《灵枢·顺气一日分为四时篇》帝曰∶百病之始生，必起于燥湿、寒暑、风雨、阴阳、喜怒、饮食、居处，
气合而有形，得藏而有名。多以旦慧昼安，夕加夜甚，何也？岐伯曰∶四时之气其然。春生夏长，秋收冬藏，
是气之常也，人亦应之。以一日分为四时，朝则为春，日中为夏，日入为秋，夜半为冬。朝则人气始生，病气
衰，故旦慧；日中人气长，长则胜邪，故安；夕则人气始衰，邪气始生，故加；夜半人气入脏，邪气独居于身，
故甚也。
百病莫不由外感六气、内伤七情而起，邪与正气相角相合而有病形，邪得藏处而立病名。多以旦慧昼安，
夕加夜甚者，良以一日一夜十二时，人身元气升降出入，合乎一岁十二月之气化，故人身气旺之时，则邪负正
胜而病轻安；气衰之时，则邪胜正负而病加甚也。
帝曰∶其时有反者，何也？岐伯曰∶是不应四时之气，脏独主其病者，是必以脏气之所不胜时者甚，以气
所胜时者起也。帝曰∶治之奈何？岐伯曰∶顺天之时，而病可与期。顺者为工，逆者为粗。
此言病有旦重夜轻，与上条所云相反者，因其不应四时之气候，而五脏自主其病也。盖人身元气流行，
无不应天时之气候，而有不应者，其脏气先有偏倾乖逆之病以为主也。故遇脏气不胜时气之时则病甚，如肝木
病遇庚申辛酉，金克木，其病甚也；遇脏气所胜之时则病起，如遇甲寅乙卯，木气胜，其病起也。余可
例推矣。故治之必当顺天时气化之理，随宜补泻而调之。其病之能愈不愈，可与定期也。知顺天时之理者为良
工，逆者为粗工矣。
《素问·玉机真脏论》帝曰∶风者百病之长也。今风寒客于人，使人毫毛毕直，皮肤闭而为热，当是之
时，可汗而发也，或痹不仁肿痛，当是之时，可汤熨及火灸刺而去之；弗治，病入舍于肺，名曰肺痹，发咳上
气；弗治，肺即传而行之肝，病名曰肝痹，一名曰厥，胁痛出食，当是之时，可按若刺耳；弗治，肝传之脾，
病名曰脾风，发瘅，腹中热，烦心，出黄，当此之时，可按可药可浴；弗治，脾传之肾，病名曰疝瘕，少腹冤
热而痛，出白，一名曰蛊，当此之时，可按可药；弗治，肾传之心，病筋脉相引而急，病名曰螈，当此之
时，可灸可药；弗治，满十日，法当死。肾因传之心，心即复反传而行之肺，发寒热，法当三岁死，此病之次也。
风由阳气所化，性动而走泄，凡诸邪伤人，必由于风，故为百病之长，又曰善行而数变也。风寒初伤皮毛
而弗治，以致渐入渐深而传肺，以成肺痹，发咳，上气；传肝，成肝痹，胁痛，出食，以肝脉行胁入胃，胃气
逆而食反出也；传脾，成脾风，发瘅，以脾为湿土，瘅者，湿郁成热也，邪热蕴结，腹热烦心，便出黄秽，以
心脾气通，邪热由小肠而出也；传肾，成疝瘕，仍连于肝，故少腹冤热而痛，冤者，呻吟难忍也，小便出白，
如淋浊之类，由肾不能藏精也；传心，而筋脉相引，紧急抽搐成螈，以心主血脉也。其邪皆传于所胜，为贼邪，
而又传遍五脏，弗急治之，而再延十日，则死。若肾邪传心，而心气强，复传于肺，肺
主皮毛，其邪出于营卫，则发寒热，然其久传之邪，与气血胶结，如油入面，不能解除，拖延三年，元气败竭
则死。此病邪相传之次第也。
《灵枢·顺气一日分为四时篇》黄帝问道：各种疾病的发生，必定起始于燥湿、寒暑、风雨、阴阳失调、情绪波动（喜怒）、饮食不节以及居住环境不当。邪气与人体正气相合而形成具体的病形，病邪潜伏于脏腑之中从而确立病名。大多数疾病表现为早晨清醒、白天安宁、傍晚加重、夜间剧烈，这是为什么呢？岐伯回答说：这是因为四季气候变化的规律如此。春天生发，夏天生长，秋天收敛，冬天闭藏，这是气的常规变化，人体也顺应这一规律。将一天划分为四个时段，早晨相当于春季，中午相当于夏季，日落相当于秋季，半夜相当于冬季。早晨人体阳气开始生发，病邪之气衰退，所以早晨病情缓解；中午人体阳气旺盛，旺盛则战胜邪气，所以病情安宁；傍晚人体阳气开始衰退，邪气开始滋生，所以病情加重；半夜人体阳气内入脏腑，邪气独自占据身体，所以病情最重。
各种疾病没有不是由外感六淫（风、寒、暑、湿、燥、火）和内伤七情（喜、怒、忧、思、悲、恐、惊）引起的，邪气与正气相互抗争、结合而形成病状，邪气在脏腑中停留而确立病名。之所以大多表现为早晨清醒、白天安宁、傍晚加重、夜间剧烈，确实是因为一昼夜有十二个时辰，人体元气的升降出入，符合一年十二个月的气化规律，所以当人体正气旺盛的时候，邪气败退、正气占优，病情就轻浅安宁；当正气衰弱的时候，邪气占优、正气败退，病情就加重剧烈。
黄帝问道：有些时候情况相反，是什么原因呢？岐伯回答说：这是因为不符合四时气候的变化规律，而是由五脏自身主导病变的，这必定是在脏气被时令之气所克制的情况下病情加重，在脏气克制时令之气的情况下病情好转。黄帝问道：如何治疗呢？岐伯回答说：顺应天时，疾病就可以预测其预后。顺应规律的医生是高明工匠，违背规律的医生是粗劣工匠。
