（《纲目》）
【释名】竹佛子（《纲目》）、天厌子。
【集解】
时珍曰∶竹虱生诸竹，及草木上皆有之。初生如粉点，久便能动，百十成簇。形大如虱，
苍灰色。或云湿热气化，或云虫卵所化。古方未有用者。惟南宫从《岣嵝神
巴邛、吴越、荆楚之间，春秋竹内有虫似虱而苍，取之阴干，可治中风。即此也。
【气味】有毒。
【主治】中风，半身不遂，能透经络，追涎（时珍）。
【附方】新一。
中风偏痹，半身不遂者∶用麻
孔，其病处不糊。以竹虱（焙为末）
臾药
行如风声，口吐出恶水，身出臭汗
日，手足如故也。（《岣
（湿生类二十三种，附录七种）
（《别录》下品）
【释名】 （音蹙秋）、 （
癞蛤蟆。
时珍曰∶蟾蜍，《说文》作詹诸。云∶其声詹诸，其皮 KT ，其行 。《诗》云∶
得此 戚 。《韩诗》注云∶戚施，蟾蜍也。戚音蹴。后世名苦 ，其声也。蚵 ，其皮
也。
【集解】
《别录》曰∶蟾蜍生江湖池泽。五月五日取东行者，阴干用。
弘景曰∶此是腹大、皮上多痱磊者。其皮汁甚有毒，犬啮之，口皆肿。五月五日取东行
者五枚，反缚着密室中闭之。明旦视自解者，取为术用，能使人缚亦自解。
萧炳曰∶腹下有丹书八字，以足画地者，真蟾蜍也。
颂曰∶今处处有之。《别录》谓蛤蟆一名蟾蜍，以为一物，非也。按∶《尔雅》∶ ，
蟾也。郭璞云∶似蛤蟆居陆
行极迟缓，不能跳跃，亦不解鸣。蛤蟆多在陂泽间。形小，皮上多黑斑点。能跳接百虫，举
动极急。二物虽一类，而功用少别，亦当分而用之。蟾蜍屎，谓之土槟榔，下湿处往往有之，
亦能主疾。
宗 曰∶世传三足者为蟾，人遂为三足枯蟾以罔众。但以水沃半日，其伪自见，盖无三
足者也。
时珍曰∶蟾蜍锐头皤腹，促眉浊声，土形，有大如盘者。《自然论》云∶蟾蜍吐生，掷
粪自其口出也。《抱朴子》云∶蟾蜍千岁，头上有角，腹下丹书，名曰肉芝，能食山精。人
得食之可
于此可推。许氏《说文》谓三足者为蟾，而寇氏非之，固是。但龟、鳖皆有三足，则蟾之三
足非怪也。若谓入药必用三足，则谬矣。《岣嵝神书》载蟾宝之法∶用大蟾一枚，以长尺铁
钉四个，钉脚，
人吞之，可越江湖也。愚谓纵有此术，谁敢吞之？方技诳说，未足深信。漫记于此，以备祛
疑。
【修治】《蜀图经》曰∶五月五日取得，日干或烘干用。一法∶去皮、爪，酒浸一宿，
又用黄精自然
时珍曰∶今人皆于端午日捕取，风干，黄泥固济， 存性用之。《永类钤方》云∶蟾目
赤，腹无八字者不可用。崔实《四民月令》云∶五月五日取蟾蜍，可治恶疮。即此也。
亦有酒浸取肉者。钱仲阳治小儿冷热疳泻，如圣丸，用干者，酒煮成膏丸药，亦一法也。
【气味】辛，凉，微毒。
【主治】阴蚀，疽疠恶疮， 犬伤疮，能合玉石（《别录》）。烧灰敷疮，立验。又治温
病发斑困笃者。去肠
藏器曰∶捣烂绞汁饮，或烧末服）。杀疳虫，治鼠漏恶疮。烧灰，敷一切有虫恶痒滋胤
疮（《药性》）。治疳气，小儿面黄癖气，破症结。烧
瘦疳疾，最良（苏颂）。
【发明】时珍曰∶蟾蜍，土之精也。上应月魄而性灵异，穴土食虫，又伏山精，制蜈蚣；
故能入阳明经，退虚热，行湿气，杀虫 ，而为疳病痈疽诸疮要药也。《别录》云“治 犬
伤”，《肘后》亦有方法。按∶沈约《宋书》云∶张牧为 犬所伤，人云宜啖蛤蟆脍，食之遂
愈。
此亦治痈疽疔肿之意，大抵是物能攻毒拔毒耳。古今诸方所用蛤蟆，不甚分别，多是蟾蜍。
读者当审用之，不可因名迷实也。
【附方】旧八，新十七。
腹中冷癖∶水谷 结，心下停痰，两胁痞满，按之鸣转，逆害饮食。大蟾蜍一枚，去皮、
肠，支解之。芒硝强人一升，中人七合，弱人五合，水七升，煮四升，顿服，得下为度。（《肘
后方》）
小儿疳积∶治小儿疳积腹大，黄瘦骨立，头生疮结如麦穗。用立秋后大蛤蟆去首、足、
肠，以清油涂之，阴阳瓦炙熟食之，积秽自下。连服五六枚，一月之后，形容改变，妙不
可言。
五疳八痢∶面黄肌瘦，好食泥土，不思乳食。用大干蟾蜍一枚（烧存性），皂角（去皮、
弦）一钱（烧存性），蛤粉（水飞）三钱，麝香一钱，为末，糊丸粟米大。每空心米饮下三
四十丸，日二服。名五疳保童丸。（《全婴方》）。
小儿疳泄下痢∶用蛤蟆烧存性研，饮服方寸匕。（《子母秘录》）。
