滋补肝肾、而润。
甘微温。滋肝益肾。（景岳曰∶用之以助熟地、甚妙。）生精助阳。补虚劳。强筋骨。（肝
主
筋、肾主骨。）养营除烦。去风明目。（肝开窍于目、黑水神光属肾。）利大小肠。治嗌干消
渴。（谚云∶离家千里、勿食枸杞、以其色赤、属火、补精壮阳耳、然味甘性润、仍是补水
之药、所以能润肾益肝、明目而治消渴也。）便滑者勿用。南方树止数尺。北方并是大树。
以甘州所产。红润少核者佳。酒润捣。
凉血、除虚热。
甘淡而寒。降肺中伏火。除肝肾虚热。能凉血。而治五内烦热。（热淫于内、治以甘寒、
地
骨一斤、生地五斤、酒煮服、治带下。）吐血尿血。（捣鲜汁服。）消渴咳嗽。（清肺。）外治
肌热虚汗。上除头风痛。（肝有热则自生风、与外感之风不同、热退则风自息。）中平胸胁痛
。（清肝。）下利大小肠。疗在表无定之风邪。传尸有汗之骨蒸。（东垣曰∶地骨皮泻肾火、
能治外热、地为阴、骨为里、皮为表、朱二允曰∶能退内潮、人所知也、能退外潮、人实不
知、病或风寒、散而未尽、作潮往来、非柴葛所能治、用地骨走表又走里之药、消其浮游之
邪、服之未有不愈者、特表明之、时珍曰∶枸杞地骨、甘寒平补、使精气充足、而邪火自退
、世人多用苦寒、以芩连治上、知 治下、致伤元气、惜哉、予尝以青蒿佐地骨退热、屡有
殊功。）中寒者勿用。甘草水浸一宿。叶（名天精草）苦甘而凉。清上焦心肺客热。代茶止
消
渴。（妇人阴肿或生疮、地骨皮煎水频洗、效。）
枸杞子：具有滋补肝肾、滋润的功效。
味甘，性微温。能滋养肝脏、益补肾脏。（张景岳说：用它来辅助熟地黄，效果非常奇妙。）能促进精液生成，助长阳气。补益虚损劳伤，强壮筋骨。（肝主司筋脉，肾主司骨骼。）滋养营血，消除烦躁。祛风明目。（肝开窍于目，黑水神光归属于肾。）通利大小肠。治疗咽喉干燥和消渴症。（谚语说：离家千里，不要吃枸杞，因为它的颜色赤红，属火，是补精壮阳的。然而它味甘性润，仍然是补水之药，所以能滋润肾脏、益补肝脏，明目并治疗消渴症。）大便滑泄者不宜使用。南方的枸杞树只有几尺高。北方的枸杞都是大树。以甘肃甘州所产的，红润且种子少的为佳。用酒湿润后捣碎服用。
地骨皮：具有凉血、清除虚热的功效。
味甘淡，性寒。能清降肺中潜伏之火。清除肝肾的虚热。能够凉血，并治疗五脏内部的烦热。（热邪蕴结于内，应用甘寒之品治疗，如地骨皮一斤、生地黄五斤，用酒煮后服用，可治疗带下病。）治疗吐血、尿血。（捣取新鲜汁液服用。）治疗消渴、咳嗽。（清润肺脏。）外用治疗肌肤发热、虚汗。上部可去除头风痛。（肝脏有热则自生风，这与外感的风邪不同，热退则风自然平息。）中部可平复胸胁痛。（清泻肝火。）下部可通利大小肠。治疗在体表游走不定的风邪。治疗传尸劳（肺结核等慢性消耗性疾病）伴有出汗的骨蒸潮热。（李东垣说：地骨皮能泻肾火，能治疗外热。地为阴，骨为里，皮为表。朱二允说：人们只知道它能退内潮，其实不知道它也能退外潮。病情如果是风寒散去未尽，导致潮热往来，这不是柴胡、葛根所能治疗的，用地骨皮这种既能走表又能走里的药，消除浮游之邪，服用没有不痊愈的。特此表明。李时珍说：枸杞子和地骨皮，味甘寒而平和补益，使精气充足，邪火自然消退。世人多用苦寒之药，用黄芩、黄连治上焦，知母治下焦，以致损伤元气，可惜啊。我曾用地骨皮配伍青蒿退热，屡获殊效。）中寒体质者不宜使用。用甘草水浸泡一夜。叶（名为天精草），味苦甘，性凉。清解上焦心肺的客热。代茶饮用可止消渴。（妇女外阴肿胀或生疮，用地骨皮煎水频繁清洗，有效。）
Lycii Fructus (Gouqizi, 枸杞子): Nourishes the Liver and Kidneys, and moistens.
