寒气暴上，（因寒而气上暴喘也。）脉满而实，何如。曰∶实而滑则生，实而逆则死。脉实满，手足寒，
头热，何如？曰∶春秋则生，冬夏则死。脉浮而涩，涩而身有热者死。其形尽满，（身面俱肿。）何如？曰∶
其形尽满者，脉急大坚，尺涩而不应也。如是者，从则生，逆则死。所谓从者，手足温也。所
谓逆者，手足寒也。（上喘满 肿。）
肠 便血，何如？曰∶身热则死，寒则生。脉悬绝（此专指悬绝小也，不言小者，对下文滑大而可知
也。）则死，滑大则生。肠 下白沫，何如？曰∶脉沉则生，浮则死。肠 ，身不热，脉
不悬绝，何如？曰∶脉滑大者生，悬涩者死，以脏期之。
泄及便脓血诸过者切之，涩者阳气有余也，滑者阴气有余也。阳气有余为身热无汗，阴气有余为多汗
身寒，阴阳俱有余则无汗而寒。（此发明滑涩寒热之义也。）
肾脉小搏沉为肠 下血，血温身热者死。（《素问》。）
下利，脉大者，为未止。脉微弱数者，为欲自止，虽发热不死。少阴病，吐利，手足不逆冷反发
热者，不死。脉不至者，灸少阴七壮，脉还，手足温者生，不者死。下利，恶
寒而蜷卧，手足温者可治。逆冷者死。（身热有不死者，其热在初起为外感，在日久为胃
中湿热，非阴虚血竭孤阳飞越之躁热。上肠 下利。仲景。）
脉至如搏，血衄，身热者死。脉来悬钩浮，为常脉。（《素问》。）
吐血，咳逆上气，其脉数，而有（一作身。）热，不得卧者死。（此
虚劳败候，自古无治法矣。上衄血吐血。仲景。）
乳子中风热，喘鸣肩息者，脉实大也。缓则生，急则死。乳子而病热，脉悬小者，手足温则生，
寒则死。（上乳子病风热。与常人不同者，乳子则阴血必虚，而阳气亦大耗也。）
阴在内，阳之守也。阳在外，阴之使也。阳胜则身热，腠理闭，喘粗为之俯仰，汗不出而热，齿干
以烦 ，腹满死，能冬不能夏。阴胜则生寒，汗出，身常清，数栗而寒，寒则厥，厥则腹满死，能夏不能
冬。（上虚劳之偏阳偏阴者。俱以腹满为死者，上损下损，过脾皆不治也。《素问》。）
内伤（伤于七情，阴血虚耗。）及劳役饮食饥饱不节者，病则手心热，手背不热。（掌中热而 为
心病。）外伤风寒者，病则手背热盛，过于手心也。（上东垣《内外伤辨》手。）
凡病初起，手足俱冷，为阴寒。手足常畏冷，为阳虚。若足冷手不冷，身体发热，头或痛或不痛者，有
夹阴，有内伤阳虚，亦有湿温病。足冷手温，多汗妄言，此痰气结于中焦，阳气不得下通也。若手冷而足热
如火者，此阴衰于下，阳衰于上，三焦痞隔之象也。亦有因脾胃湿热郁盛，而肺虚
浊气下流者，当有软弱之候。若加感寒湿，当见赤肿，即香港脚是也。（石顽。）
寒气突然上逆，（因寒邪导致气机上逆而突发喘息。）脉象充实且盛大，会怎样？回答说：脉象实而滑利则预后良好，实而涩滞则预后不良。脉象实而盛大，手足寒冷，头部发热，会怎样？回答说：在春季和秋季发病则预后良好，在冬季和夏季发病则预后不良。脉象浮而涩，且身体有发热的，预后不良。形体全身浮肿，（指身体和面部都肿胀。）会怎样？回答说：形体全身浮肿的，脉象急迫、大而坚实，但尺部脉象涩滞且与症状不相呼应。像这种情况，顺证则预后良好，逆证则预后不良。所谓顺证，是指手足温暖。所谓逆证，是指手足寒冷。（上述包括气喘、胸满、浮肿。）
肠道出血便血，会怎样？回答说：身体发热则预后不良，身体不热则预后良好。脉象悬绝（这里专指脉象悬绝细小，不说“小”是因为下文提到滑大可以类推），则预后不良；脉象滑大则预后良好。肠道出血排出白色粘液，会怎样？回答说：脉象沉则预后良好，脉象浮则预后不良。肠道出血，身体不发热，脉象不悬绝，会怎样？回答说：脉象滑大的预后良好，脉象悬而涩滞的预后不良，可以根据脏腑之气衰竭的日期来推断死亡时间。
腹泻以及大便脓血等病症，切按脉象，脉涩是阳气有余，脉滑是阴气有余。阳气有余表现为身体发热无汗，阴气有余表现为多汗身体寒冷，阴阳俱有余则无汗且寒冷。（这是阐发滑脉、涩脉、寒证、热证的含义。）
肾脉小而搏指有力且沉，主肠道出血下血，如果血液温热且身体发热则预后不良。（出自《素问》。）
腹泻，脉象大的，说明病势未止。脉象微弱而数的，说明病情将要自行停止，虽然发热也不会死亡。少阴病，出现呕吐和腹泻，手足不逆冷反而发热的，不会死亡。脉象摸不到的，艾灸少阴经穴位七壮，脉象恢复，手足温暖的预后良好，不恢复的预后不良。腹泻，恶寒且蜷缩而卧，手足温暖的可以治疗。手足逆冷的预后不良。（身体发热也有不死的，这种热如果在初起时属于外感，在日久时属于胃中湿热，并非阴虚血竭、孤阳飞越导致的躁热。上述涉及肠出血、腹泻。张仲景。）