走马牙疳，侵蚀口鼻∶干蚵 （黄泥裹固， 过）、黄连各二钱半，青黛一钱，为末，
入
麝香少许和研，敷之。（《郑氏小儿方》）
疳蚀腮穿∶金鞭散∶治疳疮，腮穿牙落。以抱退鸡子软白皮，包活土狗一个，放入大蛤
蟆口内，草缚泥固 过，取出研末，贴之，以愈为度。（《普济方》）
小儿口疮∶五月五日蛤蟆炙研末，敷之即瘥。（《秘录》）
一切疳 ∶无问去处，皆能治之。蛤蟆，烧灰，醋和敷，一日三五度。（《梅师方》）
阴蚀欲尽∶蛤蟆灰、兔屎等分为末，敷之。（《肘后》）
月蚀耳疮∶五月五日蛤蟆，烧末，猪膏和敷。（《外台方》）
小儿蓐疮∶五月五日取蟾蜍炙研末，敷之即瘥。（《秘录》）
小儿脐疮出汁，久不瘥∶蛤蟆，烧末，敷之，日三，甚验。一加牡蛎等分。（《外台》）
一切湿疮∶蟾蜍烧灰，猪脂和敷。（《千金方》）
小儿癣疮∶蟾蜍烧灰，猪脂和敷。（《外台方》）
癞风虫疮∶干蛤蟆一两（炙），长肥皂一条（炙，去皮、子，蘸酒再炙）为末，以竹管
引入
羊肠内，系定，以麸铺甑内，置药麸上蒸熟，入麝
酒服二十一丸。（《直指》）
乱头发一鸡子大，猪油四
骨末糁四边，以前膏贴之
发背肿毒未成者∶用活蟾一个，系放疮上，半日蟾必昏愦，置水
如前法，其蟾必踉跄。再易一个，其蟾如旧，则毒散矣。累验极效。若势重者，以活蟾一个
（或二三个）破开，连肚乘热合疮上，不久必臭不可闻，再易二三次
也。（《医林集要》）
肿毒初起∶大蛤蟆一个剁碎，同炒锻石研如泥，敷之。频易。（余居士方）
破伤风病∶用蟾二两半，切
少顷通身汗出，神效。
犬咬伤∶《肘后》∶治
本人知之。自后再不发也。《袖珍》∶治疯犬伤。即用蛤蟆后足捣烂，水调服之。先于顶心拔
去血发三
肠头挺出∶蟾蜍皮一片，瓶内烧烟熏之，并敷之。
佩禳疟疾∶五月五日收大蛤蟆，晒干。纸封，绛囊贮之，男
（《杨氏家藏方》）
折伤接骨∶大蛤蟆生研如泥，劈竹裹缚其骨，自痊。（《奚囊备急方》）
大肠痔疾∶蟾蜍一个，以砖砌四方，安于内，泥住，火 存性为末。以猪广肠一截，扎
定两头，煮熟切碎，蘸蟾末食之。如此
头
【主治】功同蟾蜍。
蟾酥（采治）
宗 曰∶眉间白汁，谓之蟾酥。以油单纸裹眉裂之，酥出纸上，阴干用。
时珍曰∶取蟾酥不一∶或以手捏眉棱，取白汁于油纸上及桑叶上，插背阴处，一宿即自
干白，安置竹筒内盛之，真者轻浮，入口味甜也。或以蒜及胡椒等辣物纳口中，则蟾身白汁
出，以竹篦刮下，面和成块，干之。其汁不可入人目，令人赤、肿、盲。或以紫草汁洗点，
即消。
【气味】甘、辛，温，有毒。
【主治】小儿疳疾、脑疳（甄权曰∶端午日取眉脂，以朱砂、麝香为丸，如麻子大，治
小孩子疳瘦，空心服一丸。如脑疳，以奶汁调，滴鼻中，甚妙）。酥同牛酥，或吴茱萸苗汁
调，摩腰眼、阴
少许按之，立止（宗 ）。发
【附方】新十一。
拔取疔黄∶蟾蜍，以面丸梧子大。每用一丸安舌下，即黄出也。（《青囊杂纂》）
拔取疔毒∶蟾酥，以白面、黄丹搜作剂，每丸麦粒大。以指爬动疮上插入。重
之。仍以水澄膏贴之。（危氏方）
疔疮恶肿∶蟾酥一钱，巴豆四
以蓄根、黄荆子研酒半碗服
诸疮肿硬∶针头散∶用蟾酥、麝香各一钱研匀，乳汁调和，入罐中待干。每用少许，津
调敷之。外以膏药护住，毒瓦斯自出，不能
一切疮毒∶蟾酥一钱，白面二钱，朱砂少许，井华水调成小锭子如麦大。每用一锭，井
华水服。如疮势紧急，五七锭。葱汤亦可，汗出即愈。
喉痹乳蛾∶等证∶用癞蛤蟆眉酥，和草乌尖末、猪牙皂角末等分。丸小
丸，点患处，神效。（《活人心统》）
一切齿痛疳蚀、龋齿、瘀肿∶用蚵 一枚，鞭其头背，以竹篦刮眉间，即有
许点之，即止也。（《类编》）
风虫牙痛不可忍∶《圣惠》
裹咬定，吐涎愈。一方∶用胡
。忌热物，半日效。干者，以热汤化开。
破伤风病∶蟾酥二钱，汤化为糊；干蝎（酒炒）、天麻各半两，为末，合捣，丸绿豆大。
每服一丸至二丸，豆淋酒下。（《普济方》）
【释名】竹佛子（出自《本草纲目》）、天厌子。
【集解】
李时珍说：竹虱生长在各类竹子以及草木之上。刚出生时像粉点一样，时间久了就能活动，往往百十只聚集成簇。体型大如虱子，呈苍灰色。有人说它是湿气热气化生，也有人说由虫卵变化而来。古代医方中未曾使用过它。只有南宫从的《岣嵝神书》记载：巴邛、吴越、荆楚等地，春秋季节竹子内有类似虱子的虫子且颜色发苍，采集后阴干，可以治疗中风。指的就是这种虫子。
