条诸方是也。
肾气实则胀。（全文见治虚实条。）二阴一阳，发病善胀，心满善气。（全文见诊病传变。）
运气致胀有七种：
一是湿助脾盛而胀。经云：诸湿肿满，皆属脾土。又说：岁土太过，甚则饮食中满。又说：岁土不及，湿乃大行，民病肿满。又说：土郁之发，民病心腹胀满，肠鸣。又说：太阳司天，寒气下临，湿气变物，水饮内蓄，中满不发，甚则水肿，治以诸热剂是也。
二是风攻脾虚而胀。经云：厥阴在泉，风淫所胜，病腹胀，治以辛凉剂是也。
三是寒胀。经云：水太过曰流衍。流衍之纪，其病胀。又说：岁水太过，寒气流行，甚则腹大胫肿。又说：水郁之发，民病痞坚腹满。又说：太阳之胜，皮肤痞肿腹满。又说：太阴司天之政，民病寒湿腹满，身肿。三之气，感于寒湿，民病水肿胸腹满，治以诸热剂是也。
四是燥胀。经云：阳明之复，腹胀而泄，治以温剂是也。
五是寒郁热于中而胀。经云：阳明司天之政，初之气，寒雨化，其病中热胀。又说：太阳司天之政，二之气，大凉反至，火气遂抑，民病气郁中满是也。
六是寒热相搏而胀。经云：少阴司天之政，水火寒热接于气交，民病腹胀大。又说：太阴司天之政，四之气，寒风晓暮，蒸热相搏，民病心腹满热胪胀，甚则水肿是也。
七是火郁之发胀。经云：火郁之发，民病胁腹、胸背、面首、四肢胪胀是也。
〔梅〕治疗腹满不能服药导引方。取独蒜煨熟，去皮，纳入下部（肛门），冷即更换。
〔《灵枢》〕黄帝说：脉象应于寸口，如何判断为胀？岐伯说：其脉大坚以涩者，是胀病。黄帝说：怎么知道脏腑的胀？岐伯说：阴为脏，阳为腑。黄帝说：气使人胀，是在血脉之中呢？还是脏腑之内呢？岐伯说：两者都存在，然而不是胀的居所。黄帝说：愿闻胀的居所？岐伯说：夫胀者，都在脏腑之外，排挤脏腑而廓充胸胁，胀及皮肤，所以命曰胀。黄帝说：脏腑在胸胁、腹里之内，如同匣柜收藏禁器。各有次舍，异名而同处。一域之中，其气各异，愿闻其故？岐伯说：夫胸腹，是脏腑的外郭。膻中者，是心主的宫城。胃者，是太仓。咽喉小肠者，是传送之官。胃之五窍者，是闾里门户。廉泉玉英者，是津液之道。所以五脏六腑者，各有畔界，其病各有形状。黄帝说：愿闻胀的形状？岐伯说：夫心胀者，烦心短气，卧不安。（《甲乙经》说：心输主之，亦取列缺。）肺胀者，虚满而喘咳。（《甲乙经》说：肺输主之，亦取太渊。）肝胀者，胁下满而痛引小腹。（《甲乙》说：肝俞主之，亦取太冲。）脾胀者，善哕，四肢烦扰，体重不能胜衣，卧不安。（《甲乙》说：脾俞主之，亦取太白。）肾胀者，腹满引背，央央然腰髀痛。（《甲乙》说：肾俞主之，亦取太溪。）胃胀者，腹满，胃脘痛，鼻闻焦臭，妨于食，大便难。（《甲乙》说：中脘主之，亦取章门。）大肠胀者，肠鸣而痛濯濯，冬日重感于寒，则飧泄不化。（《甲乙》说：天枢主之。）小肠胀者，少腹胀，引腰而痛。（《甲乙》说：中主之。）膀胱胀者，少腹满而气癃。（《甲乙》说：曲骨主之。）三焦胀者，气满于皮肤中，轻轻然而不坚。（《甲乙》说：石门主之。）胆胀者，胁下痛胀，口中苦，善太息。（《甲乙》说：阳陵泉主之。）凡此诸胀者，其道在一，明知逆顺，针数不失。泻虚补实，神去其室，致邪失正，真不可定，粗之所败，谓之天命。补虚泻实，神归其室，久塞其空，谓之良工。黄帝说：胀者焉生？何因而有？岐伯说：卫气之在身也，常然并脉，循分肉，行有逆顺，阴阳相随，乃得天和。五脏更始，四时循序，五谷乃化。然后厥气在下，荣卫留止，寒气逆上，真邪相攻，两气相搏，乃合为胀也。荣气循脉，卫气逆为脉胀；卫气并脉，循分为肤胀。三里而泻，近者一下，远者三下，无问虚实，工在疾泻。（“荣卫循脉”至此三十九字，原误在“病各有形”之下，“黄帝曰∶愿闻”之上。有，“三里而泻”之上，当有脱简。《甲乙》说：凡五脏六腑之胀皆取三里，三里者胀之要穴也。）黄帝说：善。何以解惑？岐伯说：合之于真，三合而得。帝说：善。黄帝说：胀论言无问虚实，工在疾泻，近者一下，远者三下。今有其三而不下者，其过焉在？岐伯说：此言陷于肉肓，而中气穴者也。不中气穴，则气内闭，针不陷肓，则气不行，上越中肉，则卫气相乱，阴阳相逐。其于胀也，当泻不泻，气故不下。三而不下，必更其道，气下乃止，不下复始，可以万全，乌有殆者乎？其于胀也，必审其脉，当泻则泻，当补则补，如鼓应桴，恶有不下者乎。（胀论篇）
刺灸治胀有七法：
其一取血络。经云：肤胀，先取胀之血络是也。
其二取胃。经前篇胀论所谓三里而泻，近者一下，远者三下，无问虚实，工在疾泻，是其一法也。又说：胃者水谷之海，其输上在气街，下至三里。水谷之海有余则腹满，审守其输，调其虚实。又说：胃病者，腹胀，取之三里也。又说：胃足阳明之脉，是动则病贲响腹胀。胃中寒则胀满，视盛虚热寒陷下取之。是胀病大法，皆泻胃穴三里也。
