俗名谷树子根，皮名谷白皮
甘平无毒。
发明 楮实走肝肾血分，《别录》治阴痿水肿，益气充肌，明目。《大明》言，壮筋骨
，助阳气，补虚劳，健腰膝，益颜色。而《修真秘旨》言，久服令人骨软。《济生秘旨》言
，治骨鲠用楮实煎汤服之，岂非软骨之征乎。脾胃虚人禁用。楮根白皮《别录》主逐水利小
便。甄权治水肿气满。《吴普》治喉痹，总取散风祛毒之义。
辛苦平无毒。陈者良。生熟各随本方。
《本经》主大风在皮肤中，如麻豆苦痒，除寒热结。
发明 枳壳破气化痰，泄肺走大肠，多用损胸中至高之气。枳壳主高，枳实主下；高者
主气，下者主血。故壳主胸膈皮毛之病。《本经》所治大风在皮肤中如麻豆苦痒，除寒热结
，是指表病而言。实主脾胃心腹之病。《本经》所谓止痢长肌肉，利五脏，益气轻身，是指
里病而言。凡人脏腑清利则气自益，身自轻矣。详枳壳、枳实皆能利气，气下则痰喘止，气
行则痞胀消，气通则刺痛已，气利则后重除也。仲景治胸胁痞满，以枳实为要药。诸方治下
血痔痢，大肠秘塞，里急后重，又以枳壳为通利，则枳实不独治下，枳壳不独治高也。然枳
实性沉兼能入肝脾血分，而消食积痰气瘀血，有冲墙倒壁之喻。枳壳性浮兼通肺胃气分，而
治喘咳，霍乱水肿，有乘风破浪之势。与桔梗同为舟楫之剂，故柴胡、枳壳除寒热痞满之专
药。凡夹食伤寒感冒与表药同用，皆无妨碍。妊娠胞肥，有瘦胎饮，乃因气壅阻滞而设。设
素禀怯弱者误服，令母气耗难产，子亦气弱难育，是取虚虚之祸也。
楮实（构树的果实）俗称为谷树子根，其树皮称为谷白皮。
味甘，性平，无毒。
【发明】楮实能入肝肾的血分，《神农本草经》记载其治疗阳痿、水肿，能益气充盈肌肉，明目。《名医别录》提到它能强壮筋骨，助长阳气，补益虚劳，强健腰膝，改善面色。而《修真秘旨》说，长期服用会导致骨骼变软。《济生秘旨》说，治疗骨鲠（鱼刺卡喉）时用楮实煎汤服用，这难道不是导致软骨的证据吗？脾胃虚弱的人禁用。楮根白皮在《神农本草经》中主治利水通小便。甄权用于治疗水肿气满。《吴普本草》用于治疗喉痹（咽喉肿痛闭塞），总体取其疏散风邪、祛除毒邪的意义。
枳壳味辛、苦，性平，无毒。以陈久者为佳。生用或炒熟使用均根据具体方剂而定。
《神农本草经》主治皮肤中患有大风病，如大麻豆般痛苦瘙痒，消除寒热结聚。
【发明】枳壳能破气化痰，泄肺气并走大肠，多用会损伤胸中至高之气。枳壳作用部位偏上，枳实作用部位偏下；上部主要调理气，下部主要调理血。所以枳壳主治胸膈和皮毛的疾病。《神农本草经》所治疗的“皮肤中大风湿痒，除寒热结”，是指表证而言。枳实主治脾胃心腹的疾病。《神农本草经》所说的“止痢长肌肉，利五脏，益气轻身”，是指里证而言。凡是人的脏腑清利通畅，气自然受益，身体自然轻盈。详细来说，枳壳和枳实都能利气，气下行则痰喘停止，气运行则痞胀消除，气通畅则刺痛消失，气利则后重感解除。张仲景治疗胸胁痞满，以枳实为要药。各方治疗下血、痔疮、痢疾，大肠便秘，里急后重，又以枳壳作为通利之品，那么枳实不仅仅治疗下部疾病，枳壳也不仅仅治疗上部疾病。然而，枳实性质沉降，兼能入肝脾血分，消除食积、痰气和瘀血，有冲墙倒壁般的威力。枳壳性质升浮，兼通肺胃气分，治疗喘咳、霍乱、水肿，有乘风破浪的气势。与桔梗配合如同舟楫之剂，所以柴胡、枳壳是治疗寒热痞满的专用药物。凡是夹杂食积的伤寒感冒与解表药同用，都没有妨碍。妊娠期间胎儿过大，有瘦胎饮一方，这是因气机壅滞阻滞而设立的。如果素体虚弱的人误服，会导致母气耗损、难产，胎儿也会气弱难以养育，这是造成虚者更虚的祸患啊。
The fruit of the paper mulberry tree (Broussonetia papyrifera), commonly known as Gushu Zi Gen, has a bark called Gu Bai Pi.