Sweet, slightly warm. Nourishes the Liver and benefits the Kidneys. (Zhang Jingyue stated: Using it to assist Shudi [Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata] is excellent.) Generates essence and assists Yang. Tonifies deficiency and exhaustion. Strengthens sinews and bones. (The Liver governs sinews; the Kidneys govern bones.) Nourishes Ying (Nutritive) Qi, eliminates irritability. Dispels wind and brightens the eyes. (The Liver opens into the eyes; the Divine Light of Black Water belongs to the Kidneys.) Promotes free flow of the Large Intestine and Small Intestine. Treats dry throat and Xiao Ke (Wasting-Thirst). (A proverb says: "Traveling a thousand miles from home, do not eat Gouqi, for its red color belongs to Fire, tonifying essence and strengthening Yang." However, since its taste is sweet and nature is moistening, it remains a drug that supplements Water, thus it can moisten the Kidneys, benefit the Liver, brighten the eyes, and treat Xiao Ke.) Not used for those with loose stools. In the South, the tree is only a few feet high. In the North, they are all large trees. Those produced in Ganzhou, which are reddish-brown and have few seeds, are best. Moisten with wine and crush before use.
Cortex Lycii (Digupi, 地骨皮): Cools Blood, eliminates deficiency heat.
Sweet, bland, and cold. Descends latent fire in the Lungs. Eliminates deficiency heat in the Liver and Kidneys. Can cool Blood and treat internal irritability of the Five Viscera. (When Heat invades internally, treat with sweet-cold substances; e.g., Digupi one jin, Shengdi [Rehmanniae Radix] five jin, decocted with wine and taken, treats leukorrhea.) Treats hematemesis (vomiting blood) and hematuria (blood in urine). (Crush fresh juice and take.) Treats Xiao Ke and cough. (Clears the Lungs.) Externally treats skin heat and deficiency sweating. Upper part removes head wind-pain. (When the Liver has Heat, it generates Wind internally, which differs from external Wind pathogens; when Heat subsides, Wind naturally ceases.) Middle part calms chest and hypochondriac pain. (Clears Liver Fire.) Lower part promotes free flow of the Large and Small Intestines. Treats wind-pathogens wandering on the exterior without fixed location. Treats Chuan Shi (Transmitted Corpse Disease/Tuberculosis) with bone-steaming fever and sweating. (Li Dongyuan stated: Digupi drains Kidney Fire and can treat external heat. Earth is Yin, Bone is interior, Cortex is exterior. Zhu Eryun stated: People know it can retreat internal tidal fever, but actually do not know it can retreat external tidal fever. If the condition is residual pathogenic factors from Wind-Cold dispersal causing alternating tidal fever, this cannot be treated by Chai Hu or Ge Gen. Using Digupi, a drug that travels both exterior and interior, eliminates floating pathogens; taking it invariably leads to recovery. I hereby clarify this. Li Shizhen stated: Gouqi and Digupi are sweet, cold, and mildly tonic; when Essence and Qi are sufficient, pathogenic Fire recedes naturally. The world mostly uses bitter-cold drugs, using Huang Qin [Scutellariae Radix] and Lian Qiao [for clearing upper jiao], and Zhi Mu [for lower jiao], thereby damaging Yuan Qi. What a pity. I once used Qing Hao [Artemisiae Annuae Herba] assisting Digupi to reduce fever, achieving remarkable results.] Not used for those with Middle Cold. Soak in Licorice water overnight. Leaves (named Tianjing Cao, Heavenly Essence Grass), bitter-sweet and cool. Clears exogenous Heat in the Upper Jiao Heart and Lung. As tea, stops Xiao Ke. (For women with vulvar swelling or sores, decoct Digupi and wash frequently with the water; effective.)