〔薛〕经曰∶目者，五脏六腑之精，荣卫魂魄之所常营也，神气之所常主也。又
曰∶诸脉者皆属于目，目得血而能视。五脏六腑精气皆上注于目，而为之精。故白
睛属肺，黑睛属肝，瞳人属肾，上下胞属脾，两 属心，而内 又属膀胱。五腑五
色，各有所司，心主赤，赤甚心实热也，用导赤散，赤微者心虚热也，用生犀散。肝主
青，青甚者肝热也，用泻青丸，淡青者肝虚也，用地黄丸。脾主黄，黄甚者脾热也，
用泻黄散，淡黄者脾虚也，用异功散。目无睛光，及白睛多黑睛少者，肝肾俱不足
也，用地黄丸加鹿茸。昼视通明夜视罔见者，因禀阳气衰弱，遇夜阴盛则阳愈衰，
故不能视也，用冲和养胃汤。凡赤脉翳物从上而下者属足太阳经，用东垣选奇汤。
从下而上者属足阳明经，用《局方》流气饮。盖翳膜者，风热内蕴也，邪气未定谓
之热翳而浮于外，邪气已定谓之冰翳而沉于内，邪气既深谓之陷翳，宜升发之，退
翳之药佐之。若上眼皮下出黑白翳者属太阳寒水，从外至内者属少阳风热，从下至
上绿色者属足阳明及肺肾合病也。疳眼者，因肝火湿热上冲，脾气有亏，不能上升清
气，故生白翳，睫闭不开，眵泪如糊，久而脓流，遂至损目，用益气聪明汤、茯苓
泻湿汤及四味肥儿丸。目闭不开者，因乳食失节，或过服寒凉之药，使阳气下陷不
能升举，故目不开，用柴胡复生汤。若胃气亏损，眼睫无力而不能开者，用补中益
气汤。暴赤肿痛者，肝火炽盛也，用龙胆泻肝汤。多泪羞明者，肝心积热也，用生
犀散。亦有肝肾虚热者，用地黄丸。风沿烂眼者，膈有积热也，用清胃散。时时作
痒者，浓溃生虫也，用点药紫苏膏。眼睫连札者，肝经风热也，用柴胡清肝散。若
生下目黄壮热，大小便秘结，乳食不思，面赤眼闭者，皆由在胎时感母热毒所致，
儿服泻黄散，母服地黄丸。若乳母膏粱积热，致儿目黄者，令母服清胃散。若肢体、
面目、爪甲皆黄，小便如屋尘色者，难治。又有痘疹后余毒未尽，上侵于目者，属
肾肝虚也，用滋阴肾气丸。前证多宜审治其母，兼调其儿。
初生眼不开
胎赤（并见初生门）
【薛己】《内经》说：眼睛，是五脏六腑精气的汇聚之处，也是营气、卫气、魂、魄经常循行所在，更是神气经常主宰的地方。又说：所有的脉络都归属于眼睛，眼睛得到血液的滋养才能看见。五脏六腑的精气都向上灌注到眼睛，从而形成视觉功能。因此，白眼球属肺，黑眼球属肝，瞳孔属肾，上下眼睑属脾，两眼角（眦）属心，而眼内深层组织又属膀胱。五腑与五色，各有其主管范围：心主红色，红色深重的是心经实热，用导赤散；红色轻微的是心经虚热，用生犀散。肝主青色，青色深重的是肝经热盛，用泻青丸；颜色淡青的是肝血虚，用地黄丸。脾主黄色，黄色深重的是脾经热盛，用泻黄散；颜色淡黄的是脾气虚，用异功散。眼睛没有神采光泽，以及白眼球多而黑眼球少的，是肝肾两脏都不足的表现，用地黄丸加鹿茸。白天视力清晰，晚上视力模糊或看不见的，是因为先天禀赋阳气衰弱，遇到夜晚阴气盛时阳气更加衰微，所以不能视物，用冲和养胃汤。凡是红脉和翳膜从上往下长的，属于足太阳经病变，用东垣选奇汤。从下往上长的，属于足阳明经病变，用《太平惠民和剂局方》中的流气饮。大概翳膜的形成，是风热在体内蕴结所致。邪气尚未固定称为“热翳”，浮于外部；邪气已经固定称为“冰翳”，沉于内部；邪气已经深入称为“陷翳”，应当使用升发药配合退翳药物。如果上眼皮下方出现黑白翳膜，属于太阳寒水之证；从外向内发展的，属于少阳风热；从下往上发展且呈绿色的，属于足阳明经及肺肾合病。疳积眼（疳眼），是因为肝火湿热上冲，脾气亏损，不能上升清气，所以产生白翳，睫毛粘连闭合无法睁开，眼屎眼泪像糊状，时间久了化脓流出，导致眼睛受损，用益气聪明汤、茯苓泻湿汤及四味肥儿丸。眼睛闭合无法睁开的，是因为哺乳饮食不节制，或者过服寒凉药物，使阳气下陷而不能升举，所以眼睛睁不开，用柴胡复生汤。如果是胃气亏损，眼睑无力而无法睁开的，用补中益气汤。突然发生眼睛红肿疼痛的，是肝火炽盛，用龙胆泻肝汤。流泪多且怕光的，是肝心积热，用生犀散。也有因肝肾虚热导致的，用地黄丸。风沿烂眼（眼睑边缘溃烂），是膈间有积热，用清胃散。不时感到瘙痒的，是脓液溃烂生虫，用点眼药紫苏膏。眼睑抽搐连带的，是肝经风热，用柴胡清肝散。如果婴儿出生后即目黄壮热，大小便便秘结，不吃奶，面红眼闭，这都是因为在母胎时感染了母亲的胎毒热邪所致，婴儿服用泻黄散，母亲服用地黄丸。如果乳母食用肥甘厚味导致积热，致使婴儿目黄的，让母亲服用清胃散。如果肢体、面目、指甲都发黄，小便像屋尘颜色的，难以治疗。又有痘疹之后余毒未尽，向上侵犯眼睛的，属于肝肾虚损，用滋阴肾气丸。上述病症大多应当仔细诊治其母亲，同时调理婴儿。
初生婴儿眼睛不睁开
胎赤（详见初生门章节）
[Xue Ji] The *Classic of Internal Medicine* states: The eyes are the gathering place of the essence of the five zang organs and six fu organs; they are where Ying (Nutritive) Qi, Wei (Defensive) Qi, Hun (Ethereal Soul), and Po (Corporeal Soul) frequently circulate, and where Shen (Spirit) frequently governs. It further states: All meridians and collaterals connect to the eyes; the eyes can see only when nourished by blood. The essence of the five zang organs and six fu organs all ascend and pour into the eyes to form visual function. Therefore, the sclera (white part of the eye) belongs to the Lung, the