也，便以为实，而行大黄，些少寒热，不知其气血不和也，便以为有外感，而行表散，如此害人甚速。
《精要》云∶内托散，一日至三日之内近十数服，治毒瓦斯攻冲脏腑，名护心散。此方专为丹石而发疽者，
若不因丹石而发，恐非必用之剂。若夫年老者、病深者、证惫者、体重者，绿豆虽补，将有不胜重任之患矣。
《机要》云∶治疮大要，须明惟有托里、疏通、和荣卫三法。毒邪在内则痛深，脉必沉实，外证发热烦躁，
大便秘，疮肿木
痛，不 赤，宜用内疏黄连汤，疏通脏腑。毒邪在皮肤，则痛浅，脉必浮数，外证 肿作痛，二便调匀，或寒
热拘急头痛，恐邪气外极而内行，必先托里之剂以散之。毒邪在经络中，外无 恶之气，内亦二便调和，食如
常，口知味，不恶风寒，止于热燥，其脉不浮不沉，乃邪在经络中也，宜调和荣卫。
元戎云∶《素问》寒痈疽例，经云∶肾移寒于脾，发为痈肿少气；脾移寒于肝，发为痈肿拘挛。又云∶诸寒
痈肿，此皆安生？岐伯曰∶生于八风之所变也。又云∶地之湿气，感则害人皮肉筋脉。《圣济》云∶衣服过浓表
易着寒。所得之源，大抵如此。或发不变色，或坚硬如石，或捻之不痛，久则然后变色疼痛，渐软而成，脓如泔
而稀，久不能差，疮口不合，变为疳漏，败坏肌肉，侵损骨髓，以致痿痹，宜以骨碎补丸主之。（此方用骨碎
补、补骨脂、熟地、当归、川续断、石楠叶、黄 、石斛、牛膝、杜仲、萆 各二两，附子一两，白芍、川芎、
菟丝饼、沙参、羌活、防风、独活、天麻各一两五钱，蜜丸，空心盐汤下。）
《心法》曰∶凡疮口不合，脓水清稀，气血俱虚也，饮食少而难化，脾胃虚寒也。肌体瘦弱，皮色痿黄，胆
气不行也，非参 归术之类不能补，非附子不能助其功。今饮食进少，且难消化，属脾胃虚寒，盖脾胃属土，乃
命门火虚，不能生土而然，不宜直补脾胃，当服八味丸，补火以生土也。
又曰∶气无补法，俗论也。以其为病，痞满壅塞，似难于补，不知正气虚而不能营运，则邪气滞而为病。经
云∶壮者气行则愈，怯者弱者则着而为病，苟不用其补，气何由而行乎？
王肯堂曰∶疮漏不合遽合，结毒实虫所为。（《准绳》）
张景岳曰∶疮疡之治，有宜泻者，有宜补者，有宜发散者，有宜调荣解毒者，因证用药各有所主。经曰∶形
气有余，病气有余，当泻不当补；形气不足，病气不足，
当补不当泻，此其大纲也。故凡察病之法，若其脉见滑实洪数，而 肿痛甚，烦热痞结，内外俱壅者，方是大实
之证，此其毒在脏腑，非用硝黄猛峻等剂，荡而逐之，则毒终不解，故不得不下，然非有真实真滞者，不可下，
此下之不可轻用也。其有脉见微细，血气素弱，或肿而不溃，溃而不敛，或饮食不加，精神疲倦，或呕吐泄泻，
手足常冷，脓水清稀，是皆大虚之候，此当全用温补，固无疑矣。然不独此也，即凡见脉无洪数，外无烦热，内
无壅滞，而毒有可虑者，此虽非大虚之证，然察其但无实邪，盒饭托里养荣，预顾元气。何也？盖恐困苦日久，
或脓溃之后，不待损而自虚矣。及其危败，临期能及哉！故丹溪云∶痈疽因积毒在脏腑，宜先助胃壮气，以固其
本，夫然则气血凝结者自散，脓瘀已成者自溃，肌肉欲死者自生，肌肉已死者自腐，肌肉已溃者自敛，若独攻其