It is sweet in taste, neutral in nature, and non-toxic.
[Invention/Commentary] Bousseto (Fructus Broussonetiae Papyriferae) enters the blood aspect of the Liver and Kidney meridians. *Bie Lu* (Divine Farmer's Materia Medica Supplement) records its use in treating impotence and edema, benefiting Qi to fill the muscles, and brightening the eyes. *Da Ming* states it strengthens sinews and bones, assists Yang Qi, tonifies deficiency and fatigue, strengthens the waist and knees, and improves complexion. However, *Xiuzhen Mizhi* claims that long-term consumption causes bones to become soft. *Jisheng Mizhi* mentions using Bousseto decoction to treat fishbone impaction in the throat; does this not serve as evidence of its bone-softening properties? It is contraindicated for individuals with Spleen and Stomach deficiency. The white inner bark of the Bousseto root (*Gen Bupaperi Cortex*) was recorded in *Ben Jing* to promote urination and diuresis. Zhen Quan used it to treat edema and abdominal fullness. *Wu Pu* used it to treat Hou Bi (sore throat with obstruction), generally utilizing its meaning of dispersing Wind and removing toxicity.
Zhi Qiao (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae - Green Tangerine Peel) is pungent and bitter, neutral in nature, and non-toxic. Aged specimens are preferred. Use raw or processed according to the specific prescription.
*Ben Jing* treats "Great Wind" in the skin, causing itching like hemp seeds or beans, and eliminates cold-heat nodules.
[Invention/Commentary] Zhi Qiao breaks Qi stagnation and transforms phlegm, drains Lung Qi, and directs towards the Large Intestine; excessive use damages the supreme Qi in the chest. Zhi Qiao acts on the upper body, while Zhi Shi acts on the lower body; the upper primarily regulates Qi, and the lower primarily regulates Blood. Therefore, Zhi Qiao treats diseases of the chest/diaphragm and skin/hair. The "Great Wind in the skin... eliminating cold-heat nodules" mentioned in *Ben Jing* refers to exterior syndromes. Zhi Shi treats diseases of the Spleen, Stomach, Heart, and abdomen. The "stopping dysentery, promoting muscle growth, benefiting the five Zang organs, enriching Qi, and lightening the body" mentioned in *Ben Jing* refers to interior syndromes. When the internal organs are clear and unobstructed, Qi naturally benefits, and the body feels light. Specifically, both Zhi Qiao and Zhi Shi can regulate Qi: when Qi descends, phlegm and wheezing stop; when Qi moves, distension and fullness dissipate; when Qi flows freely, stabbing pain ceases; when Qi flow is promoted, tenesmus is relieved. Zhang Zhongjing treated chest and hypochondriac fullness/stuffiness using Zhi Shi as a key herb. Various prescriptions treat lower bleeding, hemorrhoids, and dysentery, along with constipation and tenesmus, using Zhi Qiao for unblocking and draining; thus, Zhi Shi is not exclusive to lower treatments, nor is Zhi Qiao exclusive to upper treatments. However, Zhi Shi has a sinking nature and can enter the Blood aspect of the Liver and Spleen to eliminate food retention, phlegm-Qi stagnation, and blood stasis, possessing the power to crash through walls and topple battlements. Zhi Qiao has a floating nature and connects with the Qi aspect of the Lung and Stomach to treat wheezing, cough, cholera-like disorders, and edema, having the momentum of riding the wind and waves. Paired with Jie Geng (Platycodon Root), they act as a boat and oar (lifting agents); therefore, Chai Hu and Zhi Qiao are specialized herbs for treating cold-heat and fullness/stuffiness. For Cold Damage complicated by food retention combined with exterior-releasing herbs, there is no hindrance. In pregnancy, if the fetus is large, there is a formula called Shou Tai Yin (Fetus-Thinning Decoction), established due to Qi congestion and obstruction. If taken by mistake by someone constitutionally weak, it may deplete maternal Qi, leading to difficult labor, and the child may have weak Qi and difficulty thriving; this results in the disaster of "treating deficiency with deficiency."