【气味】有毒。
【主治】中风，半身不遂，能疏通经络，追出痰涎（李时珍）。
【附方】新增一方。
中风偏瘫痹阻，半身不遂者：用麻黄孔（此处原文可能有缺漏或错简，结合语境推测为某种处理后的药材或部位），其病处不糊。将竹虱焙干研末，[敷于患处或内服]，药行如风声，口吐出恶水，身出臭汗，[数]日后，手足恢复正常。（出自《岣嵝神书》）
（湿生类二十三种，附录七种）
【释名】 （音蹙秋）、 （癞蛤蟆）。
李时珍说：蟾蜍，《说文解字》写作“詹诸”。解释说：它的叫声像“詹诸”，它的皮粗糙（KT），它的行走姿态（《诗经》说：得到这个戚施。《韩诗》注解说：戚施就是蟾蜍。戚读作蹴。后世称为苦 ，是因为它的声音。蚵 ，是指它的皮。
【集解】
《名医别录》说：蟾蜍生长于江湖池泽之中。五月五日捕捉向东爬行的，阴干后使用。
陶弘景说：这是腹部大、皮上多疙瘩的那种。它的皮汁毒性很大，狗咬了它，嘴巴都会肿起来。五月五日捕捉向东爬行的五枚，反向捆绑放在密室中封闭起来。第二天早晨看自行解脱的，取来制药使用，能让被捆绑的人也能自行解脱。
萧炳说：腹部下有红色文字八字，用脚在地上划画的，才是真蟾蜍。
苏颂说：现在到处都有。《名医别录》称蛤蟆一名蟾蜍，认为是一物，这是不对的。查考《尔雅》： ，是蟾。郭璞说：像蛤蟆但生活在陆地上，行走极迟缓，不能跳跃，也不懂鸣叫。蛤蟆多在池塘沼泽间。体型小，皮上多有黑斑点。能跳跃捕捉百虫，举动极快。这两种动物虽然同属一类，但功效稍有不同，应当分开使用。蟾蜍的屎，称为土槟榔，潮湿的地方往往有，也能主治疾病。
陈承说：世间传说三足的是蟾，人们于是制作三足的枯蟾来欺骗大众。只要用水浇半天，伪装的真相自然显现，因为根本没有三足的蟾蜍。
李时珍说：蟾蜍头尖腹大，眉毛短促声音浑浊，属土形，大的有盘子那么大。《自然论》说：蟾蜍吐生，粪便从口中排出。《抱朴子》说：蟾蜍活到千岁，头上长角，腹部有红色文字，名叫肉芝，能吃山精。人吃了它可以[长寿/成仙]，由此可以推断。许慎《说文解字》说三足的是蟾，寇宗奭反对他，确实正确。但是龟、鳖都有三足的，那么蟾有三足也不算奇怪。如果说入药必须用三足的，那就错了。《岣嵝神书》记载了获取蟾宝的方法：用一只大蟾蜍，用四根一尺长的铁钉钉住它的脚，让人吞下它，就可以跨越江河湖海。我认为即使有此法术，谁敢吞食它？这是方技之人的欺诈之说，不值得深信。随意记录于此，以备消除疑惑。
【修治】《蜀图经》说：五月五日取得，日晒或烘干后使用。另一种方法：去皮、爪，酒浸一夜，再用黄精自然[汁拌?]。
李时珍说：现在的人都在端午节捕捉，风干，用黄泥密封固定，存性使用。《永类钥方》说：蟾目赤红，腹部没有八字纹的不可用。崔实的《四民月令》说：五月五日捕捉蟾蜍，可以治疗恶疮。指的就是这种。也有用酒浸泡取肉的。钱仲阳治疗小儿冷热疳泻，用如圣丸，用干燥的，酒煮成膏丸药，也是一种方法。
【气味】辛，凉，微毒。
【主治】阴蚀，疽疠恶疮，犬伤疮，能合玉石（《名医别录》）。烧成灰敷在疮上，立即见效。又治疗温病发斑病情危重者。去肠[脏?]。
孟诜说：捣烂绞汁饮用，或烧成末服用。杀疳虫，治疗鼠漏恶疮。烧成灰，敷治一切有虫恶痒滋生的疮（《药性论》）。治疗疳气，小儿面黄癖气，破除症结。烧[灰?]瘦疳疾，效果最好（苏颂）。
【发明】李时珍说：蟾蜍，是土的精华。上应月魄而性情灵异，穴居土中吃虫，又能伏制山精，克制蜈蚣；所以能入阳明经，退虚热，行湿气，杀虫，是治疗疳病痈疽各种疮疡的重要药物。《名医别录》说“治疗犬伤”，《肘后备急方》也有治疗方法。查考沈约《宋书》说：张牧被犬所伤，有人说宜吃蛤蟆脍，吃了就痊愈了。这也是治疗痈疽疔肿的意思，大体上是这种生物能攻毒拔毒罢了。古今各方所用的蛤蟆，不太区分，多是蟾蜍。读者应当审慎使用，不要因为名字而混淆实物。
【附方】旧方八首，新方十七首。
腹中冷癖：水谷凝结，心下停痰，两胁痞满，按压时鸣转，阻碍饮食。大蟾蜍一枚，去皮、肠，肢解。芒硝强壮之人用一升，中等人七合，虚弱之人五合，水七升，煮取四升，一次性服下，以下泄为度。（《肘后方》）
