本名 鱼
甘温无毒。
发明 生海中，与石首同类。以之剖腹曝干，亦与石首作鲞无异，以其颌下有骨撑
开，故有阔之称。能开胃进食，下膀胱水气。病患食之无发毒之虑。食品中之有益者也。
古名鲂鱼
甘温无毒。
发明 鱼缩项，性不喜动，严冬善息土中，故食之能调胃气，而无动气发热之虑，与
白鱼之性相仿，但无利水之功耳。
甘平无毒。
发明 白鱼入肺利水，开胃下气。《金匮》治淋病，小便不利，滑石白鱼散用之。取其
佐滑石以利气，兼乱发以破血，血气通调而淋涩止矣。同枣食之令人腰痛，以其渗泄脾肾也
。
俗名鳇鱼
甘平无毒。干者名白鲞。
发明 石首鱼生咸水中，而味至淡，故诸病食之无助火之虞。与河豚之性禀阴毒迥殊。
脑中石 主石淋。脑骨为末，入有嘴壶中熏脑漏，然惟暴患得效。痢疾切忌油腻，惟白鲞食
之最宜。
咸平无毒。凡用入丸，切作小块，蛤粉炒成珠，方可磨末，炼蜜调剂，须待凉用
。又不可捣，捣则粘韧，难为丸矣。
发明 诸鱼之鳔皆可为胶，而石首鱼者胶物甚固，故啬精方用之合沙苑蒺藜名聚精丸，
为固精要药。《丹方》又以一味炒研砂糖调，日服一钱匕，治痔最良，经久痔自枯落。烧灰
治产后风搐、破伤风痉，取其滋荣经脉，而虚风自息也。
【本名】鱼鳔
味甘，性温，无毒。
【发明】生长于海中，与石首鱼（大黄鱼）同类。将其剖腹晒干后，制作成鲞（干鱼），也与石首鱼制成的鲞没有区别，因为其颌下有骨头支撑张开，所以被称为“阔口”。能够开胃增进食欲，引导膀胱内的水气下行。病人食用它没有引发疮毒的顾虑，是食品中有益健康的一种。
【古名】鲂鱼
味甘，性温，无毒。
【发明】这种鱼缩着脖子，性情不喜欢活动，在严冬时节善于潜伏在泥土中休息，因此食用它能调和胃气，而没有引起气机逆乱、发热的顾虑，其药性与白鱼相似，只是没有利水的作用罢了。
【俗名】白鱼
味甘，性平，无毒。
【发明】白鱼入肺经，能利水，开胃并降逆下气。《金匮要略》治疗淋病（以小便频数短涩、滴沥刺痛为主症），出现小便不利的情况时，使用滑石白鱼散来治疗。取其辅助滑石以利气机，兼用乱发（血余炭）以破瘀血，气血通畅调和后，淋证涩痛便停止了。如果与枣同食，会令人腰痛，因为它会渗泄脾肾之气。
【俗名】鳇鱼（此处指石首鱼的鳔，干者名为白鲞/鳔胶）
味甘，性平，无毒。干燥者称为白鲞（即鳔胶）。
【发明】石首鱼生活在咸水中，但味道非常淡，因此各种病患食用它都没有助长火邪的忧虑。这与河豚禀受阴毒的性质截然不同。脑中的结石（脑石）主治石淋（尿路结石）。将脑骨研成粉末，装入有嘴的壶中熏蒸鼻腔，治疗鼻漏（慢性鼻炎或鼻窦炎流涕），但只有急性发作时有效。痢疾患者切忌食用油腻食物，只有白鲞（鳔胶）食用最为适宜。
味咸，性平，无毒。凡用于丸剂制作，需切成小块，用蛤粉炒至成珠状，才能研磨成粉末，再用炼蜜调和，必须待冷却后使用。又不可捣碎，因为捣碎后会变得粘韧，难以制成丸剂。
【发明】各种鱼的鳔都可以制成胶，但石首鱼的鳔制成的胶物非常坚固，所以在固精方剂中，将其与沙苑蒺藜配伍，命名为聚精丸，成为固摄精气的要药。《丹方》又记载单用一味炒研后，用砂糖调服，每日服用一钱匕，治疗痔疮效果最好，经久服用后痔疮自然枯萎脱落。烧成灰后用于治疗产后风搐、破伤风痉挛，取其滋养荣养经脉的作用，从而虚风自息。
[Original Name] Fish Bladder (Yubiao)
Sweet, warm, non-toxic.
