味辛，性温，无毒。入脾、胃、肝、肾四经。
调和中气，破结滞而胃开。温补下焦，壮元阳而肾暖。疗脾家痰涎之血，去肌肤水肿之
邪。
大肠虚闭宜投，小便气淋须用。
芬芳之气，与脾胃相投，温而下沉，与命门相契。怒则气上，肝之过也，辛温下降，故
平肝
有功。
沉香降气之要药，然命门火衰，不宜多用，气虚下陷者，切勿沾唇。
味辛，性温，无毒。入肺、心、胃三经。
芳香辟秽，降逆理气，运中宫，能于开胃进食疗噎。调上焦，气在胸膈咽嗌之间。通鼻
窍塞
，止心腹疼。
东垣云∶“白檀调气，引芳香之物，上至极高之分，最宜橙橘之属，辅以砂、蔻、益智，
通
行阳明之经，为理气要药。”
（见食疗）
味苦，性温，无毒。入肺、脾二经。年久者良。去白，炒。
理上焦之气，止呕宜求。进中州之食，健脾宜简。
性虽中和，单用多用，亦损正气、脾虚者，须与参术并行，乃有相成之益耳。
花∶作茶饮、可舒气宽胸。
味辛、苦，酸。性温，无毒。入肝、胃二经。
行气开郁，豁痰辟恶。舒肝悦脾，和胃止恶。胸闷胁胀，咳喘频作。梅核气阻，时时感
觉。
花∶芳香止痛，和畅肺肝。
阴血不足者，不宜常用多用。
味辛，性平，无毒。入肺、脾、胃、肝四经。
生津止渴，开胃消痰。通舒经络、流畅肺肝。陈郁之气、久积能散。
辛平能散结滞、芳香能除秽恶。又能润肌肤、悦颜色。产闽中者，力胜江浙诸种。
【沉香】
味道辛，性质温，没有毒性。归入脾、胃、肝、肾四经。
能够调和中气（脾胃之气），破除气机结滞从而使胃气开通。温补下焦（肝肾所在部位），壮旺元阳（肾中阳气）从而使肾脏温暖。治疗脾脏痰涎引起的出血，去除肌肤水肿的病邪。
大肠虚寒导致的便秘适宜使用，小便因气机阻滞引起的淋证必须使用。
芬芳的气味，与脾胃相投合；药性温热且质地下沉，与命门（肾阳之根）相契合。发怒会导致气机上逆，这是肝脏的过失，沉香味辛性温且具有下降之性，因此在平抑肝气方面有功效。
沉香是降气的关键药物，然而如果命门火衰（肾阳不足），不适宜多用；对于气虚下陷的患者，千万不要沾唇服用。
【白檀香】
味道辛，性质温，没有毒性。归入肺、心、胃三经。
芳香之气可以辟除秽浊邪气，降逆理气，运转中宫（脾胃），能够开胃进食，治疗噎膈（吞咽困难）。调理上焦（心肺所在部位），使胸膈咽喉之间的气机通畅。通利鼻窍闭塞，停止心腹疼痛。
李东垣说：“白檀香能调和气机，引导芳香类药物上行至极高的部位，最适合配合橙橘类药材，辅以砂仁、豆蔻、益智仁，通行阳明经，是理气的关键药物。”
【佛手】
（见食疗部分）
味道苦，性质温，没有毒性。归入肺、脾二经。年份久远的药材效果较好。去掉白色瓤部，炒制后使用。
调理上焦的气机，止呕应当寻求它的作用。增进中州（脾胃）的饮食，健脾应当简约使用。
药性虽然平和中正，但单独使用或大量使用，也会损伤正气。脾虚的患者，必须与人参、白术并行使用，才能起到相辅相成的益处。
花：制作成茶饮，可以舒展气机、宽胸理气。
【青皮】
味道辛、苦，兼有酸味。性质温，没有毒性。归入肝、胃二经。
行气开郁，豁痰辟恶。舒缓肝脏，愉悦脾脏，和胃止恶。治疗胸闷胁肋胀满，咳嗽气喘频繁发作。梅核气（感觉咽喉中有异物感）阻塞，时常感觉到不适。
花：芳香止痛，调和畅达肺肝之气。
阴血不足的患者，不适宜经常使用或大量使用。
【陈皮】
味道辛，性质平，没有毒性。归入肺、脾、胃、肝四经。
生津止渴，开胃消痰。疏通舒张经络，流畅肺肝之气。陈旧的郁结之气，日久积累也能消散。
辛平之性能解散结滞，芳香之性能去除秽恶。又能滋润肌肤，使面色悦泽。产于福建的，效力胜过江浙地区的各种陈皮。
[Chenxiang (Aquilaria Lignum)]
Pungent in flavor, warm in nature, non-toxic. Enters the Spleen, Stomach, Liver, and Kidney meridians.
