经曰∶西方白色，入通于肺，开窍于鼻。又曰∶五气入鼻，藏于心肺，有病而鼻为不利也。陈飞霞曰∶盖鼻
为肺之窍。鼻塞者，肺气不通于窍。然肺主皮毛，风寒外感，则肺气壅用而鼻塞，川芎膏。鼻涕者，肺为寒风所
袭，而津液不收，则为鼻涕，细辛散疏之。
鼻 者，肺受风寒，久而不散，脓涕结聚不开，使不闻香臭，则 矣，万金膏。
以上三证、皆宜疏利，俱用通气散。鼻干者，心脾有热，上蒸于肺，故津液枯竭而干，当清热生津，导赤散
加麦冬。如病已极，鼻干而黑，窍张帝出冷气者，肺绝也，不治之证。
鼻渊者，流涕腥臭。此胆移热于脑，又名脑崩，宜用辛夷散。
凡小儿初生三朝一七，忽然鼻塞，不能吮乳，不得呼吸者，
因乳母夜卧之时，不知回避，鼻中出气，吹儿囟门，或因洗水未避风寒，所以致儿鼻塞。通关散和葱膏摊帛贴囟
门愈。鼻衄者，五脏积热所致。盖血随气行，得热而妄动，溢出于鼻。宜凉血降火，加减地黄汤，外用吹鼻散。
《集成》川芎膏 治小儿外感风寒，肺气壅闭而鼻塞。
川芎（一钱） 细辛（一钱） 本（一钱） 白芷（一钱） 炙甘草（一钱） 梅花片
（七分） 杏仁（一钱，去皮头） 当门子（三厘）
共研细末，炼蜜为丸，龙眼核大，每服一丸，灯心汤化下。
《集成》细辛散 治小儿风寒所袭，鼻流清涕用。
党参（一钱） 前胡（一钱） 细辛（四分） 防风（一钱） 川芎（五分） 炙甘草（一钱）
共为末，每服一钱，姜葱汤调下。
《集成》万金膏 治小儿风热侵肺，鼻 不闻香臭。
羌活（一钱） 川芎（一钱） 细辛（六分） 木通（一钱） 麻黄（一钱） 菖蒲（一钱）
共为细末，每服一钱，以蜜和匀，姜汤化服。
导赤散（见前夜啼方内）
《集成》丽泽通气散 治小儿鼻涕鼻 用。
羌活（六分） 独活（六分） 苍术（一钱） 防风（一钱） 升麻（五分） 荆芥穗（一钱） 粉干葛（一钱）
白芒（一钱） 川芎（五分） 木通（一钱） 麻黄（一钱） 细辛（五分） 炙草（一钱）
生姜三片。大枣三枚，水煎食后服。
《集成》辛夷散 治小儿鼻流浊涕而腥臭用。
辛夷仁（一钱） 苍耳子（一钱） 白芷（一钱） 薄荷叶（一钱） 黄连（一钱）
共晒干为末，每服一钱，葱汤调下。
《集成》通关散 治乳子鼻塞不能吮乳。
香附子（一钱） 川芎（一钱） 荆芥穗（一钱） 直僵蚕（一钱） 细辛（七分） 猪牙皂（一钱）
共为细末，以葱捣成膏，每用末药五钱。与葱膏和匀，摊软帛上，临卧烘热，贴儿囟门上，早晨取去。
《集成》加减地黄汤 治小儿鼻中出血用。
生地（二钱） 黄芩（一钱） 黑栀仁（一钱） 赤芍（一钱） 茅根（一钱）
水煎温服。
《集成》吹鼻散 治小儿鼻出血用。
黑栀仁（炒） 乱油发（烧存性，俱等分）
共为细末，微吹鼻中。
《黄帝内经》说：西方对应白色，其气内通于肺，鼻为肺之外窍。又说：五气通过鼻腔进入人体，藏纳于心肺之中，若心肺有病，则鼻孔通气不畅。陈飞霞说：鼻子是肺的外窍。鼻塞，是因为肺气不能通达于鼻窍。然而肺主一身之皮毛，若感受风寒外邪，则肺气壅滞郁闭而导致鼻塞，可用川芎膏治疗。流鼻涕，是因为肺被寒风侵袭，导致津液不能收摄，从而流出鼻涕，可用细辛散疏解。
如果鼻塞日久不愈，是肺受风寒之邪，久而不散，致使脓涕结聚不通，使人闻不到香臭气味，这就称为“鼻痔”（此处原文似有缺字或异体，指鼻内生肉如痔），可用万金膏治疗。
以上三种证候，都适宜使用疏利之法，均可以使用通气散。鼻干者，是心脾有热，热气上蒸于肺，导致津液枯竭而干燥，应当清热生津，用导赤散加麦冬治疗。如果病情已经极重，鼻干且颜色发黑，鼻孔张开并呼出冷气，这是肺气绝的表现，属于不治之症。
鼻渊，表现为流出的鼻涕腥臭。这是因为胆经的热邪移注于脑，又被称为“脑崩”，宜用辛夷散治疗。
凡是小儿出生三朝至七天内，突然鼻塞，不能吸吮乳汁，呼吸困难的，是因为乳母夜间睡觉时，不知回避，对着婴儿的囟门呼气；或者因为洗澡时未避开风寒，所以导致婴儿鼻塞。可用通关散配合葱膏，摊在丝帛上贴敷于囟门，即可痊愈。
鼻衄（鼻出血），是由五脏积热所致。血液随着气运行，遇到热邪就会妄动，溢出脉外而从鼻而出。宜用凉血降火的方法，服用加减地黄汤，外用吹鼻散。
《集成》川芎膏：治疗小儿外感风寒，肺气壅闭导致的鼻塞。
川芎（一钱）、细辛（一钱）、藁本（一钱）、白芷（一钱）、炙甘草（一钱）、梅花片（即冰片，七分）、杏仁（一钱，去皮尖）、麝香（当门子，三厘）。
以上药物共研为细末，用炼蜜制成丸药，大小如龙眼核，每次服用一丸，用灯心草煎汤化开送服。
《集成》细辛散：治疗小儿因风寒侵袭，流清鼻涕的情况。
党参（一钱）、前胡（一钱）、细辛（四分）、防风（一钱）、川芎（五分）、炙甘草（一钱）。
以上药物共研为末，每次服用一钱，用姜葱汤调服。
《集成》万金膏：治疗小儿风热侵肺，鼻塞且闻不到香臭的情况。
羌活（一钱）、川芎（一钱）、细辛（六分）、木通（一钱）、麻黄（一钱）、石菖蒲（一钱）。
以上药物共研为细末，每次服用一钱，用蜂蜜调和均匀，姜汤化开服下。