疮，则脾胃一虚，七恶蜂起，其不死者，幸矣！即此谓也。其有脉见紧数，发热憎寒，或头痛，或身痛，或四肢
拘急无汗，是必时气之不正，外闭皮毛，风热壅盛而为痈肿，此表邪之宜散者也。如无表证，则不宜妄用发散，
以致亡阳损卫。故仲景曰∶疮家不可汗，此之谓也。其有荣卫失调，气血留滞，而偶生痈肿，但元气无损，饮食
如常，脉无凶候，证无七恶，此其在腑不在脏，在表不在里，有热者清其热，有毒者解其毒，有滞者行其气，所
当调荣和卫，而从平治者也。大都疮疡一证，得阳证而病气形气俱有余者轻；得阴证而形气病气俱不足者重；若
正气不足而邪毒有余，补之不可，攻之又不可者危；若毒虽尽去，而脾肾已败，血气难复者，总皆不治之证。故
临证者，当详察虚实，审邪正，辨表里，明权衡；淌举措略乖，必遗人大害，斯任非轻，不可苟也。
又曰∶槐花治湿退热之功，最为神速，大抵肿毒非用蒜灸及槐花酒，先去其势，虽
用托里诸药，其效未必甚速，惟胃寒之人，不可过用。
又曰∶忍冬酒，治痈疽发背，初发时盒饭服此，不问疽发何处，或妇人乳痈，皆有奇效。如或处乡落贫家，
服此亦便且效，仍兼以麦饭石膏及神异膏贴之，甚效。
又曰∶愚意前论肿疡，有云忌补宜下者，有云禁用大黄者，此其为说若异，而亦以证有不同耳。盖忌补者，
忌邪之实也；畏攻者，畏气之虚也。即如肿疡多实，溃疡多虚，此其常也。然肿疡亦有不足，则有宜补不宜泻
者，溃疡亦或有余，则有宜泻不宜补者，此其变也。或宜补，或宜泻，总在“虚实”二字，最多疑似，贵有定
见。如火盛者，宜清者也；气滞者，宜行者也；既热且壅，宜下者也；无滞无壅，则不宜妄用攻下，此用攻之宜
禁者也。至若用补之法，亦但察此二者，凡气道壅滞者，不宜补，火邪炽盛者，不宜温。若气道无滞，火邪不
甚，或饮食二便，清利如常，而患有危险可畏者，此虽未见虚证，或肿疡未溃，亦宜即从托补，何也？盖恐困苦
日久，无损自虚，若能预固元气，则脓必易化，脓必易溃，口必易敛，即大羸大溃，犹可望生者，必待虚证叠
出，或既溃不能收敛，而后勉力支持，则轻者必重，重者必危，能无晚乎！此肿疡之有不足也，所系非细，不
可不察。
又曰∶溃疡有余之证，其辨有四∶盖一以元气本强，火邪本盛，虽脓溃之后，而内热犹未尽除，或大便坚实，
而能食，脉滑者，此其形气病气俱有余，乃宜清利，不宜温补，火退自愈，亦善证也。一以真阴内亏，水不制火，
脓既泄而热反甚，脉反躁者，欲清之则正气已虚，欲补之则邪气愈甚，此正不胜邪，穷败之证，不可治也。一以
毒深而溃浅者，其肌腠之脓已溃，而根盘之毒未动，此乃假头，非真溃也，不得遽认为溃疡，而概施托补，若误
用之，则反增其害，当详辨之。又有一种元气已虚，
极似宜补，然其禀质滞浊，肌肉坚浓色黑，而气道多壅者，略施培补，反加滞闷，若此辈者，真虚既不可补，假
实又不可攻，最难调理，极易招怨，是亦不治之证也。总之溃疡有余者，十之一二；故溃疡宜清者少，肿疡不足
者十常四五，故肿疡宜补者多，此亦以痈疽之危险，有关生死者为言，故贵防其未然也。至若经络浮浅之毒，不