[Invention/Discussion] Grows in the sea, belonging to the same category as Sciaenidae (Stonehead fish / Large Yellow Croaker). After being gutted and sun-dried, it is made into dried fish (Xiang), which is no different from that made from Sciaenidae. It is called "Kou" (Broad-mouthed) because its jaw is supported open by bones. It can stimulate appetite and promote urination by directing water qi downward in the Bladder. Patients can consume it without the worry of triggering toxic sores; it is a beneficial food among dietary items.
[Old Name] Fang Fish (Fangyu)
Sweet, warm, non-toxic.
[Invention/Discussion] This fish tucks its neck and dislikes movement; in severe winter, it rests buried in the soil. Therefore, consuming it can harmonize Stomach qi without the risk of causing qi rebellion or fever. Its nature is similar to that of White Fish, but it lacks the effect of promoting diuresis.
[Common Name] White Fish (Baiyu)
Sweet, neutral, non-toxic.
[Invention/Discussion] White Fish enters the Lung meridian, promotes diuresis, stimulates appetite, and directs qi downward. In *Jin Gui Yao Lue* (Essential Prescriptions from the Golden Cabinet), for treating Lin syndrome (strangury) with difficult urination, Shihui Baiyu San (Talcum, White Fish, and Hair Pill) is used. It utilizes Talcum to promote qi flow, combined with charred hair (Xuyutan) to break blood stasis. Once qi and blood are unblocked and regulated, the strangury and涩 (astringency/pain) cease. Consuming it with dates may cause lower back pain, as it seeps and drains Spleen and Kidney qi.
[Common Name] Huang Fish (Huanyu) - *Note: Context refers to the bladder of Sciaenidae, dried name is Bai Xiang/Biao Jiao*
Sweet, neutral, non-toxic. The dried form is called Bai Xiang (White Dried Fish/Bladder Gelatin).
[Invention/Discussion] Sciaenidae live in saltwater but have a very bland taste; thus, patients suffering from various conditions can eat it without the fear of aiding fire pathogens. This is distinctly different from the Yin-toxic nature of Pufferfish. The "brain stone" (Otolith) primarily treats Stone Lin (urinary calculi). The brain bone, when powdered and insufflated via a spouted vessel into the nasal cavity, treats nasal discharge (Bi Lou), but is only effective in acute cases. For dysentery, greasy foods are strictly forbidden; Bai Xiang (Bladder Gelatin) is the most suitable food.
Salty, neutral, non-toxic. When used for making pills, cut into small pieces, stir-fry with Clam Shell Powder until they become bead-like, then grind into powder. Mix with refined honey and use only after cooling. Do not pound it, as pounding makes it sticky and tough, making pill-making difficult.
[Invention/Discussion] The bladders of all fish can be made into gelatin, but the gelatin from Sciaenidae is particularly solid. Therefore, in formulas for consolidating essence, it is combined with Semen Astragali Complanati (Shayuan Jili) to form Ju Jing Wan (Gathering Essence Pill), an essential medicine for consolidating essence. *Dan Fang* (Prescriptions of Alchemists) records using a single ingredient, stir-fried and ground, mixed with rock sugar, taken orally once daily (one qian bi dose), which is excellent for treating hemorrhoids; long-term use causes hemorrhoids to wither and fall off naturally. Burned to ash, it treats postpartum wind convulsions and tetanus (broken-wind spasms), taking advantage of its ability to nourish the vessels and collaterals, thereby extinguishing deficient wind.