（宋《开宝》）
【释名】玄胡索。好古曰∶本名玄胡索，避宋真宗讳，改玄为延也。
【集解】藏器曰∶延胡索生于奚，从安东道来，根如半夏，色黄。时珍曰∶奚乃东北夷
也。今二茅山西上龙洞种之。每年寒露后栽，立春后生苗，叶如竹叶样，三月长三寸高，根
丛生如芋卵样，立夏掘起。
根
【气味】辛，温，无毒。 曰∶苦，甘。杲曰∶甘、辛，温，可升可降，阴中阳也。
好古曰∶苦、辛，温，纯阳，浮也，入手、足太阴经。
【主治】破血，妇人月经不调，腹中结块，崩中淋露，产后诸血病，血运，暴血冲上，
因损下血。煮酒或酒磨服（《开宝》）。除风治气，暖腰膝，止暴腰痛，破症癖，扑损瘀血，
落胎（大明）。治心气小腹痛，有神（好古）。散气，治肾气，通经络（李 ）。活血利气，
止痛，通小便（时珍）。
【发明】 曰∶主肾气，及破产后恶露或儿枕。与三棱、鳖甲、大黄为散，甚良，虫蛀
成末者，尤良。
时珍曰∶玄胡索，味苦微辛，气温，入手、足太阴、厥阴四经，能行血中气滞，气中血
滞，故专治一身上下诸痛，用之中的，妙不可言。荆穆王妃胡氏，因食荞麦面着怒，遂病胃
脘当心痛，不可忍。医用吐下行气化滞诸药，皆入口即吐，不能奏功。大便三日不通。因思
《雷公炮炙论》云∶心痛欲死，速觅延胡。乃以玄胡索末三钱，温酒调下，即纳入，少顷大
便行而痛遂止。又华老年五十余，病下痢腹痛垂死，已备棺木。予用此药三钱，米饮服之，
痛即减十之五，调理而安。按∶《方勺泊宅编》云∶一人病遍体作痛，殆不可忍。都下医或
云中风，或去中湿，或云香港脚，药悉不效。周离亨言∶是气血凝滞所致。用玄胡索、当归、
桂心等分，为末，温酒服三四钱，随量频进，以止为度，遂痛止。盖玄胡索能活血化气，
第一品药也。其后赵待制霆因导引失节，肢体拘挛，亦用此数服而愈。
【附方】旧三，新一十二。
老小咳嗽∶玄胡索一两，枯矾二钱半。为末。每服二钱，软饧一块和，含之。（《仁存
堂方》）鼻出衄血∶玄胡索末，绵裹塞耳内，左衄塞右，右衄塞左。（《普济方》）小便尿血∶
玄胡索一两，朴硝七钱半，为末。每服四钱，水煎服。（《活人书》）小便不通∶捻头散∶治
小儿小便不通。用玄胡索、川苦楝子等分，为末。每服半钱或一钱，白汤滴油数点调下。（钱
仲阳《小儿直诀》）膜外气疼及气块。玄胡索不限多少。为末。猪胰一具，切作块子，炙熟
蘸末，频食之。（《胜金方》）热厥心痛，或发或止，久不愈，身热足寒者。用玄胡索（去皮）、
金铃子肉等分，为末，每温酒或白汤下二钱。（《圣惠方》）
下痢腹痛∶方见发明下。妇女血气，腹中刺痛，经候不调。用玄胡索（去皮，醋炒）、
当归（酒浸炒）各一两，橘红二两。为末，酒煮米糊丸梧子大。每服一百丸，空心艾醋汤下。
（《济生方》）产后诸病∶凡产后，秽污不尽，腹满，及产后血运，心头硬，或寒热不禁，或
心闷、手足烦热、气力欲绝诸病。并用玄胡索炒研，酒服一钱，甚效。（《圣惠方》）小儿盘
肠气痛。玄胡索、茴香等分，炒研，空心米饮量儿大小与服。（《卫生易简方》）疝气危急∶
玄胡索（盐炒）、全蝎（去毒生用）等分。为末。每服半钱，空心盐酒下。（《直指方》）冷气
腰痛∶玄胡索、当归、桂心三味，方见发明下。肢体拘痛∶方同上。偏正头痛，不可忍者。
玄胡索七枚，青黛二钱，牙皂二个（去皮子）。为末，水和丸如杏仁大。每以水化一丸，灌
入病患鼻内，随左右，口咬铜钱一个，当有涎出成盆而愈。（《永类方》）坠落车马，筋骨痛
不止。玄胡索末。豆淋酒服二钱，日二服。（《圣惠方》）
（出自宋代《开宝本草》）
【释名】玄胡索。李好古说：原名玄胡索，为避宋真宗赵祯的名讳，将“玄”字改为“延”字。
【集解】陈藏器说：延胡索生长在奚地，从安东道传入，根部形状像半夏，颜色发黄。李时珍说：奚是东北的少数民族地区。现在茅山和上龙洞有种植。每年寒露节气后栽种，立春后发芽生长，叶子像竹叶的样子，三月时长到三寸高，根部丛生像芋头卵一样，立夏时节挖掘采收。
【气味】辛味，温性，无毒。某医家说：苦味，甘味。王杲说：甘、辛，温性，药性可升可降，属于阴中之阳。李好古说：苦、辛，温性，纯阳之品，药势上浮，归入手太阴肺经和足太阴脾经。
【主治】破血行瘀，治疗妇女月经不调，腹中结块，崩漏下血淋漓不尽，产后各种血证，血晕，突发大量出血冲逆于上，因外伤导致的下部出血。煮酒服用或用酒磨服（《开宝本草》）。祛风理气，温暖腰膝，止急性腰痛，破除症瘕积聚，治疗跌打损伤瘀血，堕胎（唐·甄权《药性论》）。治疗心气引起的小腹痛，效果显著（李好古）。散气滞，调理肾气，通经络（李东垣）。活血理气，止痛，通利小便（李时珍）。