脉象来去如搏击般急促，伴有鼻出血，身体发热的预后不良。脉象来去悬钩而浮，是正常的脉象。（出自《素问》。）
吐血，咳嗽气逆，脉象数，且身体发热，不能安卧的预后不良。（这是虚劳败坏的征候，自古以来没有治疗方法。上述涉及鼻出血、吐血。张仲景。）
哺乳期妇女感受风热，喘息有声、耸肩呼吸的，脉象实大。脉象缓则预后良好，脉象急则预后不良。哺乳期妇女患热病，脉象悬小的，手足温暖则预后良好，手足寒冷则预后不良。（上述涉及哺乳期妇女患风热。与常人不同的地方在于，哺乳期妇女阴血必然虚弱，阳气也大量耗损。）
阴在内，是阳的守持者。阳在外，是阴的役使者。阳胜则身体发热，腠理闭塞，呼吸粗重以致俯仰困难，不出汗且发热，牙齿干燥且心烦，腹部胀满则死，能耐受冬天而不能耐受夏天。阴胜则产生寒冷，出汗，身体经常清冷，频繁战栗而寒冷，寒冷则四肢厥逆，厥逆则腹部胀满则死，能耐受夏天而不能耐受冬天。（上述涉及虚劳偏于阳或偏于阴的情况。都以腹部胀满作为死亡征兆，这是因为上下受损，超过脾脏运化功能皆属不治之症。出自《素问》。）
内伤（由七情所伤，导致阴血虚耗）以及劳累过度、饮食饥饱不节的人，患病时手心发热，手背不发热。（手掌心发热提示心病。）外伤风寒的人，患病时手背发热严重，超过手心。（上述出自李东垣《内外伤辨》关于手的论述。）
凡是疾病初起，手足都冷，属于阴寒证。手足经常怕冷，属于阳虚证。如果脚冷手不冷，身体发热，头部有时痛有时不痛的，有夹阴证，有内伤阳虚证，也有湿温病。脚冷手温，多汗且胡言乱语，这是痰气结聚在中焦，阳气不能向下通达所致。如果手冷而脚热如火，这是阴衰于下，阳衰于上，三焦痞塞阻隔的现象。也有因为脾胃湿热郁盛，而肺虚浊气下流的，应当有软弱无力的征候。如果再感受寒湿，应当见到红肿，这就是香港脚（脚气病）。（出自赵献可/石顽。）
Sudden upward reversal of cold qi, (causing sudden asthma due to cold-induced upward reversal of qi.) with a full and solid pulse, what is the prognosis? It is said: If the pulse is solid and slippery, life is preserved; if it is solid and reversed, death ensues. If the pulse is solid and full, with cold hands and feet but a hot head, what is the prognosis? It is said: In spring and autumn, life is preserved; in winter and summer, death ensues. If the pulse is floating and choppy, and there is fever with a choppy quality, death ensues. If the physical form is completely full, (swelling of the body and face.), what is the prognosis? It is said: For those whose physical form is completely full, the pulse is urgent, large, and firm, while the chi position is choppy and does not correspond to the cun position. In such cases, compliance leads to survival, and non-compliance leads to death. By "compliance" is meant warm hands and feet. By "non-compliance" is meant cold hands and feet. (Above refers to asthma, fullness, and swelling.)