其三取脾。经云：腹满食不化，腹响响不能大便，取足太阴。又说：脾足太阴之脉，是动病腹胀嘻噫。视盛虚热寒陷下取之。又说：脾虚则腹满，肠鸣飧泄，取其经太阴、阳明、少阴血者。又说：足太阴之别，名曰公孙，去本节之后一寸，别走阳明。其别者入络，肠胃虚则鼓胀。取之所别也，是胀之虚者，多补足太阴脾穴也。
其四取肾、膀胱。经云：肾病者，腹大胫肿，取其经少阴、太阳血者。又说：肾藏志，志有余则腹胀飧泄，泻然筋血者。又说：邪在肾，则病腹胀腰痛，大便难，取之涌泉、昆仑。是有血者，尽取之。又说：腹满，大便不利，腹大，亦上走胸嗌，喘息喝喝然，取足少阴。又说：男子如蛊，女子如阻，身体腰脊如解，不欲饮食，先取涌泉见血。是跗上盛者，尽见血也。又说：胀取三阳，是胀病多泻肾经诸穴也。
其五取三焦委阳穴。经云：三焦病者，腹气满，小腹尤坚，不得小便，窘急，溢则水留，即为胀，取委阳是也。盖不得小便，则水无所泄，其水溢出，皮肤肿者为水，其水留于腹中，独腹胀者为胀也。
其六取肺。经云：振寒洒洒鼓颔，不汗出，腹胀烦扰，取手太阴是也。
其七取厥病成胀。经云：阳明之厥，腹满不得卧；太阴之厥，腹满胀；少阴之厥，腹满心痛；厥阴之厥，少腹肿痛，腹胀。盛则泻之，虚则补之，不盛不虚，以经取之是也。
〔《秘》〕鼓胀之状，腹身皆大：脐上下左右（各刺二寸二分。）中脘 通关 三里 （手） 肤胀之状，空而不坚，腹身尽肿，按之陷而不起：太白 公孙 复溜 绝骨 三里 分水
〔《玉》〕腹胀：分水（二寸半。）气海 三里 三阴交 人中 腹胀并两足有水：内庭（五分，泻灸）。临泣（三分，泻。用香油抹穴，可出一身之水。）
〔《摘》〕腹暴胀，按之不下：中脘 气海 三里。
〔世〕单蛊胀，气喘：水分（在分水旁各一寸半，针入二寸半，灸五十壮。）
又法：分水 三里 行间 内庭 右关 气海（各灸二七壮。）
〔东〕腹胀脐突，缺盆中满，尻腰肿：大敦 天牖 昆仑
〔《甲乙经》〕寒气腹满，癃淫烁，身热，腹中积聚疼痛，冲门主之。腹满响响然不便，心下有寒痛，商丘主之。腹胀善满，积气，关门主之。腹中气盛，腹胀逆不得卧，阴陵泉主之。腹胀肠鸣，气上冲胸，不能久立，腹中痛濯濯，冬日重感于寒则泄，当脐而痛，肠胃间游气切痛，食不化，不嗜食，身肿侠脐急，天枢主之。腹中有大热不安，腹有大气，相和挟，暴腹胀满，癃淫烁，气冲主之。腹满痛，不得息，正卧屈一膝，伸一股，并气冲，针入三寸，气至泻之。肠中寒，胀满善噫，闻食臭，胃气不足，肠鸣胀满，腹痛泄，食不化，心下胀，三里主之。大肠有热，肠鸣腹满，侠脐痛，食不化，喘不能久立，巨虚上廉主之。腹满不嗜食，冲阳主之。寒腹满胀，厉兑主之。男子如蛊，女子如阻，寒热，少腹偏肿，阴谷主之。胃中寒胀，食多，身体羸瘦，腹中满而鸣，腹膜风厥，胸胁满，呕吐，脊急痛，筋挛，食不下，胃输主之。头痛，食不下，肠鸣胪胀，欲吐时泄注，三焦俞主之。腹满胪胀，大便泄，意舍主之。胪胀水肿，饮食不下，多寒，胃仓主之。腹满不能食，刺脊中。寒中伤饱，食饮不化，五脏满胀，心腹胸胁满，脉虚则生百病，上脘主之。腹胀不通，寒中伤饱，食饮不化，中脘主之。水肿水气行皮中，阴交主之。水肿腹大，水胀水气行皮中，石门主之。腹满，胃中有热，不嗜食，悬钟主之。
〔《素问》〕脉盛而紧曰胀。（平人气象论 胀论 脉大坚以涩为胀。）
唇偏举者脾偏倾，脾偏倾则善满、善胀。（全文见诊法篇。）腹胀，身热，脉大，是逆证。如是者，不过十五日死矣。（全文见诊生死，下同。胀或兼身热，或兼如疟状，皆不可治，累验。）腹大胀，四末清，脱形，泄甚，是逆证。如是者，不及一时死矣。腹胀便血，其脉大，时绝，是逆证。呕咳腹胀，且飧泄，其脉绝，
[Qianjin Fang] Treats fullness and distension of the heart and abdomen, with shortness of breath. Use one liang of Cardamomi Fructus (Caodoukou), remove the peel, and grind into a fine powder. Take five fen mixed with Ginger Decoction (Shengjiang Tang).
