巢氏曰凡眼内 头忽结成 三五日间便生浓汁世呼为偷针此由热气客在 间热搏于津液
所成但其势轻者小小结聚汁溃热歇乃瘥
谨按世传眼 初生小 视其背上即有细红点如疮以针刺破眼时即瘥故名偷针实解太阳经
结热也人每试之有验然巢氏但具所因而不更分经络其诸名实所遇者多矣
局方密蒙花散治风气攻注两眼昏暗眵泪羞明并暴赤肿
羌活 白蒺藜(炒) 木贼 密蒙花 石决明(各一两) 菊花(二两)
上为末每服二钱茶清食后调下
三因羌活散治风毒上攻眼目昏涩翳膜生疮及偏正头疼目小黑花累累者
羌活 川芎 天麻 青皮 旋复花 南星(炮) 本(各一两)
上为末每服二钱水煎入姜三片薄荷七叶
按以上并足太阳厥阴药也
东垣明目细辛汤治两目发赤微痛羞明畏日怯风寒怕火眼睫成纽眵糊多瘾涩而难开眉攒肿
闷鼻塞涕唾稠粘大便秘涩
麻黄 羌活(各三钱) 防风(二钱) 本 白茯苓 当归尾(各一钱) 川芎 细辛 蔓
荆子
(各半钱) 荆芥穗(一钱半) 生地黄(一钱酒制) 椒(八个) 桃仁(二十个) 红花(少许)
上 咀分作四服每服水煎食后热服
按此足太阳厥阴手少阴药也
机要四物龙胆汤治目赤暴发云翳疼痛不可忍
四物汤(各半两) 羌活 防风(各三钱) 防己 龙胆草(各二钱)
上 咀作数服水煎
按此足厥阴太阴太阳药也
防风饮子治拳毛倒睫
黄 甘草 人参(各一钱) 葛根(半钱) 防风 细辛叶 蔓荆子(各半钱) 当归(七
分半)
上 咀作一服水煎食后服
按此足太阳阳明手足太阴药也
巢元方说:凡是眼睛内部突然结成小疙瘩,三五天内就会生出脓汁,世人称之为“偷针”。这是由于热气客居在眼部之间,热邪搏结于津液所形成。但是病情轻的,只是轻微结聚,脓汁溃破、热势消退后就会痊愈。
谨按:世间流传的说法是,眼睛初生小疙瘩时,观察其背部就有细小的红点像疮一样,用针刺破这些红点,眼疾随即痊愈,所以名叫“偷针”。这实际上是解除了太阳经(足太阳膀胱经)的结热。人们经常尝试这种方法,确实有效。然而巢元方只说明了病因,没有进一步区分经络。至于各种名称和实际情况,遇到的情况很多了。
《局方》密蒙花散:治疗风气攻注导致两眼昏暗、眼屎多、流泪、怕光以及突发红肿。
药材:羌活、白蒺藜(炒)、木贼、密蒙花、石决明(各一两)、菊花(二两)。
制法与用法:以上药物研为细末,每次服用二钱,用茶清在饭后调服。
《三因方》羌活散:治疗风毒上攻导致眼目昏涩、生翳膜、长疮,以及偏头痛或正头痛、眼前出现小黑花连连不断的情况。
药材:羌活、川芎、天麻、青皮、旋复花、南星(炮制)、藁本(各一两)。
制法与用法:以上药物研为细末,每次服用二钱,用水煎煮,加入生姜三片、薄荷七叶。
按语:以上两方都是针对足太阳经和足厥阴肝经的药物。
李东垣的明目细辛汤:治疗双眼发红微痛、怕光畏日、怯风寒、怕火、眼睑睫毛纠结成团、眼屎糊多、眼痒涩难以睁开、眉头肿胀闷痛、鼻塞、鼻涕唾液稠粘、大便秘结涩滞。
药材:麻黄、羌活(各三钱)、防风(二钱)、藁本、白茯苓、当归尾(各一钱)、川芎、细辛、蔓荆子(各半钱)、荆芥穗(一钱半)、生地黄(一钱,酒制)、花椒(八个)、桃仁(二十个)、红花(少许)。
制法与用法:以上药物切碎,分为四服,每服用冷水煎煮,饭后热服。
按语:此方是针对足太阳经、足厥阴肝经和手少阴心经的药物。
《机要》四物龙胆汤:治疗目赤暴发、云翳、疼痛不可忍受。
药材:四物汤(各半两)、羌活、防风(各三钱)、防己、龙胆草(各二钱)。
制法与用法:以上药物切碎,分成数服,用水煎煮。
按语:此方是针对足厥阴肝经、足太阴脾经和足太阳膀胱经的药物。
防风饮子:治疗倒睫拳毛(睫毛向内卷曲刺入眼球)。
药材:黄芪、甘草、人参(各一钱)、葛根(半钱)、防风、细辛叶、蔓荆子(各半钱)、当归(七分半)。
制法与用法:以上药物切碎,作一服,用水煎煮,饭后服用。
按语:此方是针对足太阳膀胱经、足阳明胃经、手太阴肺经和足太阴脾经的药物。
Chao Yuanfang stated: Whenever a small nodule suddenly forms inside the eye, and pus is produced within three to five days, it is commonly called "Stealing Needle" (Tou Zhen). This is caused by heat qi lodging between the eyes, where heat pathogens bind with body fluids. However, in mild cases, there is only slight aggregation; once the pus ruptures and the heat subsides, the condition resolves.