Changpi (Dysentery) with bloody stool, what is the prognosis? It is said: If the body is hot, death ensues; if cool, survival ensues. If the pulse is xuanjue (here specifically referring to a pulse that is xuanjue and small; "small" is omitted to contrast with the subsequent slippery and large pulse), death ensues; if slippery and large, survival ensues. Changpi with white mucus discharge, what is the prognosis? It is said: If the pulse is deep, survival ensues; if floating, death ensues. Changpi without body heat and without a xuanjue pulse, what is the prognosis? It is said: If the pulse is slippery and large, survival ensues; if xuan and choppy, death ensues, which can be predicted by the timing of zang organ exhaustion.
For diarrhea and dysentery with pus and blood, palpation reveals: a choppy pulse indicates excess yang qi, while a slippery pulse indicates excess yin qi. Excess yang qi manifests as body heat and anhidrosis; excess yin qi manifests as profuse sweating and cold body; excess of both yang and yin qi manifests as anhidrosis and coldness. (This elucidates the meanings of slippery/choppy pulses and cold/heat syndromes.)
A kidney pulse that is small, beating, and deep indicates Changpi with bloody stool. If the blood is warm and the body is hot, death ensues. (From *Su Wen*.)
In li (diarrhea/dysentery), a large pulse indicates the condition has not stopped. A weak and rapid pulse indicates the condition is about to stop spontaneously; even with fever, death will not occur. In Shaoyin disease, with vomiting and diarrhea, if the hands and feet are not cold and instead there is fever, death will not occur. If the pulse is absent, moxa should be applied to the Shaoyin acupoints seven times. If the pulse returns and the hands and feet become warm, survival ensues; otherwise, death ensues. In li, with aversion to cold and curling up, if the hands and feet are warm, the condition is treatable. If the hands and feet are cold, death ensues. (Body heat may not lead to death; if occurring at the onset, it is due to external contraction; if occurring after a long duration, it is due to damp-heat in the stomach, not the restlessness of lone yang flying away due to yin deficiency and blood exhaustion. Above refers to Changpi and li. Zhang Zhongjing.)
If the pulse arrives like a blow, accompanied by nasal bleeding (bi xu) and body heat, death ensues. A pulse that is xuan, hook-like, and floating is a normal pulse. (From *Su Wen*.)
Hematemesis, coughing with upward reversal of qi, a rapid pulse, and (alternatively "body") heat, along with inability to lie down, indicate death. (This is a terminal sign of consumptive disease, for which no treatment method has existed since ancient times. Above refers to epistaxis and hematemesis. Zhang Zhongjing.)
When a nursing woman contracts wind-heat, with wheezing and shoulder breathing, the pulse is solid and large. If slow, survival ensues; if rapid/tight, death ensues. When a nursing woman suffers from heat disease, and the pulse is xuan and small, if the hands and feet are warm, survival ensues; if cold, death ensues. (Above refers to nursing women suffering from wind-heat. The difference from ordinary people is that nursing women must have deficient yin blood, and their yang qi is also greatly depleted.)
Yin within is the guardian of Yang. Yang without is the servant of Yin. Yang excess results in body heat, closed pores, coarse breathing requiring forward and backward leaning, anhidrosis with heat, dry teeth, irritability, abdominal fullness leading to death; tolerating winter but not summer. Yin excess results in cold, sweating, constant feeling of coldness, frequent shivering and chills, chills leading to jue (cold extremities), jue leading to abdominal fullness and death; tolerating summer but not winter. (Above refers to consumptive diseases biased towards yang or yin. Abdominal fullness is taken as a sign of death in all cases because damage above and below exceeding the spleen's capacity is untreatable. From *Su Wen*.)
Internal injury (due to emotional injuries causing yin blood depletion) and overwork, combined with irregular diet, result in disease where the palm is hot but the back of the hand is not. (Heat in the palm indicates heart disease.) External contraction of wind-cold results in disease where the back of the hand is hotter than the palm. (Above from Li Dongyuan's *Differentiation of Internal Injury and External Contraction* regarding the hands.)
In the initial stage of any disease, if both hands and feet are cold, it is a yin-cold syndrome. If hands and feet are constantly afraid of cold, it is yang deficiency. If the feet are cold but the hands are not, and the body is feverish, with the head sometimes painful and sometimes not, this may be Jia Yin (clamped yin), internal injury with yang deficiency, or damp-warmth disease. Cold feet with warm hands, profuse sweating, and delirium indicate phlegm-qi knotting in the middle jiao, preventing yang qi from descending. If the hands are cold but the feet are hot as fire, this indicates yin deficiency below and yang deficiency above, a sign of blockage in the three jiao. This may also be caused by excessive damp-heat stagnation in the spleen and stomach, with turbid qi flowing downward due to lung deficiency, presenting with weakness. If additionally affected by cold-dampness, redness and swelling will appear, which is Hong Kong foot (podagra/jamie). (Shi Wan.)