[Li Dongyuan] When Taiyin pathogenic factors reach their extreme, it manifests as accumulation and fullness/distension. Analysis states: The Spleen is the Inner Yin of Taiyin. It is also said that the Spleen is the Inner Yin of Extreme Yin, representing the Earth element of Kun Yuan (Earth Virtue) which remains unchanged since ancient times. Heaven is Yang, belonging to Fire. Earth is Yin, belonging to Water. In the human body, this corresponds to the Spleen, sharing the transformation of Yin Water. If the Spleen has excess, it leads to abdominal fullness/distension and indigestion; thus, without Yang Qi, it cannot transform the five grains. Excessive Spleen Qi results in great Cold causing fullness/distension. Therefore, the Mai Jing (Pulse Classic) states: Cold in the Stomach causes fullness/distension. Generally, these diseases are caused by Water Qi, Cold, and Dampness. Treatment should employ Great Acrid-Hot formulas, which will surely cure. However, there are degrees of severity.
Muxiang Taqi Wan (Wood Fragrance Collapsing Qi Pill) treats middle jiao fullness/distension and abdominal enlargement due to lower jiao deficiency.
Radish Seed (Luobozi, fried) 5 qian, Tangerine Peel (Chenpi, white part removed) 5 qian, Pepper (Hujiao) 2 qian, Cardamomi Fructus (Caodoukou, wrapped in flour and baked) , Aucklandiae Radix (Muxiang) , Green Tangerine Peel (Qingpi) 1 qian, Scorpion Tail (Xieshao, poison removed) 2.5 qian.
Grind all into a fine powder, mix with water to form pills the size of Sophora seeds. Take thirty pills each time, swallowed with warm rice drink. Avoid greasy food; consume plain congee for one hundred days, or one year for severe cases. For children, make pills the size of hemp seeds. Take ten pills with Mulberry Bark Decoction (Sangbaipi Tang), three times a day. For adults with swollen, cold scrotum, use three qian each of Green Salt (Qingyan), Dried Ginger (Ganjiang), and White Flour, mix with water to form a paste, spread on paper, and apply externally.