小儿疳积：治疗小儿疳积腹部大，黄瘦骨立，头生疮结如麦穗。用立秋后的大蛤蟆去掉头、足、肠，用清油涂抹，在阴阳瓦上炙熟食之，积秽自然下行。连服五六枚，一个月之后，容貌改变，妙不可言。
五疳八痢：面黄肌瘦，好食泥土，不思乳食。用大干蟾蜍一枚（烧存性），皂角（去皮、弦）一钱（烧存性），蛤粉（水飞）三钱，麝香一钱，研为末，糊丸如粟米大。每次空腹米饮送下三四十丸，每日两次。名为五疳保童丸。（《全婴方》）
小儿疳泄下痢：用蛤蟆烧存性研末，饮水送服方寸匕。（《子母秘录》）
走马牙疳，侵蚀口鼻：干蚵 （黄泥裹固，煅过）、黄连各二钱半，青黛一钱，研为末，加入少许麝香调和研磨，敷之。（《郑氏小儿方》）
疳蚀腮穿：金鞭散：治疗疳疮，腮穿牙落。用抱窝鸡的软白皮，包活土狗一个，放入大蛤蟆口内，草绑泥封煅过，取出研末，贴之，以愈为度。（《普济方》）
小儿口疮：五月五日蛤蟆炙研末，敷之即愈。（《秘录》）
一切疳 ：无论何处，皆能治之。蛤蟆，烧灰，醋和敷，一日三五次。（《梅师方》）
阴蚀欲尽：蛤蟆灰、兔屎等分为末，敷之。（《肘后方》）
月蚀耳疮：五月五日蛤蟆，烧末，猪脂和敷。（《外台方》）
小儿蓐疮：五月五日取蟾蜍炙研末，敷之即愈。（《秘录》）
小儿脐疮出汁，久不愈：蛤蟆，烧末，敷之，每日三次，非常有效。另加牡蛎等分。（《外台》）
一切湿疮：蟾蜍烧灰，猪脂和敷。（《千金方》）
小儿癣疮：蟾蜍烧灰，猪脂和敷。（《外台方》）
癞风虫疮：干蛤蟆一两（炙），长肥皂一条（炙，去皮、子，蘸酒再炙）研为末，以竹管引入羊肠内，系定，以麸铺甑内，置药麸上蒸熟，入麝[香?]，酒服二十一丸。（《直指》）乱头发一鸡子大，猪油四[两?]，骨末糁四边，以前膏贴之。
发背肿毒未成者：用活蟾一个，系放疮上，半日蟾必昏愦，置水中如前法，其蟾必踉跄。再换一个，其蟾如旧，则毒散矣。屡验极效。若势重者，用活蟾一个（或二三个）破开，连肚乘热合疮上，不久必臭不可闻，再换二三次也。（《医林集要》）
肿毒初起：大蛤蟆一个剁碎，同炒锻石研如泥，敷之。频繁更换。（余居士方）
破伤风病：用蟾二两半，切[碎?]，少顷通身汗出，神效。
犬咬伤：《肘后方》：治疗[狂犬咬伤]。本人知之。自后再不发也。《袖珍》：治疗疯犬伤。即用蛤蟆后足捣烂，水调服之。先于顶心拔去血发三[根?]。
肠头挺出：蟾蜍皮一片，瓶内烧烟熏之，并敷之。
佩禳疟疾：五月五日收大蛤蟆，晒干。纸封，绛囊贮之，男[女?][佩戴?]。（《杨氏家藏方》）
折伤接骨：大蛤蟆生研如泥，劈竹裹缚其骨，自愈。（《奚囊备急方》）
大肠痔疾：蟾蜍一个，以砖砌四方，安于内，泥住，火[煅?]存性为末。以猪广肠一截，扎定两头，煮熟切碎，蘸蟾末食之。如此[数次?]头[愈?]。
【主治】功效同蟾蜍。
蟾酥（采治）
陈承说：眉间白汁，称为蟾酥。用油单纸包裹眉裂之处，酥出纸上，阴干后使用。
李时珍说：取蟾酥的方法不一：有的用手捏眉棱，取白汁于油纸上及桑叶上，插背阴处，一宿即自干白，安置竹筒内盛之，真的轻浮，入口味甜。有的将蒜及胡椒等辣物纳入口中，则蟾身白汁出，以竹篦刮下，面和成块，干之。其汁不可入人目，令人赤、肿、盲。或用紫草汁洗点，即消。
【气味】甘、辛，温，有毒。
【主治】小儿疳疾、脑疳（甄权说：端午日取眉脂，以朱砂、麝香为丸，如麻子大，治小孩子疳瘦，空腹服一丸。如脑疳，以奶汁调，滴鼻中，甚妙）。酥同牛酥，或吴茱萸苗汁调，摩腰眼、阴[户?]，少许按之，立止（陈承）。发[际?]。
【附方】新方十一首。
拔取疔黄：蟾蜍，以面丸梧子大。每用一丸安舌下，即黄出也。（《青囊杂纂》）
拔取疔毒：蟾酥，以白面、黄丹搜作剂，每丸麦粒大。以指爬动疮上插入。重[压?]之。仍以水澄膏贴之。（危氏方）
疔疮恶肿：蟾酥一钱，巴豆四[个?]，以蓄根、黄荆子研酒半碗服[?]。
诸疮肿硬：针头散：用蟾酥、麝香各一钱研匀，乳汁调和，入罐中待干。每用少许，津调敷之。外以膏药护住，毒瓦斯自出，不能[入里?]。
一切疮毒：蟾酥一钱，白面二钱，朱砂少许，井华水调成小锭子如麦大。每用一锭，井华水服。如疮势紧急，五七锭。葱汤亦可，汗出即愈。