过肿则必溃，溃则必收，又何必卷卷以补泻为辨也，观者审之。
张洁古曰∶有里者下之。
蒋示吉曰∶司命者用药，但有一可补之机，则补之，有不可不攻之势，则攻之，庶几得古人好生之意者哉。
又曰∶夫疮疡既溃，肉腐脓流，血散气消，其虚之必补也，宜矣，用十全大补汤，为溃后诸证之总司。
又曰∶误服克戕之剂，或脓血大泄，或因吐泻，或误入房，或劳损元气，或梦遗泄精，或外邪感触，以致发
热头痛，小便淋漓，或滑数便血，脉濡烦喘，气短头晕，体倦热渴，意欲投水，身热恶衣，扬手掷足，腰背反
张，此阳气脱陷之假热证也。又有畏寒头痛，咳逆呕吐，耳 目蒙，小便自遗，泻痢肠鸣，里急腹痛，阴茎短
缩，牙齿浮痛，肢体麻痹，或厥冷身痛，或切牙啮唇，此阳气脱陷之真寒证也。如遇以上假热真寒，勿论其脉，
勿论其证，若见一二，急以十全大补汤加附子，补温之药，庶有复生之理。
又曰，凡肉黯阳虚属寒，十全汤加附子，肉赤血虚兼热，四物汤加栀子。
又曰∶凡死不溃是脾虚，十全倍参术，肉白肉不敛为阳孤，十全加姜附。
又曰∶凡寒凉非生肌所喜，发散非溃后所宜。
又曰∶七日以前，火毒方炽，辛热温剂休尝；七日以后，脓血将成，寒凉敷药莫遏。
又曰∶精为阴，人之水也，气为阳，人
之火也，水中不可无火，无火则阴胜而寒，病生火中，不可无水，无水则阳胜而热，病起水亏者，大补真阴，
火虚者，大补元阳。
又曰∶凡真阳之衰败，必由于真阴之亏损。
又曰∶药能治病，补虚不能移情易性，病患素性乖张，最难调治。
又曰∶脓流毒泄，气血俱亏。
又曰∶金匮肾气丸治命门火衰，以致脾土虚寒，不能消遗收敛，或饮食少思不化，脐腹痛，夜溺多，口干喜
热饮，肾水虚而上泛为痰，脾虚不能摄涎而为痰，非此不救。诚为引火归原，回阳返本之妙剂也。
又曰∶初起之疡，皮肉未破，一团实邪，热毒甚炽，不可轻投辛热之药。溃后之证，脓血出多，正气已亏，
元气未复，不可擅用寒凉之剂。
又曰∶据东垣之意，疮疡面赤，虽伏火热郁，不得攻里，为阳气怫郁，邪气在经，宜发表以去之，虽大便
数日不见，亦宜多攻其表，发散阳气，少加润燥药以润之。薛立斋云∶肿疡内外皆壅，宜以托里表散为主，如用
大黄，宁无孟浪之非，若此则大黄之难用也，明矣。而丹溪又曰∶大黄治痈症之要药，岂诸名家亦相矛盾乎？盖
痈疽初起，有六经表证者，大便如常者，脉紧浮数者，邪气在表，断不可下，若表证不现，大便燥结，口渴引饮，
脉浮沉实沉数，疮头坚硬不起，若不用大黄，何以宣通脏腑耶！初虞世云∶痈疽初作，须以大黄等药急转利之，
勿以困苦为念，此亦一偏之说，在辨表里，胡可为训。总之，真知其实而泻利，真知其虚而补益，浮露而浅者则
外消，藏伏而深者则内托，庶无弊也。
又曰∶按仲景云∶疮家虽身疼体痛，不可发汗，汗之则发痉，此为疮家溃后，复伤寒者说也。若疮初起七日
之内，恶寒发热，头痛身疼，疮高肿，身无汗，二便如
常，脉来浮紧浮数，表证俱多，非汗不愈。若汗药误投之于已溃之后，或表邪俱去之时，其祸亦不止发痉而已也。
又曰∶凡痈七日以后，疮头见黄色，竟以白降丹点上，升头拔毒，上以膏药盖之，以防风邪外入，每日用葱