Various types of abdominal enlargement belong to Heat patterns. (Full text see Diagnosis section.) Various diseases accompanied by sounds, where percussion yields a drum-like sound, belong to Heat patterns.
[Li Dongyuan] Zhongman Fenxiao Wan (Middle Fullness Dispersing and Differentiating Pill) treats middle jiao fullness/distension, heat distension, drum distension, qi distension, water qi distension, and great heat distension. Cases with Cold patterns are not treated.
Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin, fried) 5 qian, Coptidis Rhizoma (Huanglian, fried) 5 qian, Curcumae Longae Rhizoma (Jianghuang) , Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (Baizhu) , Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma (Renshen, radix removed) , Licorice Root (Gancao, honey-fried) , Polyporus (Zhuling, peel removed) 1 qian, Poria (Baifuling, peel removed) , Amomi Fructus (Sharen) 2 qian, Immature Bitter Orange (Zhishi, fried yellow) , Pinelliae Tuber (Banxia, soaked in boiling water) 5 qian, Dried Ginger (Ganjiang) 2 qian, Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex (Nongpou, peel removed, fried) 1 liang, Anemarrhenae Rhizoma (Zhimu, fried) 4 qian, Alismatis Rhizoma (Zexie) 2 qian, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (Chenpi) 3 qian.
Grind all together into a fine powder, soak in water, steam with leavened bread dough, and form pills the size of Sophora seeds. Take one hundred pills each time, bake until dry, and swallow with plain hot water after meals. Because Cold patterns are treated with Hot methods, they are baked before administration.
[Zhu Danxi] A second young woman had food stagnation complicated by Dampness, sores on hands and feet, abdominal fullness with facial edema, thirst, poor appetite, chest fullness, scanty urination, and constipation.
Arecae Pericarpium (Dafupi) 2 qian, Kudzu Root (Gange) 2 qian, Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin) 5 qian, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (Chenpi) 5 qian, Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex (Nongpou) 3 qian, Chuanxiong Rhizome (Chuanxiong) 3 qian, Honey-fried Licorice (Zhigan) 1 qian, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (Baizhu) 1 liang, Akebia Caulis (Mutong) half liang, three slices of Ginger, decoct and take.
Second Lady Nan had facial edema and abdominal distension.
Atractylodis Rhizoma (Cangzhu) 5 qian, Phellodendri Cortex (Huangbai, fried) 3 qian, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (Baizhu) 1.5 liang, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (Chenpi) 1 qian, Akebia Caulis (Mutong) 2 qian, Chuanxiong Rhizome (Chuanxiong) 5 fen, Talcum (Huashi, fried) 1.5 qian, Licorice Root (Gancao, honey-fried) 2 qian, Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex (Nongpou) 5 fen.
Lady Pei, aged fifty-two, had qi rushing up to the chest causing fullness and poor appetite; this was accumulated Heat generating Dampness. Pulse diagnosis revealed the left three positions were choppy and small, the right three positions were slightly rapid, and deep pressure felt slightly larger. The absence of a Wiry pulse was favorable, indicating a treatable condition.
Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (Baizhu) 1 liang, Green Tangerine Peel (Qingpi) 3 qian, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (Chenpi) , Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex (Nongpou) 5 qian each, Arecae Pericarpium (Dafupi) 2 qian, Scutellariae Radix (Pianqin, fried) , Akebia Caulis (Mutong) 5 qian, Perilla Stem (Sugeng) , Chuanxiong Rhizome (Chuanxiong) 3 qian each, Cinnamon Twig (Guizhi) 3 qian, Licorice Tip (Ganshao) 1.5 qian.
Divide into ten doses. Add two slices of Ginger, boil and drink. Decoct the dregs and use the liquid to swallow thirty Baohe Pills.
[Jing] For abdominal fullness and oppressive stuffiness, dig a small amount of Gardenia Root (Shanzhigen), decoct in water, and take one cup mixed. For women with blood-qiu abdominal swelling, take three qian of Gardenia Root powder with hot wine on an empty stomach.