这里所说的病情早晨重晚上轻，与上一条所述的情况相反，是因为患者不符合四时气候的一般规律，而是五脏自主决定病变的性质。大概人体的元气流行，无不顺应天时气候，而有例外情况的，是因为五脏之气先有偏颇倾斜、乖违逆乱的基础病变作为主导。所以遇到脏气不胜时气（即脏气被时气克制）的时候病情加重，比如肝木病遇到庚申辛酉日，金克木，病情就会加重；遇到脏气所胜（即脏气克制时气）的时候病情好转，比如遇到甲寅乙卯日，木气旺盛，病情就会好转。其余情况可以以此类推。所以治疗必须顺应天时气化之理，根据具体情况采用补泻方法进行调整。疾病的痊愈与否，是可以预测时间的。懂得顺应天时之理的医生是良医，违背的是粗工。
《素问·玉机真脏论》黄帝问道：风邪是百病的先导。现在风寒邪气侵袭人体，使人毫毛竖立，皮肤毛孔闭塞而导致发热，在这个时候，可以用发汗的方法治疗；或者出现痹证导致麻木不仁、肿痛，在这个时候，可以用热敷和艾灸针刺来祛除；如果不治疗，病邪传入肺脏，称为肺痹，引发咳嗽、气逆上冲；如果不治疗，肺邪进而传行至肝脏，病名叫做肝痹，又叫做厥，症状为胁肋疼痛、呕吐食物，在这个时候，可以用按摩或针刺耳朵的方法治疗；如果不治疗，肝邪传至脾脏，病名叫做脾风，引发黄疸，腹中发热，心烦，排出黄色小便，在这个时候，可以用按摩、药物或药浴治疗；如果不治疗，脾邪传至肾脏，病名叫做疝瘕，小腹部冤屈发热且疼痛，排出白色分泌物，又叫做蛊病，在这个时候，可以用按摩或药物治疗；如果不治疗，肾邪传至心脏，导致筋脉相互牵引而拘急，病名叫做抽搐（螈），在这个时候，可以用艾灸或药物治疗；如果不治疗，满十天，按照规律应当死亡。肾邪因传至心脏，心脏又将邪气反传回肺脏，引发恶寒发热，按照规律应当三年后死亡，这是疾病传变的次序。
风由阳气所化生，性质主动且走泄，凡是各种邪气伤人，必定通过风邪进入，所以风被称为百病之长，又说它善于行走且变化多端。风寒初伤皮毛而不治疗，导致逐渐深入而传变至肺，形成肺痹，引发咳嗽、气逆上冲；传至肝脏，形成肝痹，胁痛、呕吐食物，因为肝经脉络行于胁肋并入胃，胃气上逆导致食物反出；传至脾脏，形成脾风，引发黄疸，因为脾属湿土，黄疸是由于湿气郁结化热所致，邪热蕴结，导致腹热心烦，大便排出黄秽之物，因为心脾之气相通，邪热从小肠排出；传至肾脏，形成疝瘕，仍然牵连肝脏，所以小腹部冤屈发热且疼痛，“冤”字意为呻吟难忍，小便排出白色分泌物，如同淋证浊尿之类，这是由于肾脏不能固藏精气所致；传至心脏，导致筋脉相互牵引，紧急抽搐形成抽搐，因为心主血脉。这些邪气都传至其所克制的脏器，称为贼邪，并且传遍五脏，如果不紧急治疗，再拖延十天，就会死亡。如果肾邪传至心脏，而心气强盛，又传回肺脏，肺主皮毛，邪气出于营卫之间，就会引发恶寒发热，然而这种久传之邪，与气血胶结在一起，如同油混入面粉，无法解除，拖延三年，元气败竭就会死亡。这就是病邪相传的次第。
In the chapter "Dividing One Day into Four Seasons" of *Ling Shu* (Spiritual Pivot), the Yellow Emperor asked: The onset of all diseases must originate from dryness and dampness, cold and heat, wind and rain, yin and yang imbalance, excessive emotions (joy and anger), improper diet, and unsuitable living environment. When pathogenic qi combines with healthy qi, a specific pathological form arises; when pathogens lodge in the zang-fu organs, disease names are established. Most diseases manifest as being lucid in the morning, peaceful during the day, aggravated in the evening, and severe at night. Why is this? Qibo replied: This corresponds to the pattern of seasonal qi. Spring generates, summer grows, autumn harvests, and winter stores. This is the normal cycle of qi, and the human body also responds to it. Dividing one day into four seasons, morning