喉痹乳蛾：等证：用癞蛤蟆眉酥，和草乌尖末、猪牙皂角末等分。丸小[豆?]丸，点患处，神效。（《活人心统》）
一切齿痛疳蚀、龋齿、瘀肿：用蚵 一枚，鞭其头背，以竹篦刮眉间，即有[汁]，许点之，即止也。（《类编》）
风虫牙痛不可忍：《圣惠》[方]，裹咬定，吐涎愈。一方：用胡[荽?]。忌热物，半日效。干者，以热汤化开。
破伤风病：蟾酥二钱，汤化为糊；干蝎（酒炒）、天麻各半两，为末，合捣，丸绿豆大。每服一丸至二丸，豆淋酒下。（《普济方》）
[Explanatory Names] Zhufozi (Bamboo Louse), Tianyanzi (Heavenly Abandoned Child).
[Collection and Explanation]
Li Shizhen stated: The Bamboo Louse grows on various bamboos and on plants. Initially, it appears like powder spots; after a long time, it becomes mobile, often clustering in groups of hundreds or dozens. It is large like a louse and grayish-blue. Some say it is generated by dampness and heat transformation, others say it comes from insect eggs. It was not used in ancient prescriptions. Only the *Gulou Shenshu* (Divine Book of Mount Gou) by Nangong Cong records: In Baqiong, Wu-Yue, and Jing-Chu regions, during spring and autumn, there are insects resembling lice inside bamboo that are grayish. Collected and dried in the shade, they can treat wind-stroke. This refers to this creature.
[Flavor and Toxicity] Toxic.
[Indications] Wind-stroke, hemiplegia; can penetrate meridians and collaterals, and expel phlegm-saliva (Li Shizhen).
[Attached Prescriptions] One new prescription.
For wind-stroke with hemiplegia and bi-syndrome: Use [text missing/corrupted], ensuring the affected area does not become pasty. Roast the Bamboo Louse into powder [apply internally or externally]. As the medicine acts, one may hear sounds like wind, vomit foul water, and sweat profusely with a foul odor. After several days, the limbs return to normal. (*Gulou Shenshu*)
(23 species of damp-born insects, 7 appended species)
[Explanatory Names] Cuqiu (sound), Chan Chu (Toad/Bufo).