[Zhang Zhongjing] The Cun Kou pulse is slow and choppy; slow indicates Cold, choppy indicates Blood deficiency. The Fu Yang pulse is faint and slow; faint indicates Qi deficiency, slow indicates Cold. Cold Qi combined with Blood deficiency leads to cold extremities. Cold extremities cause improper circulation of Ying and Wei Qi. Improper Ying and Wei circulation leads to abdominal fullness and borborygmus chasing each other, Qi shifting to the Bladder, and exhaustion of both Ying and Wei. Obstruction of Yang Qi causes body coldness; obstruction of Yin Qi causes bone coldness. Premature flow of Yang Qi causes aversion to cold; premature flow of Yin Qi causes numbness and insensitivity. When Yin and Yang harmonize, Qi flows; when the Great Qi rotates, stagnation disperses. Excess manifests as passing gas; deficiency manifests as enuresis. This is named Qi Fen (Qi Division).
Qi Fen refers to distension due to obstructed Qi flow; Xue Fen (Blood Division) refers to distension due to obstructed Blood flow. It does not mean there are separate Qi and Blood diseases outside of general distension. Generally, if Qi and Blood are obstructed, Water metabolism is also obstructed, leading to scanty urine. Scanty urine causes water to accumulate in the abdomen, resulting in swelling. However, Qi Fen presents with hardness below the heart and onset from above; Xue Fen involves Blood stasis at the Uterus gate and onset from below. In Qi Fen, water swelling occurs first, followed by amenorrhea; in Xue Fen, amenorrhea occurs first, followed by water swelling. (Treatment for Xue Fen is seen in the Water Abdominal Distension section.)
Abdominal fullness and distension, supporting the diaphragm and hypochondrium, lower reversal and upper dizziness, involve the Foot Taiyin and Foot Yangming meridians. (Full text see Treating Deficiency and Excess section.)
[Su Wen] What Taiyin calls disease of distension occurs when Taiyin governs. In the eleventh month, the Qi of all things hides within, hence it is called disease of distension. (Mai Jie Pian)
The aforementioned Spleen and Stomach distensions are treated according to the formulas in the previous tonifying deficiency and moving dampness sections.
Kidney Qi excess causes distension. (Full text see Treating Deficiency and Excess section.) Two Yin and One Yang, disease onset often features distension and frequent sighing. (Full text see Diagnosis of Disease Transmission.)
There are seven types of distension caused by Six Qi transformations:
First, Dampness assisting Spleen excess causing distension. The Classics state: All dampness, swelling, and fullness belong to Spleen Earth. Also: When Year Earth is excessive, severe cases feature dietary fullness. Also: When Year Earth is deficient, Dampness prevails greatly, and people suffer from swelling and fullness. Also: When Earth Depression erupts, people suffer from heart/abdominal fullness and borborygmus. Also: When Solar governs, Cold Qi descends, Dampness transforms objects, Water drinks accumulate internally, middle fullness does not emit, severe cases feature edema; treatment uses various Hot agents.
Second, Wind attacking Spleen deficiency causing distension. The Classics state: When Jueyin is in the lower position, Wind excess wins, causing abdominal distension; treatment uses Acrid-Cool agents.
Third, Cold distension. The Classics state: Excessive Water is called Liuyan. In the era of Liuyan, the disease is distension. Also: When Year Water is excessive, Cold Qi spreads, severe cases feature large abdomen and swollen shins. Also: When Water Depression erupts, people suffer from痞 hard abdominal fullness. Also: When Solar victory occurs, skin becomes痞 swollen and abdomen full. Also: When Taiyin governs, people suffer from Cold-Damp abdominal fullness and body edema. During the third Qi period, contracting Cold-Damp causes people to suffer from edema and chest/abdominal fullness; treatment uses various Hot agents.
Fourth, Dryness distension. The Classics state: When Yangming rebounds, abdominal distension and diarrhea occur; treatment uses Warm agents.
Fifth, Cold depressing Heat in the middle causing distension. The Classics state: When Yangming governs, during the first Qi, Cold Rain transforms, the disease is middle Heat distension. Also: When Solar governs, during the second Qi, Great Coolness returns, Fire Qi is suppressed, people suffer from Qi depression and middle fullness.
Sixth, Cold and Heat clashing causing distension. The Classics state: When Shaoyin governs, Water, Fire, Cold, and Heat meet at the Qi intersection, people suffer from large abdominal distension. Also: When Taiyin governs, during the fourth Qi, Cold Wind comes morning and evening, steaming Heat clashes, people suffer from heart/abdominal fullness, Heat, and peripheral distension, severe cases feature edema.
Seventh, Fire Depression eruption causing distension. The Classics state: When Fire Depression erupts, people suffer from hypochondriac/abdominal, chest/back, face/head, and limb peripheral distension.