corresponds to spring, midday to summer, sunset to autumn, and midnight to winter. In the morning, healthy qi begins to generate, and pathogenic qi declines, so the patient feels better in the morning; at midday, healthy qi grows strong; when strong, it overcomes evil, so the patient feels peaceful; in the evening, healthy qi begins to decline, and pathogenic qi begins to arise, so symptoms worsen; at midnight, healthy qi enters the zang organs, and pathogenic qi dwells alone in the body, so symptoms are most severe.
All diseases arise either from external invasion by the Six Evils (Wind, Cold, Summer-heat, Dampness, Dryness, Fire) or internal injury by the Seven Emotions (Joy, Anger, Worry, Thought, Sorrow, Fear, Fright). Pathogens interact with healthy qi to form disease manifestations, and the location where pathogens lodge determines the disease name. The reason why most cases show improvement in the morning and peace during the day, but worsening in the evening and severity at night, is that the twelve double-hours of a day correspond to the qi transformation of the twelve months of a year. When the body's yuan qi (Original Qi) is prosperous, evil is defeated and healthy qi prevails, resulting in mild and peaceful symptoms; when qi declines, evil prevails and healthy qi is defeated, leading to aggravated and severe symptoms.
The Yellow Emperor asked: What causes some cases to be contrary to this pattern? Qibo answered: This occurs when the condition does not follow the seasonal qi patterns, but is instead dominated by the independent pathology of the Zang organs. In such cases, symptoms become severe when the organ qi is overcome by the seasonal qi, and improve when the organ qi overcomes the seasonal qi. The Yellow Emperor asked: How should this be treated? Qibo answered: By following the timing of heaven, the prognosis of the disease can be predicted. Those who follow these principles are skilled physicians; those who go against them are crude practitioners.
