无毒 植生
乳柑子主利肠胃中热毒止暴渴利小便（名医所录）【苗】（图经曰）树若橘树其实亦类橘
而
圆大皮色生青熟黄赤未经霜时尤酸霜后甚甜故名柑子又有沙柑青柑山柑体性相类惟山柑皮疗
咽痛余者不甚用（衍义曰）乳柑子今人多作橘皮售于人不可不择也柑皮不甚苦橘皮极苦至熟
亦
苦若以皮紧慢分别橘与柑又缘方宜各不同亦互有紧慢者也【地】（图经曰）生岭南及江南有
之
出西戎者佳【时】（生）四月叶脱复生（采）十月取实【收】曝干【用】皮【质】类橘而圆
大【色】
生青熟黄赤【味】甘【性】大寒缓【气】气之薄者阳中之阴【臭】香【主】清胃热止烦渴
【治】（疗）（图经曰）核作涂面药（日华子云）皮作汤消酒渴【合治】皮末合酒服疗产后肌
浮○皮末合盐水煎服治酒毒或醉昏闷烦渴【禁】多食令人脾冷发痼癖大肠泄多食令人肺躁冷
中发 癖脾肾冷人食其肉多致脏寒或泄利发阴汗【解】丹石毒
无毒 丛生
甘蔗主下气和中助脾气利大肠（名医所录）【名】昆仑蔗 荻蔗 竹蔗【苗】（图经曰）
此
有二种一种似荻节疏而细短者谓荻蔗一种似竹粗长者谓之竹蔗又广州出一种数年生皆如大竹
长丈余今江泽闽广蜀川所生大者亦高丈许人取笮汁以为沙糖是也（陶隐居云）蔗有两种赤色
名
昆仑蔗白色名荻蔗出蜀及岭南为胜并煎为沙糖今江东甚多而劣于蜀者味亦甘美【地】（图经
曰）出江东为胜庐陵亦有好者今江浙闽广蜀川皆有之【时】（生）春生苗（采）八月九月取
茎【用】
茎【色】赤白【味】甘【性】平缓【气】气浓于味阳中之阴【臭】香【主】除热止渴【治】
（疗）（日华子云）利大小肠下气痢消痰除心烦热（别录云）捣汁服主发热口干小便涩（补）
（日华
子云）补脾益气【合治】捣汁七升合生姜汁一升相和为三服主胃反朝食暮吐暮食朝吐或旋旋
吐者【禁】不可共酒食令人发痰【解】酒毒
【乳柑子】
无毒。自然生长。
乳柑子能通利肠胃中的热毒，止住突发的口渴，通利小便。（出自《名医别录》）【植株形态】（《本草图经》记载：）树木像橘树，果实也类似橘，但更圆大。果皮生时青色，熟时黄色或赤色。未经过霜冻时味道特别酸，经过霜冻后非常甜，所以名叫“柑子”。还有沙柑、青柑、山柑，它们的体性和功效相似，只有山柑的皮能治疗咽喉痛，其余的不太常用。（《本草衍义》记载：）现在的乳柑子常被当作橘皮卖给人们，不能不仔细辨别。柑皮不是很苦，橘皮极苦，即使成熟了也很苦。如果通过观察果皮的紧致程度来区分橘和柑，又因为产地不同，两者都有紧有慢的情况。【产地】（《本草图经》记载：）生长在岭南及江南地区，从西戎出产的品质较好。【时节】（生长）四月叶子脱落后重新长出。（采收）十月采摘果实。【加工】晒干。【药用部位】果皮。【质地】类似橘，但果实圆大。【颜色】生时青色，熟时黄色或赤色。【味道】甘。【性质】大寒，性缓。【气味特征】气薄，属于阳中之阴。【气味】香。【主要功效】清胃热，止烦渴。【治疗应用】（《本草图经》记载：）核仁可制作涂面药。（《日华子本草》记载：）果皮煮汤可消除酒后的口渴。【配伍治疗】果皮研末，配合酒服用，治疗产后肌肤浮肿；果皮研末，配合盐水煎服，治疗酒毒或醉酒昏闷、烦渴。【禁忌】多吃使人脾冷，引发顽固性的癖积，导致大肠泄泻。多吃使人肺燥、中焦寒冷，引发瘕癖。脾肾虚寒的人吃其果肉，多会导致内脏寒冷或泄利，出现阴汗。【解毒】解丹石毒。
【甘蔗】
无毒。丛生。
甘蔗能降气和中，助脾气，通利大肠。（出自《名医别录》）【名称】昆仑蔗、荻蔗、竹蔗。【植株形态】（《本草图经》记载：）这里有两种。一种像荻草，节疏而细短，称为荻蔗；一种像竹子，粗长，称为竹蔗。另外广州出产一种，多年生，都像大竹子，长达一丈多。现在江泽、闽广、蜀川所生的大的也有高一丈左右，人们榨取汁液制成沙糖。（陶隐居说：）甘蔗有两种，红色的叫昆仑蔗，白色的叫荻蔗，以蜀地和岭南出产的为优，并都煎制为沙糖。现在江东地区很多，但品质不如蜀地的，味道也甘美。【产地】（《本草图经》记载：）以江东出产的为优，庐陵也有好的。现在江浙、闽广、蜀川都有。【时节】（生长）春天生出苗。（采收）八月九月采集茎秆。【药用部位】茎秆。【颜色】红、白。【味道】甘。【性质】平缓。【气味特征】气浓于味，属于阳中之阴。【气味】香。【主要功效】除热，止渴。【治疗应用】（《日华子本草》记载：）通利大小肠，降气，治痢疾，消痰，除心烦热。（《神农本草经》记载：）捣汁服用，主治发热、口干、小便涩滞。（补益作用）（《日华子本草》记载：）补脾益气。【配伍治疗】榨汁七升，配合生姜汁一升，混合分三次服用，主治胃反证，朝食暮吐、暮食朝吐，或频繁呕吐者。【禁忌】不可与酒同食，令人生痰。【解毒】解酒毒。
[Juice Mandarin Orange (Ruguanzi)]
Non-toxic. Grows naturally.