[Mei] To treat abdominal fullness preventing oral medication/movement guidance: Roast a single clove of Garlic until cooked, remove peel, insert into the lower orifice (anus), replace when cool.
[Ling Shu] Huangdi asked: How does the pulse at Cun Kou indicate distension? Qibo answered: A pulse that is large, firm, and choppy indicates distension. Huangdi asked: How do we know the distension of Zang and Fu organs? Qibo answered: Yin represents Zang, Yang represents Fu. Huangdi asked: Does Qi causing distension reside in the blood vessels or within the Zang-Fu organs? Qibo answered: Both exist, but neither is the abode of distension. Huangdi asked: I wish to hear the abode of distension. Qibo answered: Distension resides outside the Zang-Fu organs, pushing against them, filling the chest and hypochondrium, and distending the skin, hence named Distension. Huangdi asked: The Zang-Fu organs are inside the chest, hypochondrium, and abdomen, like treasures in a box. Each has its place, different names but same location. Within one domain, their Qi differs; I wish to know why. Qibo answered: The chest and abdomen are the outer walls of the Zang-Fu organs. Danzhong is the palace city of the Heart Master. Stomach is the Grand Granary. Throat and Small Intestine are transporters. The five openings of the Stomach are village gates. Lianquan and Yuying are channels for fluids. Thus, the Five Zang and Six Fu organs have boundaries, and their diseases have distinct shapes. Huangdi asked: I wish to hear the forms of distension. Qibo answered: Heart distension features vexation, shortness of breath, and restless sleep. (Jia Yi Jing says: Xinshu governs, also take Lieque.) Lung distension features empty fullness, wheezing, and coughing. (Jia Yi Jing says: Feishu governs, also take Taiyuan.) Liver distension features fullness and pain under the hypochondrium radiating to the lower abdomen. (Jia Yi Jing says: Ganshu governs, also take Taichong.) Spleen distension features frequent hiccups, restlessness in limbs, heavy weight unable to bear clothes, and restless sleep. (Jia Yi Jing says: Pishu governs, also take Taibai.) Kidney distension features abdominal fullness pulling to the back, lingering pain in waist and thighs. (Jia Yi Jing says: Shenshu governs, also take Taixi.) Stomach distension features abdominal fullness, epigastric pain, smelling burnt odors in nose, difficulty eating, and difficult defecation. (Jia Yi Jing says: Zhongwan governs, also take Zhangmen.) Large Intestine distension features borborygmus and gurgling pain; if re-exposed to Cold in winter, it causes undigested stool diarrhea. (Jia Yi Jing says: Tianshu governs.) Small Intestine distension features lower abdominal distension pulling to the waist and pain. (Jia Yi Jing says: [Text missing character, likely Zhongji] governs.) Bladder distension features lower abdominal fullness and urinary difficulty. (Jia Yi Jing says: Qugu governs.) Sanjiao distension features Qi fullness in the skin, light and soft but not firm. (Jia Yi Jing says: Shimen governs.) Gallbladder distension features pain and distension under the hypochondrium, bitter taste in mouth, and frequent sighing. (Jia Yi Jing says: Yanglingquan governs.) For all these distensions, the principle is one: clearly knowing reversal and smoothness, needle count is not lost. Tonify deficiency, drain excess. If Shen leaves the chamber, causing evil to prevail and righteousness to be lost, the True Qi cannot be stabilized; this failure by crude practitioners is called Mandate of Heaven. Tonify deficiency, drain excess, return Shen to the chamber, and fill the emptiness for a long time; this is called a skilled artisan. Huangdi asked: How does distension arise? What is the cause? Qibo answered: Wei Qi in the body usually runs alongside the vessels, following muscle spaces, moving with reversal and smoothness, Yin and Yang following each other, achieving Heavenly Harmony. The Five Zang restart cyclically, Four Seasons follow order, Five Grains transform. Then Jue Qi arises below, Ying and Wei stagnate, Cold Qi reverses upward, True and Evil attack each other, two Qi clash, combining to form distension. Ying Qi follows vessels; Wei Qi reversing creates Mai Distension (Vessel Distension); Wei Qi merging with vessels and following spaces creates Fu Distension (Skin Distension). Drain Zusanli; for near cases, needle once; for far cases, needle three times, regardless of deficiency or excess, the artisan's skill lies in rapid draining. ([Note: 39 characters "Ying Wei following vessels" to here were originally misplaced... Jia Yi Jing says: All distensions of Five Zang and Six Fu should take Zusanli; Zusanli is the essential acupoint for distension.]) Huangdi said: Excellent. How to resolve confusion? Qibo answered: Combine with Truth, Three Combinations achieve it. Emperor said: Excellent. Huangdi asked: The Distension Theory says regardless of deficiency or excess, the artisan drains rapidly, near once, far three times. Now some do not descend after three times; where is the fault? Qibo answered: This refers to needles sinking into muscle fat and hitting Qi acupoints. Not hitting Qi acupoints, Qi closes internally; needle not sinking into fat, Qi does not move; rising above into flesh, Wei Qi becomes chaotic, Yin and Yang chase each other. Regarding distension, if draining is needed but not done, Qi does not descend. If three times do not descend, must change the method; only when Qi descends stop; if not descending, start again, can achieve perfection, how could there be danger? Regarding distension, must examine the pulse; if draining needed, drain; if tonifying needed, tonify; like drum responding to beat, how could it not descend? (Zhang Lun Pian)
There are seven methods of acupuncture and moxibustion for treating distension:
First, take blood collaterals. Classics state: For Fu Distension, first take the blood collaterals of the distension.