艾汤洗净，再换膏药，大约在十一朝前后，脓出痛定，是阳疮之顺候也。人服四妙汤托之，若八九日痛而不溃，
疮势已定，毒瓦斯已聚，尚未成脓，须用神灯照法。
又曰∶溃后遍身作痒，乃外风乘虚而入，宜内托解之。
又曰∶脓少色赤不敛，乃血虚也，若秽气触而亦然，当以乳香、没药之类和之。
又曰∶余毒未尽，四妙汤加白芷、防风、花粉、连翘。
又曰∶寒邪凝滞，十全汤加防风、桂枝。外用葱艾汤洗。
又曰∶阳虚则恶寒，阴虚则生热。
又曰∶午前热主于补气，午后热主于补血。
又曰∶溃后痛疼，脓色败臭者，胃虚有火，十全汤加麦冬、五味子。
又曰∶喘粗气短，恍惚嗜卧者，脾肺弱也，补中益气汤加麦冬、五味子。
又曰∶脾肾已损，则肩背不便而沉重，补中益气汤加山萸肉、山药、北五味子。
又曰∶脾肺气脱，肢体肿，面色败而声嘶，唇鼻青赤面目俱浮者，六君子汤加
炮姜。不应，十全汤加炮姜、熟附子。
又曰∶寒气内淫，腹痛吐泻，手足冷而人昏愦，或咳嗽呃逆，腹鸣不食，阳气
虚之恶证，宜托里温中汤，后用六君子汤。
汪省之曰∶溃后血气耗散，内外皆虚，便宜参 接补元气，用寒凉固非所宜，用
香燥亦蹈虚虚之祸，可不慎欤。（《理例》）
陈文治曰∶脉沉实发热烦躁，外不 肿赤痛，乃邪气深伏在里，宜先疏通，宜
卫生汤，热结甚者，内疏黄连汤。
陈实功曰∶大便秘燥，通利相宜。
冯鲁瞻曰∶人动辄疑人参、熟地泥膈填中，殊不知脾能健运，肾能闭藏，则祖
气有根而不拔，元气深藏而有源，何有为胀为满之患哉。
又曰∶内外证最忌标实而本虚，泻之不可，补之无功，极为危险。全在防微杜
渐，标本得宜，使脾肾之元阳生发，而阴邪之凝滞释然矣。
又曰∶肺气既虚，不可复行其气，肾水已衰，不可重利其水。
又曰∶《内经》塞因塞用之法，少用则滋壅于上，多服则峻补于下。盖中州虚乏
壅滞，必赖大补而流通其气，故参术宜多用也。
又曰∶治不足之法，治有余则可；治有余之法，治不足则不可。
又曰∶寒之不寒，是无水也；热之不热，是无火也。无水者壮水之主，以镇阳
光；无火者，益火之原，以消阴翳，此达至理于绳墨之外也。
又曰∶金匮肾气丸补而不滞，通而不泄，诚治肿之神丹。
又曰∶标证虽似有余，本证实由不足，当以脉辨之。
又曰∶凡痈疽疮疖，轻重缓急，大有不同，治之之法，总宜察其虚实冷热，或
重或轻，对证发药，无失先后次序。治法当分初、中、末异，初宜散热解毒通经为
主，以图消去；中宜排托为主，以图散去余毒；末宜补宜托宜温，以图易于收功，此大法也。
又曰∶一痈疽初作，便宜灼艾及用药外涂四围，中留口出毒，如疮小通敷之，既
（接上文）……便认为是实证，而使用大黄；遇到轻微的寒热症状，不知道这是气血不和的表现；便认为有外感病邪，而使用解表发散的方法。如此做法，害人非常迅速。
《外科精要》说：内托散，在发病一至三天内服用近十剂，用于治疗毒瓦斯攻冲脏腑的情况，名为护心散。这个方子专门针对因服用丹石类药物而引发疮疽的患者。如果不是因为丹石引发的，恐怕不是必须使用的方剂。如果是年老体弱、病情深重、证候疲惫、身体沉重的人，虽然绿豆有补益作用，但可能会有无法承受重任的隐患。