cornea/iris area (black part of the eye) belongs to the Liver, the pupil belongs to the Kidney, the upper and lower eyelids belong to the Spleen, the two canthi (corners of the eyes) belong to the Heart, and the inner deep tissues belong to the Bladder. The five fu organs and five colors each have their specific domains: The Heart governs red; intense red indicates Excess Heat in the Heart, treated with Daochi San (Coptis Decoction); slight red indicates Deficiency Heat in the Heart, treated with Shengxi San (Raw Rhinoceros Horn Decoction). The Liver governs green/blue; intense blue/green indicates Liver Heat, treated with Xieqing Wan (Drain the Green Pill); pale blue/green indicates Liver Blood Deficiency, treated with Dihuang Wan (Rehmannia Pill). The Spleen governs yellow; intense yellow indicates Spleen Heat, treated with Xiehuang San (Drain the Yellow Powder); pale yellow indicates Spleen Qi Deficiency, treated with Yigong San (Extraordinary Power Powder). Lack of luster in the eyes, or a sclera that is large relative to the iris/pupil, indicates insufficiency of both the Liver and Kidney, treated with Dihuang Wan (Rehmannia Pill) plus Lu Rong (Deer Antler). Clear vision during the day but blurred or absent vision at night is due to congenital weakness of Yang Qi; when Yin Qi becomes dominant at night, Yang Qi becomes even weaker, thus impairing vision, treated with Chonghe Yangwei Tang (Harmonizing and Stomach-Nourishing Decoction). Red vessels and nebulae growing from top to bottom belong to the Foot-Taiyang Meridian, treated with Dongyuan Xuanqi Tang (Dongyuan's Selective Marvel Decoction). Those growing from bottom to top belong to the Foot-Yangming Meridian, treated with Liuqi Yin (Flowing Qi Decoction) from the *Jufang*. Generally, nebulae formation results from internal accumulation of Wind-Heat. When pathogenic factors are unsettled, it is called "Hot Nebula" (Re Yi), floating externally; when settled, it is called "Ice Nebula" (Bing Yi), sinking internally; when deeply entrenched, it is called "Sunken Nebula" (Xian Yi), requiring ascending and dispersing herbs assisted by nebula-dispelling agents. If black and white nebulae appear beneath the upper eyelid, it belongs to Taiyang Cold-Water syndrome; progressing from outside to inside belongs to Shaoyang Wind-Heat; progressing from bottom to top with a green hue belongs to a combined disease of the Foot-Yangming Meridian, Lung, and Kidney. Gan Eye (Kwashiorkor-related Ophthalmopathy) arises from Liver Fire and Damp-Heat rushing