Regulates and harmonizes Middle Jiao Qi (Qi of the Spleen and Stomach), breaks up stagnation to open the Stomach. Warms and tonifies the Lower Jiao (the area of the Liver and Kidneys), strengthens Yuan Yang (Kidney Yang) to warm the Kidneys. Treats bleeding caused by phlegm-saliva in the Spleen; eliminates pathogenic factors causing edema of the skin and muscles.
Indicated for deficiency-cold constipation of the Large Intestine; essential for Qi-type strangury (dysuria due to Qi stagnation).
Its fragrant aroma harmonizes with the Spleen and Stomach; its warm nature and sinking quality accord with the Mingmen (Gate of Vitality/Kidney Yang). Anger causes Qi to ascend, which is a dysfunction of the Liver; Chenxiang’s pungent and warm descending action makes it effective in calming the Liver.
Chenxiang is a crucial herb for descending Qi. However, if Mingming Fire is deficient (Kidney Yang Deficiency), it should not be used excessively. It must strictly be avoided by patients with Qi deficiency and sinking.
[Baitanxiang (Santalum Album Lignum)]
Pungent in flavor, warm in nature, non-toxic. Enters the Lung, Heart, and Stomach meridians.
Fragrance dispels turbidity, descends rebellious Qi, regulates Qi, and moves the Central Palace (Spleen and Stomach); it can stimulate appetite and treat dysphagia (difficulty swallowing). Regulates the Upper Jiao (Lungs and Heart), clearing Qi obstruction between the chest, diaphragm, throat, and epiglottis. Opens nasal orifices blocked by congestion, stops pain in the heart and abdomen.
Li Dongyuan stated: "Baitanxiang harmonizes Qi, guiding aromatic substances to the highest regions. It is most suitable when combined with citrus fruits, assisted by Amomum Fruit (Sharen), Cardamom (Doukou), and Alpinia Oxyphylla Fruit (Yizhi), to circulate through the Yangming Meridian, making it an essential herb for regulating Qi."
[Foshou (Citrus Sarcodactylis Fructus)]
(Briefly mentioned in Dietary Therapy sections)
Bitter in flavor, warm in nature, non-toxic. Enters the Lung and Spleen meridians. Older specimens are superior. Remove the white pith and stir-fry before use.
Regulates Qi in the Upper Jiao; sought after for stopping vomiting. Enhances food intake in the Central Region (Spleen and Stomach); used sparingly for strengthening the Spleen.
Although its nature is neutral and balanced, using it alone or in large doses may damage healthy Qi. Patients with Spleen Deficiency must use it concurrently with Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma (Renshen) and Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome (Baizhu) to achieve synergistic benefits.
Flower: Can be made into tea to soothe Qi and broaden the chest.
[Qingpi (Citrus Reticulata Viride Pericarpium)]
Pungent and bitter, with a sour note. Warm in nature, non-toxic. Enters the Liver and Stomach meridians.
Moves Qi and opens depression, resolves phlegm and dispels malignancy. Soothes the Liver and pleases the Spleen, harmonizes the Stomach and stops nausea. Treats chest fullness and hypochondriac distension, frequent coughing and wheezing. Relieves Plum-pit Qi (Globus hystericus) obstruction, alleviating the constant sensation of discomfort.
Flower: Fragrant, relieves pain, harmonizes and unblocks Lung and Liver Qi.
Not suitable for regular or heavy use in patients with Yin and Blood deficiency.
[Chenpi (Citrus Reticulata Pericarpium)]
Pungent in flavor, neutral in nature, non-toxic. Enters the Lung, Spleen, Stomach, and Liver meridians.
Generates fluids and quenches thirst, stimulates appetite and resolves phlegm. Unblocks and relaxes collaterals, promotes smooth flow of Lung and Liver Qi. Dissipates stale stagnant Qi accumulated over time.
Its pungent and neutral nature can scatter nodules and stagnation; its fragrance removes turbidity and foulness. It also moistens the skin and enhances complexion. Specimens produced in Fujian possess greater efficacy than those from Jiangsu and Zhejiang.