金匮方论曰热在上焦者因咳为肺痿得之或从汗出或从呕吐或从消渴小便利数或从便难又
被快
药下利重亡津液故寸口脉数其人咳口中反有浊唾涎沫者为肺痿之病若口中辟辟燥咳即胸中隐
隐痛脉反滑数此为肺痈咳唾脓血脉数虚者为肺痿数实者为肺痈
按此言肺痿属热如咳久肺瘪声哑声嘶咯血此属阴虚火热甚是也本论治肺痿吐涎沫而不
咳者
其人不渴必遗尿小便数以上虚不能制下故也此为肺中冷必眩多涎唾用炙甘草干姜此属寒也肺
痿涎唾多心中温液温液者用炙甘草汤此补虚劳也亦与补阴虚火热不同是皆宜分治故肺痿又有
寒热之异也
局方消风百解散治咳嗽声重身热头疼
按此手太阴阳明药也
金沸草散治咳因感风寒头痛声重(方并见伤风门)
按此手足太阴药也
败毒散治痰嗽身热鼻塞
柴胡 前胡 羌活 独活 桔梗 枳壳 茯苓 甘草 人参 川芎(各等分)
上咀水煎每一两或半两
按此足太阳少阳手太阴药也
子和搜风丸(方见中风门)
按此手足太阴阳明足太阳药也
按以上诸方并出太阳解表例但此丸下湿热痰之剂也实亦汗下之异
小青龙汤治感风寒表不解而咳心下有水气或喘(方见痰饮门)
金匮方治咳而脉浮去芍加浓朴杏仁石膏小麦简易九宝汤治咳而身热发喘恶寒
麻黄 薄荷 陈皮 桂心 紫苏 杏仁 甘草 桑白皮 大腹皮(各等分)
上 咀入葱姜煎
按此手太阴足太阳药也
《金匮要略》方论中说：热邪在上焦，因咳嗽而发展为肺痿。其成因可能是发汗过多、呕吐、消渴病导致小便频数，或者大便干结后又误用峻下药物导致腹泻，从而严重耗伤津液。因此，寸口脉象数，患者咳嗽，口中反而有浑浊的唾液和涎沫，这是肺痿的病证。如果口中干燥，咳嗽时胸中隐隐作痛，脉象反见滑数，这是肺痈；咳吐脓血，脉象数而虚的是肺痿，脉象数而实的是肺痈。
按语：上述言论认为肺痿属于热证，如久咳导致肺部萎缩、声音嘶哑、咯血等，这属于阴虚火旺，是非常正确的。本论中治疗肺痿表现为吐涎沫但不咳嗽，患者不口渴，必定伴有遗尿和小便频数，这是因为上焦虚寒不能制约下焦所致。这属于肺中寒冷，必然伴有眩晕和多涎唾，应用炙甘草汤加干姜治疗，这属于寒证。肺痿若涎唾多，心中感觉温热（温液），使用炙甘草汤，这是补益虚劳的方法，也与补益阴虚火旺不同。这些都应当分别治疗，所以肺痿又有寒热之分。
《局方》中的消风百解散治疗咳嗽、声音沉重、身热、头痛。
按语：这是手太阴肺经和手阳明大肠经的药物。
金沸草散治疗因感受风寒引起的咳嗽、头痛、声音沉重（方剂详见伤风门）。
按语：这是手太阴肺经和足太阴脾经的药物。
败毒散治疗痰嗽、身热、鼻塞。
药材：柴胡、前胡、羌活、独活、桔梗、枳壳、茯苓、甘草、人参、川芎（各等分）。
制法：切碎，水煎，每服一两或半两。
按语：这是足太阳膀胱经、足少阳胆经和手太阴肺经的药物。
子和搜风丸（方剂详见中风门）。
按语：这是手太阴肺经、手阳明大肠经和足太阳膀胱经的药物。
按语：以上各方均出自太阳经解表之法，但此丸是攻下湿热痰浊的药剂，实际上也是汗法和下法的变通。
小青龙汤治疗感受风寒，表证未解而咳嗽，心下有停饮或气喘（方剂详见痰饮门）。
《金匮要略》方治疗咳嗽且脉浮，去掉芍药，加入浓朴、杏仁、石膏、小麦。
简易九宝汤治疗咳嗽、身热、气喘、恶寒。
药材：麻黄、薄荷、陈皮、桂心、紫苏、杏仁、甘草、桑白皮、大腹皮（各等分）。
制法：切碎，加入生姜、葱白煎煮。
按语：这是手太阴肺经和足太阳膀胱经的药物。
The *Jin Gui Fang Lun* (Treatise on Formulas of the Golden Cabinet) states: When heat is located in the upper jiao, coughing develops into Fei Wei (Lung Atrophy). This condition arises from excessive sweating, vomiting, Xiao Ke (Wasting and Thirsting Syndrome) causing frequent urination, or constipation followed by misapplication of harsh purgatives leading to diarrhea, thereby severely depleting body fluids. Consequently, the Cun Kou pulse is rapid; the patient coughs and has turbid saliva and froth in the mouth, which indicates the disease of Fei Wei. If the mouth is dry, coughing is accompanied by dull pain in the chest, and the pulse is slippery and rapid, this is Fei Yong (Lung Abscess); coughing up pus and blood with a rapid and deficient pulse indicates Fei Wei, while a rapid and excess pulse indicates Fei Yong.