Juice mandarin orange promotes the discharge of heat-toxins in the intestines and stomach, relieves sudden thirst, and promotes urination. (Recorded by Famous Physicians) [Plant Morphology] (*Bencao Tujing* states:) The tree resembles the kumquat tree, and its fruit is similar to kumquat but rounder and larger. The peel is green when unripe and yellow or reddish when ripe. It is particularly sour before the frost and very sweet after the frost, hence the name "Ganzi" (Mandarin). There are also Shagan, Qinggan, and Shangan; their properties and effects are similar, but only the peel of Shangan treats sore throat, while the others are rarely used. (*Bencao Yanyi* states:) Nowadays, juice mandarin peels are often sold as tangerine peels to people, so one must not fail to distinguish them carefully. Tangerine peel is not very bitter, whereas tangerine peel is extremely bitter, remaining bitter even when ripe. If distinguishing between tangerine and mandarin by the tightness of the peel, due to different regional preferences, both can be either tight or loose. [Origin] (*Bencao Tujing* states:) Grows in Lingnan and Jiangnan regions; those from Xirong are superior. [Season] (Growth) Leaves fall in April and regrow. (Harvest) Fruits are harvested in October. [Processing] Sun-dried. [Medicinal Part] Peel. [Texture] Similar to kumquat but rounder and larger. [Color] Green when unripe, yellow or reddish when ripe. [Taste] Sweet. [Nature] Greatly cold, slow-acting. [Qi Characteristic] Thin qi, Yin within Yang. [Odor] Fragrant. [Main Effects] Clears stomach heat, relieves vexatious thirst. [Therapeutic Applications] (*Bencao Tujing* states:) Seeds can be made into a facial application medicine. (*Ri Hua Zi Bencao* states:) Decoction of the peel eliminates thirst after drinking alcohol. [Combined Treatments] Powdered peel mixed with wine treats postpartum edema of the skin; powdered peel decocted with salt water treats alcohol toxicity or drunken stupor with vexatious thirst. [Contraindications] Excessive consumption causes spleen cold, induces stubborn accumulations, and leads to large intestine diarrhea. Excessive consumption causes lung dryness and middle jiao cold, inducing masses. People with spleen and kidney cold who consume its flesh often suffer from internal organ coldness or diarrhea, leading to yin sweating. [Detoxification] Resolves Dan Shi toxicity.
[Sugarcane]
Non-toxic. Grows in clumps.
Sugarcane directs qi downward, harmonizes the middle, assists spleen qi, and promotes bowel movements. (Recorded by Famous Physicians) [Names] Kunlun cane, Di cane, Zhu cane. [Plant Morphology] (*Bencao Tujing* states:) There are two types here. One resembles reeds, with sparse nodes that are thin and short, called Di cane; the other resembles bamboo, being thick and long, called Zhu cane. Additionally, Guangzhou produces a type that grows for several years, resembling large bamboo, over three meters long. Now, the large ones grown in Jiangze, Min-Guang, and Sichuan are also about three meters high; people extract their juice to make sand sugar (brown sugar). (Tao Hongjing says:) Sugarcane has two types: red is named Kunlun cane, white is named Di cane. Those from Shu and Lingnan are superior and are all processed into sand sugar. Now, there is much in Jiangdong, but it is inferior to that of Shu, though still sweet and delicious. [Origin] (*Bencao Tujing* states:) Those from Jiangdong are superior; Luling also has good quality. Now, they are available in Jiangzhe, Min-Guang, and Sichuan. [Season] (Growth) Sprouts emerge in spring. (Harvest) Stems are harvested in August and September. [Medicinal Part] Stem. [Color] Red, White. [Taste] Sweet. [Nature] Mild and balanced. [Qi Characteristic] Qi is stronger than taste, Yin within Yang. [Odor] Fragrant. [Main Effects] Eliminates heat, relieves thirst. [Therapeutic Applications] (*Ri Hua Zi Bencao* states:) Promotes urination and defecation, directs qi downward, treats dysentery, resolves phlegm, and removes vexatious heat. (*Shennong Bencao Jing* states:) Juice taken orally treats fever, dry mouth, and difficult urination. [Tonifying Action] (*Ri Hua Zi Bencao* states:) Tonifies spleen and benefits qi. [Combined Treatments] Seven liters of juice mixed with one liter of ginger juice, divided into three doses, treats gastric reversal (vomiting food eaten in the morning in the evening, or food eaten in the evening in the morning), or frequent vomiting. [Contraindications] Should not be consumed with alcohol, as it generates phlegm. [Detoxification] Resolves alcohol toxicity.