导赤散（见前文夜啼方剂条下）。
《集成》丽泽通气散：治疗小儿流鼻涕、鼻塞的情况。
羌活（六分）、独活（六分）、苍术（一钱）、防风（一钱）、升麻（五分）、荆芥穗（一钱）、粉干葛（一钱）、白蒺藜（白芒，一钱）、川芎（五分）、木通（一钱）、麻黄（一钱）、细辛（五分）、炙甘草（一钱）。
生姜三片，大枣三枚，水煎，饭后服用。
《集成》辛夷散：治疗小儿流浊涕且腥臭的情况。
辛夷仁（一钱）、苍耳子（一钱）、白芷（一钱）、薄荷叶（一钱）、黄连（一钱）。
以上药物共同晒干后研为细末，每次服用一钱，用葱汤调服。
《集成》通关散：治疗婴儿鼻塞不能吸吮乳汁的情况。
香附子（一钱）、川芎（一钱）、荆芥穗（一钱）、直僵蚕（一钱）、细辛（七分）、猪牙皂（一钱）。
以上药物共研为细末，将葱捣烂成膏，每次取药末五钱，与葱膏混合均匀，摊在柔软的丝帛上，临睡前加热，贴敷在婴儿囟门上，早晨取下。
《集成》加减地黄汤：治疗小儿鼻中出血的情况。
生地黄（二钱）、黄芩（一钱）、黑栀子仁（一钱）、赤芍（一钱）、白茅根（一钱）。
水煎，温服。
《集成》吹鼻散：治疗小儿鼻出血的情况。
黑栀子仁（炒制）、乱头发油（烧存性），两者等分。
以上药物共研为细末，轻轻吹入鼻中。
The *Huangdi Neijing* (Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon) states: The West corresponds to the color white, its qi internally connects with the Lung, and the nose serves as the external orifice of the Lung. It also states: The five Qi enter through the nose and are stored in the Heart and Lungs; if disease occurs, nasal patency is impaired. Chen Feixia stated: The nose is the external orifice of the Lung. Nasal congestion occurs when Lung Qi fails to communicate with the orifice. However, the Lung governs the skin and hair; when affected by Wind-Cold from the exterior, Lung Qi becomes stagnant and obstructed, leading to nasal congestion, which can be treated with Chuanxiong Gao (Cyperus Ointment). Runny nose occurs when the Lung is invaded by Cold-Wind, causing fluids to fail in their astringent function and resulting in rhinorrhea, which can be dispersed using Xixin San (Asarum Powder).
If nasal congestion persists for a long time without resolving, it indicates that the Lung has been affected by Wind-Cold, which lingers and does not dissipate, causing purulent mucus to accumulate and block the passages, rendering the patient unable to perceive odors. This condition is referred to as "Nose Polyp" (Bi Zhi), and can be treated with Wanjin Gao (Ten Thousand Gold Ointment).