According to records: It is said that when a small nodule first appears in the eye, one should observe the patient's back, where fine red spots resembling sores may be found. Pricking these spots with a needle cures the eye disease immediately, hence the name "Stealing Needle." This actually resolves the accumulated heat in the Foot-Taiyang Bladder Channel. Many people have tried this method with success. However, Chao Yuanfang only described the etiology without further differentiating the channels. There are numerous variations in names and clinical presentations encountered in practice.
Jufang Mimenghua San (Mimosa Flower Powder from the Bureau of Formulas): Treats wind pathogen attacking and penetrating both eyes, causing dim vision, excessive discharge and tearing, photophobia, and sudden redness and swelling.
Ingredients: Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix), Baijili (Tribuli Fructus, stir-fried), Muzei (Equiseti Herba), Mimenghua (Glochidionis Flos), Shijueming (Haliotidis Concha) (each 1 liang), Juhua (Chrysanthemi Flos) (2 liang).
Preparation and Administration: Grind the above ingredients into powder. Take 2 qian per dose, mixed with tea infusion after meals.
San Yin Fang Qianghuo San (Qianghuo Powder from the Three Causes): Treats wind-toxin attacking upward, causing dim and dry eyes, formation of corneal opacities (Yi Mo), sores, as well as lateral or frontal headaches and continuous appearance of black spots in vision.
Ingredients: Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix), Chuanxiong (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma), Tianma (Gastrodiae Rhizoma), Qingpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride), Xuanjinhua (Inulae Flos), Nanting (Arisaematis Tuber, processed), Gaoben (Ligustici Wallichii Rhizoma et Radix) (each 1 liang).
Preparation and Administration: Grind the above ingredients into powder. Take 2 qian per dose, decocted in water with 3 slices of fresh ginger and 7 leaves of Bohe (Menthae Haplocalycis Herba).
Note: The above two formulas act on the Foot-Taiyang Bladder Channel and Foot-Jueyin Liver Channel.
Li Dongyuan's Mingmu Xixin Tang (Eye-Brightening Asarum Decoction): Treats redness and slight pain in both eyes, photophobia, aversion to cold and wind, fear of fire, entangled eyelashes, excessive sticky discharge, itching and dryness making it difficult to open the eyes, swelling and stuffiness at the brow, nasal congestion, thick sputum and nasal discharge, and constipation with difficulty in defecation.
Ingredients: Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba), Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix) (each 3 qian), Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix) (2 qian), Gaoben (Ligustici Wallichii Rhizoma et Radix), Baifuling (Poria), Dangguiwei (Angelicae Sinensis Radix, tail end) (each 1 qian), Chuanxiong (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma), Xixin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma), Manjingzi (Viticis Fructus) (each half qian), Jingjisui (Schizonepetae Spica) (1.5 qian), Shengdihuang (Rehmanniae Radix, prepared with wine, 1 qian), Huajiao (Zanthoxyli Pericarpium) (8 grains), Taoren (Persicae Semen) (20 kernels), Honghua (Carthami Flos) (a small amount).
Preparation and Administration: Cut the ingredients into pieces, divide into four doses. Decoct each dose in water and take hot after meals.
Note: This formula acts on the Foot-Taiyang Bladder Channel, Foot-Jueyin Liver Channel, and Hand-Shaoyin Heart Channel.
Jiyao Siwu Longdan Tang (Four Substances Gentian Decoction from Essentials): Treats sudden onset of red eyes, corneal opacities, and unbearable pain.
Ingredients: Siwu Tang (Four Substances Decoction) (each half liang), Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix), Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix) (each 3 qian), Fangji (Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix), Longdancao (Gentianae Radix et Rhizoma) (each 2 qian).
Preparation and Administration: Cut the ingredients into pieces, divide into several doses, and decoct in water.
Note: This formula acts on the Foot-Jueyin Liver Channel, Foot-Taiyin Spleen Channel, and Foot-Taiyang Bladder Channel.
Fangfeng Yinzi (Saposhnikovia Drink): Treats trichiasis and entropion (curled eyelashes piercing the eyeball).
Ingredients: Huangqi (Astragali Radix), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), Renshen (Ginseng Radix) (each 1 qian), Gegen (Puerariae Lobatae Radix) (half qian), Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix), Xixin Ye (Asari Folium), Manjingzi (Viticis Fructus) (each half qian), Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix) (0.75 qian).
Preparation and Administration: Cut the ingredients into pieces, prepare as one dose, decoct in water, and take after meals.
Note: This formula acts on the Foot-Taiyang Bladder Channel, Foot-Yangming Stomach Channel, Hand-Taiyin Lung Channel, and Foot-Taiyin Spleen Channel.