味辛、性温，无毒。入肺、脾二经。广中者最佳，福建者力薄，浙产便又逊矣。陈久愈
佳。
去蒂及浮膜，晒干。
止嗽定呕，颇有中和之妙。清痰理气，却无峻烈之嫌。留白者，补胃偏宜，去白者，疏
通端
掌。
苦能泄气，又能燥湿，辛能散气，温能和气，同补药则补，同泻药则泻，同升药则升，
同降
药则降。夫脾乃元气之母，肺乃摄气之龠，故独入二经；气虽中和，然单服久服，亦损真元
。橘皮下气消痰，橘肉生痰聚气，一物也、而相反如此。
橘红∶性热。除寒下气、消痰散结。
味辛，性温，有毒。入心、脾、胃三经。柴胡为使。恶皂荚。畏雄黄、姜、鳖甲及乌头。
忌
羊血、海藻、饴糖。水浸五日，每日换水，去涎，姜矾同煮，汁干为度。
消痰燥湿，开胃健脾。咳逆呕吐，头眩昏迷。痰厥头痛，心下满坚。消痈可也，堕胎有
焉。
汪机曰∶脾胃湿热，涎化为痰，此非半夏，曷可治乎。时珍曰∶脾无湿不生痰，故脾为
生痰
之源，肺为贮痰之器；半夏治痰，为其体滑辛温也。俗以半夏为燥，不知湿去则土燥，痰涎
不生，非其性燥也，但恐非湿热之邪而用之，是重竭其津液，诚非所宜。按半夏主治最多，
莫非脾湿之证，苟无湿者，均在禁例。古人谓半夏有三禁，谓血家、渴家、汗家也。若无脾
湿，且有肺燥，误服半夏，悔不可追，责在司命，谨诸戒诸。
味辛，性温，无毒。归肺、脾二经。产于广东地区的最佳，福建产的效力较薄弱，浙江产的又次之。存放时间越久越好。
去除蒂头及表面浮膜，晒干。
止住咳嗽、平息呕吐，颇有调和中和的妙用。清除痰浊、调理气机，却没有峻猛激烈的弊端。保留橘白者，偏于补益胃气；去掉橘白者，偏于疏通理气。
苦味能泄降气机，又能燥湿；辛味能发散气机；温性能调和气机。与补药同用则起补益作用，与泻药同用则起泻下作用，与升提药同用则起升提作用，与沉降药同用则起沉降作用。脾是元气生成的根本，肺是主管呼吸之气出入的门户（比喻为风箱），所以本品独入肺、脾二经；虽然其气性平和，但单味服用且长期服用，也会损伤人体的真元之气。橘皮下行气机、消除痰饮，橘肉滋生痰浊、聚结气机，同一物却功效相反如此。
味辛，性温，有毒。归心、脾、胃三经。以柴胡作为引经药。厌恶皂荚。畏惧雄黄、生姜、鳖甲及乌头。忌食羊血、海藻、饴糖。用水浸泡五日，每天更换水，去除涎液，与生姜、明矾共同煮制，直到汁液干燥为止。
消除痰饮、燥湿，开胃健脾。治疗咳嗽气逆、呕吐、头晕目眩、神志昏迷。痰厥引起的头痛，心下痞满坚硬。可以消除痈肿，但有导致堕胎的作用。
汪机说：脾胃湿热，津液转化为痰，如果不是半夏，怎么能治愈呢？李时珍说：脾没有湿气就不会生痰，所以脾是生成痰饮的源头，肺是储存痰饮的容器；半夏治疗痰饮，是因为它的质地滑利、气味辛温。世俗之人认为半夏性质燥烈，不知道湿气去除后土壤变干，痰涎自然不生，并非半夏本性燥烈，只是担心如果不是湿热之邪而误用此药，会再次竭尽人体津液，这确实是不适宜的。按半夏的主治病症最多，无非都是脾湿的证候，如果没有湿气，都在禁忌之列。古人说半夏有三禁，指血虚家、口渴家、汗多家。如果没有脾湿，反而有肺燥，误服半夏，后悔莫及，责任在于医生，务必谨慎戒除。
Pungent in flavor, warm in nature, non-toxic. Enters the Lung and Spleen meridians. Those produced in Guangdong are the best; those from Fujian have weaker efficacy; those from Zhejiang are inferior still. The older it is stored, the better.
Remove the stalk and the floating membrane, then sun-dry.
It stops coughing and relieves vomiting, possessing a subtle harmonizing effect. It clears phlegm and regulates Qi, without the drawback of being harsh or acrid. Retaining the white pith favors tonifying the Stomach; removing the white pith favors unblocking and regulating Qi.
Bitterness can drain Qi and dry dampness; pungency can disperse Qi; warmth can harmonize Qi. When combined with tonifying herbs, it tonifies; when combined with purgative herbs, it purges; when combined with ascending herbs, it ascends; when combined with descending herbs, it descends. The Spleen is the mother of Original Qi (Yuan Qi), and the Lung is the bellows controlling the intake and output of Qi; therefore, this herb enters only these two meridians. Although its Qi action is moderate, single administration over a long period will also damage True Yuan (Zhen Yuan). Tangerine peel (Ju Pi) directs Qi downward and eliminates phlegm, while tangerine flesh generates phlegm and gathers Qi; though from the same source, their effects are so contrary.
Ju Hong (Tangerine Red Peel): Hot in nature. Dispels cold, directs Qi downward, resolves phlegm, and dissipates nodules.
Pungent in flavor, warm in nature, toxic. Enters the Heart, Spleen, and Stomach meridians. Chai Hu (Radix Bupleuri) serves as a guiding herb. It is incompatible with Gleditsiae Sinensis Fructus (Sao Jia). It fears Realgar (Xiong Huang), Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens (Sheng Jiang), Testudinis et Chelydrae Carapax et Plastrum (Bie Jia), and Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata (Wu Tou). Avoid mutton blood, Sargassum Herba (Hai Zao), and Malt Sugar (Yi Tang). Soak in water for five days, changing the water daily to remove saliva. Boil together with Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens (Sheng Jiang) and Alum (Fan Shi) until the liquid is dry.
Resolves phlegm and dries dampness, opens the appetite and strengthens the Spleen. Treats rebellious cough and vomiting, vertigo, and coma. Phlegm-jue headache, fullness and hardness below the heart. Can eliminate carbuncles, but may cause abortion.
Wang Ji said: "Damp-heat in the Spleen and Stomach transforms fluids into phlegm; without Ban Xia, how could this be treated?" Li Shizhen said: "The Spleen does not generate phlegm without dampness; thus, the Spleen is the source of phlegm generation, and the Lung is the vessel storing phlegm. Ban Xia treats phlegm because of its slippery texture and pungent-warm nature. Laypeople consider Ban Xia to be drying, not realizing that once dampness is removed, the earth becomes dry, and phlegm-fluids do not arise; this is not due to its inherent drying nature. However, one must fear using it when the pathogen is not damp-heat, as this would further deplete body fluids, which is indeed inappropriate. According to records, Ban Xia's indications cover mostly Spleen-dampness patterns. If there is no dampness, it falls under contraindications. The ancients stated that Ban Xia has three prohibitions: for patients with blood deficiency, thirst, and excessive sweating. If there is no Spleen-dampness but instead Lung-dryness, accidental ingestion of Ban Xia leads to irreparable regret; the responsibility lies with the physician. Be cautious and heed these warnings."