【发明】某医家说：主治肾气病，以及产后恶露不尽或儿枕痛。与三棱、鳖甲、大黄一起研成散剂，效果很好，如果是被虫蛀过的药材研成的末，效果更佳。
李时珍说：玄胡索，味苦微辛，气温，归入手太阴肺经、足太阴脾经、手厥阴心包经、足厥阴肝经这四条经脉，能运行血中的气滞，运行气中的血滞，所以专门治疗全身上下各种疼痛，使用得当，妙不可言。荆穆王妃胡氏，因为吃荞麦面时生了气，于是得了胃脘部当心而痛的症状，疼痛难忍。医生用催吐、通便、行气化滞等药物治疗，但药物入口即吐，无法奏效。大便三天不通。于是想起《雷公炮炙论》中说：“心痛欲死，速觅延胡。”于是用玄胡索粉末三钱，用温酒调服，药物随即咽下，不久大便通畅，疼痛立即停止。又有一位华姓老人五十多岁，患痢疾腹痛濒临死亡，已经准备好了棺材。我用此药三钱，用米汤送服，疼痛立刻减轻十分之五，经过调理后痊愈。按：《方勺泊宅编》记载：有一人全身疼痛，几乎无法忍受。京城里的医生有的说是中风，有的说是湿气，有的说是脚气，用药都无效。周离亨说：这是气血凝滞所致。用玄胡索、当归、桂心各等分，研成粉末，用温酒服用三四钱，根据情况频繁进服，以疼痛停止为限度，于是疼痛停止。大概玄胡索能活血化气，是第一流的药物。后来赵待制霆因为导引养生失节，肢体拘挛，也是服用此药几服而痊愈。
【附方】旧方三个，新方十二个。
老幼咳嗽：玄胡索一两，枯矾二钱半。研成粉末。每次服用二钱，用一块软饴糖调和，含在口中。（《仁存堂方》）鼻出血：玄胡索粉末，用棉布包裹塞入耳内，左侧鼻出血塞右耳，右侧鼻出血塞左耳。（《普济方》）小便尿血：玄胡索一两，朴硝七钱半，研成粉末。每次服用四钱，水煎服。（《活人书》）小便不通：捻头散：治疗小儿小便不通。用玄胡索、川苦楝子各等分，研成粉末。每次服用半钱或一钱，用白开水滴入几滴油调服。（钱乙《小儿直诀》）膜外气疼及气块。玄胡索不限数量。研成粉末。取一个猪胰脏，切成块状，烤熟后蘸粉末吃，经常食用。（《胜金方》）热厥心痛，或发作或停止，久治不愈，身体发热脚发冷的。用玄胡索（去皮）、金铃子肉各等分，研成粉末，每次用温酒或白开水送服二钱。（《圣惠方》）
下痢腹痛：方剂见【发明】部分下方。妇女血气病，腹中刺痛，月经不调。用玄胡索（去皮，醋炒）、当归（酒浸炒）各一两，橘红二两。研成粉末，用酒煮米糊制成梧桐子大小的丸药。每次服用一百丸，空腹时用艾叶醋汤送服。（《济生方》）产后诸病：凡是产后，恶露不尽，腹部胀满，以及产后血晕，心头硬满，或寒热不止，或心闷、手足烦热、气力欲绝等各种病症。都用玄胡索炒后研碎，用酒送服一钱，效果很好。（《圣惠方》）小儿盘肠气痛。玄胡索、茴香各等分，炒后研碎，空腹时用米汤根据患儿大小给予服用。（《卫生易简方》）疝气危急：玄胡索（盐炒）、全蝎（去毒生用）各等分。研成粉末。每次服用半钱，空腹时用盐酒送服。（《直指方》）冷气腰痛：玄胡索、当归、桂心三味药，方剂见【发明】部分下方。肢体拘痛：方剂同上。偏头痛或正头痛，疼痛难忍的。玄胡索七枚，青黛二钱，牙皂二个（去皮去子）。研成粉末，用水调和制成如杏仁大小的丸药。每次取一丸用水化开，灌入患者鼻孔内，无论左右，让患者口咬一枚铜钱，会有涎水流出如盆多而痊愈。（《永类方》）坠落车马，筋骨疼痛不止。玄胡索粉末。用豆淋酒送服二钱，每天两次。（《圣惠方》）
(From the Song Dynasty *Kaibao Bencao*)
[Names] Xuanhusuo (Corydalis Rhizome). Li Haogu stated: Originally named Xuanhusuo, to avoid the naming taboo of Emperor Zhenzong of Song, "Xuan" was changed to "Yan".