Second, take the Stomach. As stated in the previous Distension Theory chapter regarding Zusanli drainage: near once, far three times, regardless of deficiency/excess, skill lies in rapid draining. Also: Stomach is the Sea of Water and Grain; its transport points are above at Qichong and below to Zusanli. Excess in the Sea of Water and Grain causes abdominal fullness; carefully guard its transport points, regulate deficiency and excess. Also: Stomach disease features abdominal distension; take Zusanli. Also: Foot Yangming Stomach Meridian movement disease causes rumbling and abdominal distension. Cold in Stomach causes fullness; view excess/deficiency, heat/cold, sinking to select points. This is the major law for distension disease, all draining Stomach acupoint Zusanli.
Third, take the Spleen. Classics state: Abdominal fullness with indigestion, rumbling inability to defecate, take Foot Taiyin. Also: Foot Taiyin Spleen Meridian movement disease causes abdominal distension and belching. View excess/deficiency, heat/cold, sinking to select points. Also: Spleen deficiency causes abdominal fullness, borborygmus, undigested stool diarrhea; take its meridian Taiyin, Yangming, Shaoyin blood points. Also: Foot Taiyin Luo-connecting vessel is named Gongsun, one cun behind the root node, connecting to Yangming. Its branch enters collaterals; deficiency in intestines/stomach causes drum distension. Take the connected point; thus, deficiency distension mostly tonifies Foot Taiyin Spleen acupoints.
Fourth, take Kidney and Bladder. Classics state: Kidney disease features large abdomen and swollen shins; take its meridian Shaoyin, Taiyang blood points. Also: Kidney stores Will; excess Will causes abdominal distension and undigested stool diarrhea; drain Ranjin blood points. Also: Pathogen in Kidney causes abdominal distension, lumbar pain, difficult defecation; take Yongquan, Kunlun. Take all blood points. Also: Abdominal fullness, difficult defecation, large abdomen, also moving up to chest/throat, panting loudly, take Foot Shaoyin. Also: Men like Gu disease, women like obstruction disease, body/waist/spine feel loose, no desire to eat, first take Yongquan until bleeding. If foot top is excess, draw all blood. Also: Distension takes Three Yang; distension disease mostly drains Kidney meridian acupoints.
Fifth, take Sanjiao Weiyang acupoint. Classics state: Sanjiao disease features abdominal Qi fullness, lower abdomen particularly hard, inability to urinate, urgency, overflow causes water retention, becoming distension; take Weiyang. Since inability to urinate means water has no outlet, overflowing water causing skin swelling is Water disease; water remaining in abdomen causing sole abdominal distension is Distension disease.
Sixth, take Lung. Classics state: Shivering chills, shaking chin, no sweat, abdominal distension and restlessness, take Hand Taiyin.
Seventh, take Jueyin disease forming distension. Classics state: Yangming Jue causes abdominal fullness inability to lie down; Taiyin Jue causes abdominal fullness distension; Shaoyin Jue causes abdominal fullness heart pain; Jueyin Jue causes lower abdominal swelling/pain, abdominal distension. Excess drain, deficiency tonify, neither excess nor deficiency take from the meridian.
[Mi] Drum distension shape: abdomen and body both large: Above/below/left/right of umbilicus (needle each 2.2 cun), Zhongwan, Tongguan, Zusanli (Hand). Fu Distension shape: hollow and not firm, abdomen/body fully swollen, pressing sinks and does not rise: Taibai, Gongsun, Fuli, Jiegu, Zusanli, Fen shui.