Li Shizhen stated: The Toad is written as "Zhanzhu" in *Shuowen Jiezi*. It explains: Its sound is like "Zhanzhu," its skin is rough, and its movement is [slow/stiff]. The *Classic of Poetry* says: "Obtaining this Qishi." The commentary of *Han Shi* states: Qishi is the Toad. Qishi is pronounced Cu. Later generations called it Ku [something], due to its sound. Ke [something] refers to its skin.
[Collection and Explanation]
*Ben Cao Jing Jiu Yi* (Old Edition of the Divine Farmer's Materia Medica) states: The Toad lives in rivers, lakes, ponds, and marshes. On the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, capture those moving eastward, dry them in the shade for use.
Tao Hongjing stated: These are those with large bellies and bumpy skin. Their skin juice is highly toxic; if a dog bites it, the dog's mouth swells. On the fifth day of the fifth month, capture five east-moving ones, bind them backwards, and seal them in a dark room. Check them the next morning; take those that have freed themselves to make medicine, which can also help bound people free themselves.
Xiao Bing stated: Those with eight red characters under their belly and who draw lines on the ground with their feet are true Toads.
Su Song stated: They are found everywhere now. *Ben Cao Jing Jiu Yi* calls the Frog a Toad, considering them one species, which is incorrect. According to *Erya*: [Character], is the Toad. Guo Pu said: Similar to a frog but lives on land, moves very slowly, cannot jump, and does not croak. Frogs are mostly in ponds and marshes. They are smaller, have black spots on their skin, can jump to catch insects, and move very quickly. Although these two belong to the same category, their medicinal functions differ slightly and should be used separately. The feces of the Toad are called Tubinglang (Earth Areca Nut), often found in damp places, and can also treat diseases.
Chen Cheng stated: It is rumored that three-legged ones are Toads, so people make fake three-legged dried Toads to deceive the public. If soaked in water for half a day, the fraud is revealed, as there are no naturally three-legged Toads.
Li Shizhen stated: The Toad has a pointed head and a round belly, short eyebrows, and a muddy voice. It belongs to the Earth element; some are as large as a plate. *Ziran Lun* says: The Toad gives birth by vomiting feces from its mouth. *Baopuzi* says: A thousand-year-old Toad has horns on its head and red writing on its belly, named Rouzhi (Flesh Mushroom), capable of eating mountain spirits. Humans who eat it can [achieve longevity/immortality], which can be inferred here. Xu Shen's *Shuowen Jiezi* states that three-legged ones are Toads, and Kou Zongshi refutes this, which is correct. However, since turtles and tortoises also have three-legged varieties, a three-legged Toad is not strange. But insisting that only three-legged ones be used for medicine is wrong. The *Gulou Shenshu* records a method to obtain Toad Treasure: Take one large Toad, nail its four legs with four one-foot-long iron nails, and have a person swallow it whole to cross rivers and lakes. I believe that even if such a technique exists, who would dare to swallow it? This is a fraudulent claim by alchemists and is not worthy of deep belief. Recorded here casually to dispel doubts.
[Processing] *Shu Tujing* states: Capture on the fifth day of the fifth month, sun-dry or oven-dry for use. Another method: Remove skin and claws, soak in wine overnight, then process with natural [juice of Huangjing/Polygonatum].
Li Shizhen stated: People today capture them on Dragon Boat Festival day, air-dry them, seal them firmly with yellow mud, and use them retaining their original nature. *Yonglei Qianfang* states: Toads with red eyes and no eight-character pattern on the belly should not be used. Cui Shi's *Simin Yueling* states: Capture Toads on the fifth day of the fifth month to treat malignant sores. This refers to this. Some soak them in wine to extract the meat. Qian Zhongyang treated pediatric cold-heat gan-wasting diarrhea using Rusheng Wan, made from dried Toad boiled in wine into a paste pill, which is another method.
[Flavor and Toxicity] Pungent, cool, slightly toxic.
[Indications] Yin erosion, carbuncles, leprosy, malignant sores, dog bite wounds; can unite jade and stone (*Ben Cao Jing Jiu Yi*). Burned to ash and applied to sores, it works immediately. Also treats severe cases of warm disease with macules. Remove intestines [and organs].
Meng Shen stated: Pound and squeeze juice to drink, or burn to ash and take orally. Kills gan-worms, treats rat-fistula malignant sores. Burned to ash, applied to all sores caused by worms with itching and proliferation (*Yaoxing Lun*). Treats gan-qi, pediatric sallow complexion and pi-qi, breaks up masses. Burned [to ash] for emaciated gan-disease, it is best (Su Song).