[Collection and Explanation] Chen Cangqi stated: Yanhusuo grows in Xi, introduced via Andong Road. The root resembles Pinelliae Rhizoma (Banxia), with a yellow color. Li Shizhen stated: Xi refers to the ethnic minorities in the northeast. Currently, it is cultivated in Mao Mountain and Shanglong Cave. It is planted after the Cold Dew solar term, sprouts after the Beginning of Spring, leaves resemble bamboo leaves, reaches three cun in height by the third lunar month, roots grow in clusters resembling taro tubers, and are dug up at the Beginning of Summer.
[Flavor and Properties] Acrid, warm, non-toxic. Some physicians stated: Bitter, sweet. Wang Gao stated: Sweet, acrid, warm; properties can ascend or descend, belonging to yang within yin. Li Haogu stated: Bitter, acrid, warm; purely yang, floating, entering the Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian and Foot-Taiyin Spleen Meridian.
[Indications] Breaks blood stasis; treats irregular menstruation in women, abdominal masses, metrorrhagia and metrostaxis (bleeding and spotting), various postpartum blood disorders, blood syncope, sudden massive hemorrhage rushing upward, and lower body bleeding due to trauma. Decocted in wine or ground in wine for administration (*Kaibao Bencao*). Dispels wind and regulates qi, warms the waist and knees, stops acute lumbar pain, breaks zhang and ji accumulations, treats traumatic blood stasis, and induces abortion (Zhen Quan). Treats heart-qi related lower abdominal pain with divine efficacy (Li Haogu). Scatters qi stagnation, regulates kidney qi, and unblocks meridians (Li Dongyuan). Invigorates blood and promotes qi movement, relieves pain, and promotes urination (Li Shizhen).
[Elucidation] Some physicians stated: It primarily treats kidney qi disorders, as well as postpartum lochia retention or "child pillow" pain. Combined with Sanleng (Sparganii Rhizoma), Biejia (Testudinis Carapax et Plastrum), and Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma) into a powder, it is very effective; powder made from worm-eaten herbs is even better.