Commentary: The aforementioned statement posits that Fei Wei belongs to the heat category. For instance, prolonged coughing leading to lung atrophy, hoarseness, and hemoptysis belongs to Yin deficiency with fire hyperactivity, which is highly accurate. In this treatise, the treatment for Fei Wei presenting with salivation without coughing, where the patient is not thirsty but suffers from enuresis and frequent urination, is attributed to upper jiao deficiency cold failing to control the lower jiao. This belongs to cold in the lungs, inevitably accompanied by dizziness and profuse saliva/phlegm, treated with Zhi Gan Cao Gan Jiang Tang (Roasted Licorice and Dried Ginger Decoction), which falls under the cold category. If Fei Wei presents with excessive saliva/phlegm and a sensation of warmth in the heart (Wen Ye), Zhi Gan Cao Tang (Roasted Licorice Decoction) is used, which tonifies deficiency and exhaustion; this differs from tonifying Yin deficiency with fire hyperactivity. All these conditions require distinct treatments; thus, Fei Wei also exhibits differences between cold and heat.
Xiao Feng Bai Jie San (Eliminate Wind Hundred-Resolution Powder) from *Ju Fang* treats cough, heavy voice, fever, and headache.
Commentary: These are herbs acting on the Hand Taiyin Lung Meridian and Hand Yangming Large Intestinal Meridian.
Jin Fei Cao San (Golden Whorlwort Decoction) treats cough due to wind-cold invasion, headache, and heavy voice (formula see Shang Feng Men/Wind-Cold Section).
Commentary: These are herbs acting on the Hand Taiyin Lung Meridian and Foot Taiyin Spleen Meridian.
Bai Du San (Decoction for Resisting Toxins) treats phlegm-cough, fever, and nasal congestion.
Herbs: Chai Hu (Bupleuri Radix), Qian Hu (Peucedani Radix), Qiang Huo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix), Du Huo (Angelicae Pubescentis Radix), Jie Geng (Platycodonis Radix), Zhi Ke (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus), Fu Ling (Poria), Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), Ren Shen (Ginseng Radix), Chuan Xiong (Chuanxiong Rhizoma) (all in equal parts).
Preparation: Coarsely crushed, decocted in water; take 1 liang or half a liang per dose.
Commentary: These are herbs acting on the Foot Taiyang Bladder Meridian, Foot Shaoyang Gallbladder Meridian, and Hand Taiyin Lung Meridian.
He Zi Sou Feng Wan (Master He's Wind-Searching Pill) (formula see Zhong Feng Men/Stroke Section).
Commentary: These are herbs acting on the Hand Taiyin Lung Meridian, Hand Yangming Large Intestinal Meridian, and Foot Taiyang Bladder Meridian.
Commentary: All the above formulas originate from the Taiyang meridian exterior-resolving methods, but this pill is a formula for purging damp-heat phlegm; essentially, it represents a variation of sweating and purging methods.
Xiao Qing Long Tang (Minor Blue Dragon Decoction) treats cough due to wind-cold invasion with unresolved exterior syndrome, fluid retention in the epigastrium, or wheezing (formula see Tan Yin Men/Phlegm-Fluids Section).
The *Jin Gui* formula treats cough with a floating pulse; remove Shao Yao (Paeoniae Radix Alba), add Hou Po (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex), Xing Ren (Armeniacae Semen Amarum), Shi Gao (Gypsum Fibrosum), and Xiao Mai (Tritici Granum).
Jian Yi Jiu Bao Tang (Simple Nine-Treasures Decoction) treats cough, fever, wheezing, and aversion to cold.
Herbs: Ma Huang (Ephedrae Herba), Bo He (Menthae Haplocalycis Herba), Chen Pi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium), Gui Xin (Cinnamomi Ramulus), Zi Su (Perillae Folium), Xing Ren (Armeniacae Semen Amarum), Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), Sang Bai Pi (Mori Cortex), Da Fu Pi (Arecae Pericarpium) (all in equal parts).
Preparation: Coarsely crushed, decocted with Sheng Jiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens) and Cong Bai (Allii Fistulosii Bulbus).
Commentary: These are herbs acting on the Hand Taiyin Lung Meridian and Foot Taiyang Bladder Meridian.