This statement refers to conditions where symptoms are heavy in the morning and light at night, which contradicts the previous section. This happens because the patient does not conform to the general seasonal climate laws, and the five Zang organs independently dictate the disease nature. Generally, the flow of human yuan qi responds to seasonal climates, but exceptions occur when there is a pre-existing predisposition of deviation or rebellion in the organ qi. Therefore, when encountering times when the organ qi cannot withstand the seasonal qi (i.e., the seasonal qi overcomes the organ qi), the disease worsens. For example, if Liver Wood disease encounters Geng-Shen or Xin-You days (Metal overcomes Wood), the disease worsens. Conversely, when encountering times when the organ qi overcomes the seasonal qi, the disease improves. For instance, on Jia-Yin or Yi-Mao days (Wood qi is prosperous), the disease improves. Other cases can be deduced similarly. Therefore, treatment must follow the principles of seasonal qi transformation, adjusting through appropriate tonification and sedation methods. Whether the disease will heal or not can be predicted. Physicians who understand the principle of following seasonal timing are good doctors; those who violate it are crude workers.
In the chapter "Jade Machine and True Viscera Theory" of *Su Wen* (Basic Questions), the Yellow Emperor asked: Wind is the leader of all diseases. Now, when wind-cold invades humans, causing all hair to stand erect and skin pores to close, resulting in fever, at this time, sweating therapy should be used. If bi-syndrome (Obstruction Syndrome) occurs with numbness, pain, and swelling, at this time, hot compresses, moxibustion, and acupuncture should be used to remove the pathogen. If untreated, the disease enters the Lung, named Lung Bi (Lung Obstruction), causing cough and rebellious qi; if untreated, the Lung transmits to the Liver, named Liver Bi (Liver Obstruction) or Jue (Reversal), with symptoms of hypochondriac pain and vomiting food; at this time, massage or ear acupuncture may be used. If untreated, the Liver transmits to the Spleen, named Spleen Wind (Spleen Feng), causing jaundice, abdominal heat, vexation, and yellow urine; at this time, massage, herbs, or baths may be used. If untreated, the Spleen transmits to the Kidney, named Shan-Jia (Hernia and Mass), with lower abdominal burning pain and white discharge, also known as Gu (Gu Disease); at this time, massage or herbs may be used. If untreated, the Kidney transmits to the Heart, causing tendons and vessels to pull and spasm, named Chou (Convulsion); at this time, moxibustion or herbs may be used. If untreated, after ten days, death is expected according to the pattern. If Kidney evil transmits to the Heart, and the Heart reverses it back to the Lung, causing chills and fever, death is expected after three years. This is the sequence of disease transmission.
Wind is transformed from Yang Qi; its nature is active and dispersing. All pathogens harming humans must enter via Wind, hence Wind is called the leader of all diseases, and it is said to move swiftly and change frequently. If initial wind-cold damaging the skin and hair is not treated, it gradually deepens and transmits to the Lung, forming Lung Bi, causing cough and rebellious qi; transmitting to the Liver, it forms Liver Bi, causing hypochondriac pain and vomiting, because the Liver meridian runs along the hypochondrium and enters the Stomach, causing Stomach Qi to rebel and food to be vomited; transmitting to the Spleen, it forms Spleen Wind, causing jaundice, because the Spleen belongs to Wet Earth, and jaundice results from dampness stagnating and transforming into heat; pathogenic heat accumulates, causing abdominal heat and vexation, with yellow turbid stool excreted, as Heart and Spleen Qi connect, allowing pathogenic heat to exit via the Small Intestine; transmitting to the Kidney, it forms Shan-Jia, still connecting to the Liver, causing lower abdominal burning pain ("Yuan" means unbearable groaning), and white urinary discharge similar to strangury, due to the Kidney's failure to store essence; transmitting to the Heart, it causes tendons and vessels to pull and spasm into convulsions, because the Heart governs blood vessels. These pathogens transmit to the organs they overcome, termed Thief Evil, and circulate through all five Zang organs. If not urgently treated, and delayed for another ten days, death ensues. If Kidney evil transmits to the Heart, and Heart Qi is strong, reversing it to the Lung, where the Lung governs skin and hair, and the evil exits via Ying and Wei (Nutritive and Defensive Qi), causing chills and fever. However, this long-transmitted evil becomes knotted with Qi and Blood, like oil mixed into flour, unable to resolve. After dragging on for three years, Yuan Qi fails and exhaustion leads to death. This is the sequence of pathogenic transmission.