[Elucidation] Li Shizhen stated: The Toad is the essence of Earth. It corresponds to the moon's soul and has a spiritual nature. It burrows in soil, eats insects, subdues mountain spirits, and controls centipedes; therefore, it enters the Yangming Meridian, clears deficiency heat, moves dampness, kills parasites, and is an essential herb for treating gan-diseases, carbuncles, and various sores. *Ben Cao Jing Jiu Yi* says "treats dog bites," and *Zhouhou Beiji Fang* also has methods. Checking Shen Yue's *Book of Song*, Zhang Mu was bitten by a dog, and someone suggested eating frog sashimi, after which he recovered. This aligns with treating carbuncles and furuncles; generally, this creature can attack and extract toxins. Ancient and modern prescriptions do not distinguish much between frogs and toads, mostly using Toads. Readers should use them carefully and not be confused by names.
[Attached Prescriptions] Eight old, seventeen new.
Cold mass in abdomen: Food and water stagnation, phlegm retention in the epigastrium, fullness in both hypochondria, rumbling upon pressure, hindering diet. One large Toad, remove skin and intestines, dissect. Mangxiao (Mirabilite): Strong persons 1 sheng, medium persons 7 ge, weak persons 5 ge. Add 7 sheng of water, boil to 4 sheng, take in one dose. Stop when bowel movement occurs. (*Zhouhou Beiji Fang*)
Pediatric Gan-Ji: Treat pediatric Gan-Ji with abdominal distension, sallow emaciation, and head sores like wheat ears. Take a large frog after Start of Autumn, remove head, feet, and intestines, coat with clear oil, roast on yin-yang tiles until cooked, and consume. Accumulated filth will descend naturally. Consume 5-6 consecutively; after one month, appearance changes miraculously.
Five Gans and Eight Dysenteries: Sallow face, emaciated muscles, craving dirt, loss of appetite for milk/food. One large dried Toad (burned to retain nature), 1 qian of Zaojiao (soap pod, remove skin and seeds, burned to retain nature), 3 qian of Ge Fen (clam powder, water-classified), 1 qian of Shexiang (Musk). Grind to powder, make pills with paste the size of millet seeds. Take 30-40 pills on an empty stomach with rice water, twice daily. Named Wugan Baotong Wan. (*Quanying Fang*)
Pediatric Gan-Diarrhea and Dysentery: Burn frog to retain nature, grind to powder, take with water, one cunbi dose. (*Zimu Milu*)
Zouma Yangan (Racing Horse Gum Disease), eroding mouth and nose: Gan Ke (dried Toad, wrapped in yellow mud and calcined), Huanglian (Coptis Rhizoma), each 2.5 qian; Qingdai (Indigo Naturalis), 1 qian. Grind to powder, add a little Shexiang (Musk), mix, and apply. (*Zhengshi Xia'er Fang*)
Gan-Erosion of Cheek and Perforation: Jinbian San: Treats gan-sores, cheek perforation, and tooth loss. Wrap a live ground beetle in soft white membrane from a hatching egg, place inside a large frog's mouth, bind with grass and seal with mud, calcine, remove, grind to powder, and apply until healed. (*Puji Fang*)
Pediatric Mouth Ulcers: Roast frog captured on the fifth day of the fifth month, grind to powder, apply, heals immediately. (*Milu*)
All Gan Diseases: Wherever located, can treat them. Burn frog to ash, mix with vinegar, apply 3-5 times daily. (*Meishi Fang*)
Yin Erosion Almost Complete: Equal parts frog ash and rabbit feces, grind to powder, apply. (*Zhouhou Beiji Fang*)
Lunar Eclipse Ear Sores: Frog captured on the fifth day of the fifth month, burned to ash, mixed with pig fat, apply. (*Waitai Fang*)
Pediatric Postpartum Sores: Capture Toad on the fifth day of the fifth month, roast, grind to powder, apply, heals immediately. (*Milu*)
Pediatric Umbilical Sores with Discharge, Chronic: Burn frog to ash, apply, three times daily, very effective. Alternatively, add equal parts Musli (Ostrea Shell). (*Waitai*)
All Damp Sores: Burn Toad to ash, mix with pig fat, apply. (*Qianjin Fang*)
Pediatric Tinea: Burn Toad to ash, mix with pig fat, apply. (*Waitai Fang*)
Lai Feng Chong Chuang (Leprous Worm Sores): 1 liang of dried frog (roasted), 1 strip of Chang Feizao (long soap fruit, roasted, remove skin and seeds, dip in wine and roast again). Grind to powder. Insert into sheep intestine via bamboo tube, tie securely. Place bran in steamer, put medicine on bran, steam until cooked. Add Shexiang [Musk], take 21 pills with wine. (*Zhizhi*) ... Hair the size of a chicken egg, 4 [taels] of pig oil, bone powder sprinkled on edges, apply previous ointment.
Back Carbuncle Swelling Not Yet Suppurated: Tie one live Toad onto the sore. After half a day, the Toad will become lethargic. Place it in water as before; it will stagger. Replace with another; if the Toad remains normal, the toxin has dispersed. Highly effective. For severe cases, split open one (or 2-3) live Toads, press the warm belly onto the sore. It will soon smell unbearable. Replace 2-3 times. (*Yilin Jiyao*)
Initial Swelling and Toxicity: Chop one large frog into pieces, stir-fry with Duanshi (Calcined Alumen), grind into paste, apply. Change frequently. (Yu Jushi Fang)
Strychnism (Poison Injury Wind): Use 2.5 liang of Toad, cut [up]. Soon, sweat will flow from the whole body, miraculous effect.