All three aforementioned syndromes are suitable for treatment via dispersing and unblocking methods, and Tongqi San (Unblocking Qi Powder) can be used for all. Dryness of the nose results from Heat in the Heart and Spleen steaming upward into the Lung, depleting fluids and causing dryness. One should clear Heat and generate fluids using Daochi San (Guide Out Redness Powder) supplemented with Maidong (Ophiopogon Tuber). If the condition becomes extreme, characterized by a dry and black nose, dilated nares, and exhalation of cold air, this signifies the exhaustion of Lung Qi and is considered an untreatable syndrome.
Bi Yuan (Nasal Sinusitis) presents with foul-smelling, purulent nasal discharge. This arises from Heat transferring from the Gallbladder to the Brain, also known as "Brain Collapse" (Nao Beng), and should be treated with Xinyi San (Magnolia Flower Powder).
In infants, sudden nasal congestion occurring within three days to one week after birth, preventing breastfeeding and normal respiration, is caused by the nursing mother exhaling directly onto the infant's fontanelle during sleep without avoiding it, or by exposure to Wind-Cold during bathing. This leads to infantile nasal congestion. Tongguan San (Opening Passages Powder) mixed with Scallion Paste, applied on silk cloth to the fontanelle, will cure it.
Bi Nu (Epistaxis/Nosebleed) is caused by accumulated Heat in the Five Zang Organs. Blood follows Qi; when affected by Heat, it moves recklessly and overflows from the nose. Treatment should focus on cooling Blood and descending Fire, using Jiadi Dihuang Tang (Modified Rehmannia Decoction), with external application of Chuibi San (Blowing-into-Nose Powder).
*Jicheng* Chuanxiong Gao (Cyperus Ointment): Treats infantile nasal congestion due to external contraction of Wind-Cold and obstruction of Lung Qi.
Chuanxiong Rhizome (1 qian), Xixin Herb (1 qian), Gaoben Rhizome (1 qian), Bai芷 Root (1 qian), Zhi Gancao Root (1 qian), Bingpian/Borneol (0.7 fen), Xingren Apricot Seed (1 qian, peeled and removed of tips), Shexiang/Musk (0.03 qian).
Grind all ingredients into a fine powder, form pills with refined honey, sized like a longan seed. Take one pill per dose, dissolved in Dengxin Cao (Juncus Effusus) decoction.