upward, coupled with Spleen Qi deficiency failing to ascend clear Yang, resulting in white nebulae, eyelids glued shut unable to open, discharge resembling paste, which over time suppurates and damages the eye, treated with Yiqi Congming Tang (Benefiting Qi and Brightening Eyes Decoction), Fuling Xieshi Tang (Poria Draining Dampness Decoction), and Siwei Fei'er Wan (Four-Ingredient Fat-Nourishing Pill). Eyes closed and unable to open result from irregular breastfeeding/diet or excessive intake of cold-cooling medicines causing Yang Qi to sink and fail to rise, treated with Chaihu Fusheng Tang (Bupleurum Restoring Life Decoction). If inability to open eyes is due to Stomach Qi deficiency and weak eyelids, treat with Buzhong Yiqi Tang (Tonify the Middle and Benefit Qi Decoction). Sudden redness, swelling, and pain indicate blazing Liver Fire, treated with Longdan Xiegan Tang (Gentian Drain Liver Decoction). Excessive tearing and photophobia indicate accumulated Heat in the Liver and Heart, treated with Shengxi San (Raw Rhinoceros Horn Decoction). Cases due to Deficiency Heat in the Liver and Kidney are treated with Dihuang Wan (Rehmannia Pill). Marginal blepharitis (Wind-edge rotting eye) indicates accumulated Heat in the Diaphragm, treated with Qingwei San (Clear Stomach Powder). Intermittent itching indicates suppuration and parasitic infestation, treated with topical Zisu Gao (Perilla Ointment). Eyelid twitching/spasms indicate Wind-Heat in the Liver Meridian, treated with Chaihu Qinggan San (Bupleurum Clearing Liver Powder). If an infant presents with jaundice, high fever, constipation of urine and stool, refusal to feed, flushed face, and closed eyes at birth, these are caused by maternal heat-toxins contracted in utero; the infant takes Xiehuang San (Drain the Yellow Powder), and the mother takes Dihuang Wan (Rehmannia Pill). If the nursing mother's consumption of rich/greasy foods causes accumulated heat leading to infant jaundice, the mother should take Qingwei San (Clear Stomach Powder). If limbs, face, eyes, and nails are all yellow, and urine resembles house-dust color, the prognosis is difficult. Another condition involves residual toxins from smallpox/rash not fully cleared, ascending to invade the eyes, belonging to Liver-Kidney Deficiency, treated with Ziyin Shenqi Wan (Nourishing Yin and Kidney Qi Pill). For the above conditions, it is often advisable to carefully treat the mother while simultaneously regulating the infant.
Newborn Eyes Not Opening
Fetal Redness (See Section on Newborns)