Li Shizhen stated: Xuanhusuo has a bitter and slightly acrid flavor and warm temperature. It enters the Hand-Taiyin Lung, Foot-Taiyin Spleen, Hand-Jueyin Pericardium, and Foot-Jueyin Liver meridians. It can move qi stagnation in blood and blood stagnation in qi. Therefore, it specifically treats all kinds of pain throughout the upper and lower body. When used appropriately, its efficacy is indescribable. Princess Hu of Jingmu fell ill with severe epigastric pain after eating buckwheat noodles while angry. Physicians used emetics, purgatives, and qi-regulating agents, but she vomited immediately upon ingestion, rendering them ineffective. Her bowels had not moved for three days. Recalling the *Leigong Paozhi Lun* stating, "When heart pain is unbearable, quickly seek Yanhu," he administered three qian of Xuanhusuo powder mixed with warm wine. The medicine was retained, and shortly thereafter, bowel movements resumed and pain ceased. Another case involved an elderly Mr. Hua, aged over fifty, suffering from dysentery with abdominal pain near death, with coffins already prepared. I administered three qian of this herb with rice water; pain decreased by 50%, and he recovered after conditioning. Note: *Fang Shuo Bo Zhai Bian* records a case of a person suffering from unbearable generalized pain. Doctors in the capital attributed it to wind-stroke, dampness, or gout, with no effect. Zhou Liheng diagnosed it as qi and blood stagnation. He prescribed equal parts of Yanhusuo, Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), and Guixin (Cinnamomi Ramulus) powdered and taken with warm wine (3-4 qian per dose, frequently until pain stopped). Pain ceased. This demonstrates that Yanhusuo is a premier herb for invigorating blood and transforming qi. Later, Zhao Daizhi Ting suffered limb spasms due to improper Qigong practice and was cured after several doses of this herb.
[Attached Prescriptions] Three old prescriptions, twelve new prescriptions.
Old and young coughing: Yanhusuo 1 liang, Kufan (Alumen) 2.5 qian. Powdered. Take 2 qian per dose, mixed with soft malt sugar, and hold in mouth (*Renrentang Fang*). Epistaxis: Xuanhusuo powder wrapped in cotton, inserted into the ear. For left-sided epistaxis, insert into right ear; for right-sided, insert into left (*Puji Fang*). Hematuria: Yanhusuo 1 liang, Xiaoyan (Natrii Sulfas) 7.5 qian. Powdered. Take 4 qian per dose, decocted in water (*Huoren Shu*). Urinary retention: Niantou San: Treats pediatric urinary retention. Yanhusuo and Chuan Kulianzi (Meliae Toosendan Fructus) in equal parts, powdered. Take 0.5 or 1 qian per dose, mixed with hot water and a few drops of oil (*Xiao'er Zhijue*). External qi pain and qi masses: Yanhusuo, quantity unspecified. Powdered. One pig pancreas, cut into pieces, roasted, and dipped in powder; eat frequently (*Shengjin Fang*). Heat-jue heart pain, intermittent, chronic, with body heat and cold feet: Yanhusuo (peeled) and Jinlingzi Rou (Meliosmae Fructus) in equal parts, powdered. Take 2 qian per dose with warm wine or hot water (*Shenghui Fang*).
Dysentery with abdominal pain: See prescription under [Elucidation]. Women's blood and qi disorders, stabbing abdominal pain, irregular menstruation: Yanhusuo (peeled, stir-fried with vinegar) and Danggui (soaked in wine, stir-fried) each 1 liang, Juhong (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Rubrum) 2 liang. Powdered, mixed with wine-boiled rice paste into pills the size of wutong seeds. Take 100 pills per dose on an empty stomach with mugwort vinegar soup (*Jisheng Fang*). Postpartum disorders: For any postpartum condition where foul discharge remains incomplete, abdominal fullness, postpartum blood syncope, hardness at the heart region, uncontrollable chills and fever, chest oppression, irritability of hands and feet, or exhaustion of strength: Use Yanhusuo, stir-fried and powdered, taken with wine (1 qian per dose); highly effective (*Shenghui Fang*). Pediatric pan-chang qi pain: Yanhusuo and Huixiang (Foeniculi Fructus) in equal parts, stir-fried and powdered. Take appropriate amount based on child's age with rice water on an empty stomach (*Weisheng Yijian Fang*). Critical hernia: Yanhusuo (salt-stir-fried) and Quanxie (Scorpio) in equal parts. Powdered. Take 0.5 qian per dose on an empty stomach with salt wine (*Zhizhi Fang*). Cold qi lumbar pain: Yanhusuo, Danggui, and Guixin; see prescription under [Elucidation]. Limb stiffness and pain: Same prescription as above. Migraine or frontal headache, unbearable: Seven pieces of Yanhusuo, Qingdai (Indigo Naturalis) 2 qian, Yazao (Gleditsiae Sinensis Spina) two pieces (peeled and seeded). Powdered, mixed with water into pills the size of apricot kernels. Dissolve one pill in water and instill into the patient's nostril (left or right depending on pain side), while having the patient bite a copper coin; profuse salivation will occur, leading to cure (*Yonglei Fang*). Trauma from falling from horses or carriages, persistent bone and tendon pain: Yanhusuo powder. Take 2 qian with Doulin Jiu (Soybean-leavened wine), twice daily (*Shenghui Fang*).