*Jicheng* Xixin San (Asarum Powder): Treats infantile clear rhinorrhea caused by Wind-Cold invasion.
Dangshen Codonopsis Root (1 qian), Qianhu Peucedani Radix (1 qian), Xixin Herb (0.4 qian), Fangfeng Saposhnikoviae Radix (1 qian), Chuanxiong Rhizome (0.5 qian), Zhi Gancao Root (1 qian).
Grind into powder. Take 1 qian per dose, mixed with Jiangcong Tang (Ginger and Scallion Decoction).
*Jicheng* Wanjin Gao (Ten Thousand Gold Ointment): Treats infantile nasal congestion and anosmia due to Wind-Heat invading the Lung.
Qianghuo Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix (1 qian), Chuanxiong Rhizome (1 qian), Xixin Herb (0.6 fen), Mutong Akebiae Caulis (1 qian), Mahuang Ephedrae Herba (1 qian), Changpu Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma (1 qian).
Grind into a fine powder. Take 1 qian per dose, mixed with honey and taken with Ginger Decoction.
Daochi San (Guide Out Redness Powder) (See previous section on Infantile Night Crying).
*Jicheng* Lizhe Tongqi San (Lize Unblocking Qi Powder): Treats infantile rhinorrhea and nasal congestion.
Qianghuo Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix (0.6 fen), Duhuo Angelicae Pubescentis Radix (0.6 fen), Cangzhu Atractylodis Rhizoma (1 qian), Fangfeng Saposhnikoviae Radix (1 qian), Shengma Cimicifugae Rhizoma (0.5 fen), Jingjie Perillae Folium (1 qian), Ge Puerariae Radix (1 qian), Baji Li Tribuli Fructus (1 qian), Chuanxiong Rhizome (0.5 qian), Mutong Akebiae Caulis (1 qian), Mahuang Ephedrae Herba (1 qian), Xixin Herb (0.5 fen), Zhi Gancao Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (1 qian).
Add three slices of Shengjiang (Fresh Ginger) and three dates (Da Zao). Decoct in water and take after meals.
*Jicheng* Xinyi San (Magnolia Flower Powder): Treats infantile turbid, foul-smelling nasal discharge.
Xinyi Magnolia Flower Bud (1 qian), Cang'erzi Xanthii Fructus (1 qian), Baizhi Angelicae Dahuricae Radix (1 qian), Bohe Menthae Haplocalycis Herba (1 qian), Huanglian Coptidis Rhizoma (1 qian).
Sun-dry and grind into powder. Take 1 qian per dose, mixed with Congtang (Scallion Decoction).
*Jicheng* Tongguan San (Opening Passages Powder): Treats infantile nasal congestion preventing breastfeeding.
Xiangfu Cyperi Rhizoma (1 qian), Chuanxiong Rhizome (1 qian), Jingjie Perillae Folium (1 qian), Jiangcan Bombyx Batryticatus (1 qian), Xixin Herb (0.7 fen), Zhuya Zhao Glycyrrhizae Uralensis Radix et Rhizoma cum Saponariis (1 qian).
Grind into a fine powder. Mash scallions into a paste. Mix 5 qian of the powder with the scallion paste evenly. Apply onto soft silk, warm before bed, and stick to the infant's fontanelle. Remove in the morning.
*Jicheng* Jiadi Dihuang Tang (Modified Rehmannia Decoction): Treats infantile epistaxis.
Shengdiheng Rehmanniae Radix (2 qian), Huangqin Scutellariae Radix (1 qian), Heizhiren Gardeniae Fructus (1 qian), Chishao Paeoniae Radix Rubra (1 qian), Maogen Imperatae Rhizoma (1 qian).
Decoct in water and take warm.
*Jicheng* Chuibi San (Blowing-into-Nose Powder): Treats infantile epistaxis.
Heizhiren Gardeniae Fructus (stir-fried), Luanyoufa Human Hair (burnt until carbonized but retaining nature), equal parts.
Grind into a fine powder and gently blow into the nostrils.