Dog Bite: *Zhouhou Beiji Fang*: Treats [mad dog bites]. The author knows this. It will not recur. *Xiuzhen*: Treats mad dog bites. Pound frog hind legs into paste, mix with water, take orally. First, pull out three bloody hairs from the crown.
Intestinal Prolapse: Burn smoke from one piece of Toad skin in a bottle, fumigate and apply.
Wearing Away Malaria: Collect large frogs on the fifth day of the fifth month, sun-dry. Seal in paper, store in crimson pouch, [wear for protection]. (*Yangshi Jiacang Fang*)
Fractures and Bone Setting: Pound fresh large frog into paste, wrap around broken bone with split bamboo, self-heals. (*Xinang Beijifang*)
Large Intestine Hemorrhoids: One Toad, build a square brick enclosure, place inside, seal with mud, fire-calcine to retain nature, grind to powder. Take one section of pig large intestine, tie both ends, boil, chop, dip in Toad powder, and eat. Do this [several times]... Head [cured].
[Indications] Functions same as Toad.
Chan Su (Toad Venom)
[Collection and Processing]
Chen Cheng stated: White juice from between the eyebrows is called Chan Su. Wrap the eyebrow fissure with oil-paper; the juice exudes onto the paper. Dry in shade for use.
Li Shizhen stated: Methods to collect Chan Su vary: Pinch the brow ridge to extract white juice onto oil-paper or mulberry leaves, place in shade; it dries white overnight. Store in bamboo tubes. Genuine Chan Su is light and sweet-tasting. Alternatively, place garlic, pepper, or other spicy substances in the mouth to induce secretion of white juice from the Toad's body. Scrape down with a bamboo comb, mix with flour to form blocks, and dry. The juice must not enter the eyes, as it causes redness, swelling, and blindness. Wash with purple gromwell juice to dissipate.
[Flavor and Toxicity] Sweet, pungent, warm, toxic.
[Indications] Pediatric gan-disease, brain gan (Zhen Quan stated: Collect eyebrow grease on the fifth day of the fifth month, mix with Zhusha (Cinnabar) and Shexiang (Musk), make pills the size of hemp seeds. Take one pill on an empty stomach for pediatric emaciation. For brain gan, mix with milk juice and drip into the nose, very excellent). Mix Chan Su with beef suet or juice of Evodia seedlings, rub on waist eyes and [genitals]. Press lightly, stops immediately (Chen Cheng). Hair [line].
[Attached Prescriptions] Eleven new.
Extract Ding Yellow: Make Toad into pills the size of wuizi (walnut seeds) with flour. Place one pill under the tongue, yellow substance will discharge. (*Qingnang Zazuan*)
Extract Ding Toxicity: Mix Chan Su with white flour and Huangdan (Red Lead) into a dough. Make pills the size of wheat grains. Insert into the sore with a finger. Press heavily. Cover with water-purified ointment. (Wei Shi Fang)
Carbuncle and Malignant Swelling: 1 qian Chan Su, 4 [Badi beans?], [take with] Xugen (Agrimonia Root) and Huangjingzi (Vitex Fruit) ground in wine, half bowl. (*Text corrupted*)
All Hard Swellings: Zhentou San: Mix 1 qian Chan Su and 1 qian Musk evenly, blend with milk, dry in a jar. Take a little, moisten with saliva, apply. Cover with plaster externally so toxins exit naturally. (*Text corrupted*)
All Sores and Toxins: 1 qian Chan Su, 2 qian white flour, a little Zhusha (Cinnabar). Mix with well-water into small pellets the size of wheat. Take one pellet with well-water. For urgent cases, take 5-7 pellets. Onion soup is also acceptable; heal when sweating.
Throat Bi and Tonsillitis: For such conditions: Mix Lai Han Ma Mei Su (Toad Eyebrow Juice) with Caowu Jian (Aconite Tip Powder) and Zhuya Zaojiao (Pig Tooth Soap Pod Powder) in equal parts. Make small [bean-sized] pills, apply to affected area, miraculous effect. (*Huoren Xintong*)
All Toothaches, Gan Erosion, Caries, Stasis Swelling: Take one Ke [Toad/Frog], whip its head and back, scrape between eyebrows with a bamboo comb. There will be [juice], apply a little, stops immediately. (*Leibian*)
Unbearable Wind-Worm Toothache: *Shenghui* [Formula], wrap and bite, spit saliva to heal. Another formula: Use Hu [Coriander?]. Avoid hot food, effective in half a day. Dry form, dissolve in hot water.
Strychnism: 2 qian Chan Su, dissolve in water into paste; 0.5 liang each of Ganxie (Dried Scorpion, wine-fried) and Tianma (Gastrodia Rhizoma). Grind to powder, mix and pound, make pills the size of mung beans. Take 1-2 pills with Doulin Wine. (*Puji Fang*)