[Yu] Abdominal distension: Fen shui (2.5 cun), Qihai, Zusanli, Sanyinjiao, Renzhong. Abdominal distension with water in both feet: Neiting (5 fen, drain and moxa), Linqi (3 fen, drain. Apply sesame oil to acupoint, can expel whole body water).
[Zhai] Sudden abdominal distension, pressing does not reduce: Zhongwan, Qihai, Zusanli.
[Shi] Single Gu distension, asthma: Shuifen (1.5 cun beside Shuifen, needle 2.5 cun, moxa 50 Zhu).
Another method: Fen shui, Zusanli, Xingjian, Neiting, Right Guan, Qihai (each moxa 14 Zhu).
[Dong] Abdominal distension with umbilical protrusion, fullness in Clavicular fossa, buttock/lumbar swelling: Dadun, Tianyou, Kunlun.
[Jia Yi Jing] Cold Qi abdominal fullness, strangury/inflammation, body heat, abdominal accumulation/pain, Chongmen governs. Abdominal fullness rumbling inconvenient, cold pain below heart, Shangqiu governs. Abdominal distension prone to fullness, accumulated Qi, Guanmen governs. Abdominal Qi excess, abdominal distension/reversal inability to lie down, Yinlingquan governs. Abdominal distension borborygmus, Qi rushing to chest, unable to stand long, abdominal pain gurgling, winter cold causes diarrhea, pain at umbilicus, wandering Qi cutting pain in intestines/stomach, indigestion, dislike food, body swelling tight at umbilicus, Tianshu governs. Abdominal great Heat uneasiness, large Qi in abdomen, harmonizing/clashing, sudden abdominal fullness, strangury/inflammation, Qichong governs. Abdominal fullness/pain, inability to breathe, lying straight bending one knee, extending one leg, along Qichong, needle 3 cun, when Qi arrives drain. Intestinal Cold, distension/frequent belching, smelling food odor, Stomach Qi deficiency, borborygmus/distension, abdominal pain/diarrhea, indigestion, below-heart distension, Zusanli governs. Large Intestine Heat, borborygmus/abdominal fullness, pain beside umbilicus, indigestion, panting inability to stand long, Juxu Shanglian governs. Abdominal fullness dislike food, Chongyang governs. Cold abdominal fullness/distension, Lidui governs. Men like Gu disease, women like obstruction disease, cold/heat, lower abdomen partial swelling, Yinval governs. Stomach Cold distension, much food, emaciated body, abdominal fullness/rumbling, abdominal membrane Wind Jue, chest/hypochondrium fullness, vomiting, spine urgent pain, tendon spasm, inability to eat, Weishu governs. Headache, inability to eat, borborygmus/peripheral distension, desire to vomit/timely diarrhea, Sanjiaoshu governs. Abdominal fullness/peripheral distension, diarrhea, Yishe governs. Peripheral distension edema, inability to eat/drink, much Cold, Weicang governs. Abdominal fullness inability to eat, pierce Jizhong. Cold injuring fullness, food/drink not transforming, Five Zang fullness/distension, heart/abdomen/chest/hypochondrium fullness, pulse deficiency generates hundred diseases, Shangwan governs. Abdominal distension blockage, Cold injuring fullness, food/drink not transforming, Zhongwan governs. Edema/Water Qi moving in skin, Yinjiao governs. Edema large abdomen, Water distension/Water Qi moving in skin, Shimen governs. Abdominal fullness, Heat in Stomach, dislike food, Xuanzhong governs.
[Su Wen] Pulse vigorous and tight is called distension. (Pingren Qixiang Lun, Zhang Lun: Pulse large, firm, and choppy is distension.)
Lip lifting to one side indicates Spleen leaning; Spleen leaning causes frequent fullness/distension. (Full text see Diagnosis.) Abdominal distension, body heat, large pulse, is adverse. Such cases die within fifteen days. (Full text see Diagnosis of Life/Death, same below. Distension combined with body heat or malaria-like symptoms are untreatable, repeatedly verified.) Large abdominal distension, four extremities cold, emaciation, severe diarrhea, is adverse. Such cases die within one double-hour. Abdominal distension with bloody stool, large pulse, intermittent cessation, is adverse. Vomiting/coughing/abdominal distension, plus undigested stool diarrhea, pulse cessation,