《外科机要》说：治疗疮疡的大要，必须明白只有托里、疏通、调和营卫这三种方法。如果毒邪在体内，则疼痛深沉，脉象必然沉实，外部症状表现为发热烦躁，大便秘结，疮肿麻木疼痛，不红赤，适宜使用内疏黄连汤，以疏通脏腑。如果毒邪在皮肤，则疼痛浅表，脉象必然浮数，外部症状表现为肿胀作痛，大小便调匀，或者伴有恶寒发热、拘急头痛，担心邪气由外向内传变，必须先使用托里的方剂来疏散它。如果毒邪在经络中，外部没有恶寒的风邪之气，内部大小便也调和，饮食如常，口能知味，不恶风寒，仅有热燥感，脉象不浮不沉，这是邪气在经络中的表现，适宜调和营卫。
元戎说：《素问》中关于寒性痈疽的例子，经文说：肾将寒气转移给脾，会发为痈肿且少气；脾将寒气转移给肝，会发为痈肿且拘挛。又说：所有的寒性痈肿，这些都是怎么产生的？岐伯说：生于八方风气的变化所致。又说：地的湿气，感受后伤害人的皮肉筋脉。《圣济总录》说：衣服穿得太厚，体表容易受寒。所得疾病的源头，大体上都是这样。有的疮疡不发红变色，或者坚硬如石头，或者按压时不痛，时间久了才变色疼痛，逐渐变软而成脓，脓液像米泔水一样稀薄，久久不能愈合，疮口不合，变为疳漏，败坏肌肉，侵损骨髓，导致痿痹，适宜用骨碎补丸主治。（此方用骨碎补、补骨脂、熟地黄、当归、川续断、石楠叶、黄芩、石斛、牛膝、杜仲、萆薢各二两，附子一两，白芍、川芎、菟丝饼、沙参、羌活、防风、独活、天麻各一两五钱，炼蜜为丸，空腹时用盐汤送服。）
《外科心法》说：凡是疮口不合，脓水清稀，是气血都虚弱的表现；饮食减少且难以消化，是脾胃虚寒的表现。肌体瘦弱，皮肤颜色萎黄，是胆气不行的表现，非人参、黄芪、当归、白术之类的药物不能补益，非附子不能辅助其功效。现在饮食摄入少，且难消化，属于脾胃虚寒，因为脾胃属土，这是由于命门火虚，不能生土而导致的，不宜直接补益脾胃，应当服用八味丸，通过补火来生土。
又说：气没有补法，这是世俗的论调。因为气病表现为痞满壅塞，似乎难以补益，却不知道正气虚弱而不能运行，邪气就会停滞而致病。经文说：强壮的人气行则病愈，怯弱的人气滞则着而为病，如果不使用补法，气从哪里运行呢？
王肯堂说：疮漏如果不应该愈合却突然愈合，是结毒和实虫所为。（出自《医学准绳六要》）
张景岳说：疮疡的治疗，有宜于泻的，有宜于补的，有宜于发散的，有宜于调和营血解毒的，根据证候用药各有侧重。经文说：形体正气有余，病邪气有余，应当泻而不应当补；形体正气不足，病邪气不足，应当补而不应当泻，这是总纲。所以凡是诊察疾病的方法，如果脉象滑实洪数，而肿痛严重，烦热痞结，内外都壅滞的，才是大实的证候，这种毒在脏腑，不用芒硝、大黄等猛峻的药剂荡涤驱逐，毒终不能解，所以不得不泻，然而如果没有真实确凿的积滞，不可泻，这就是泻法不可轻用的原因。那些脉象微细，血气素来虚弱，或者肿胀但不溃破，溃破但不收敛，或者饮食减少，精神疲倦，或者呕吐泄泻，手足常冷，脓水清稀，这都是大虚的征候，这应当完全使用温补，毫无疑问。然而不仅于此，即使凡是见到脉象没有洪数，外部没有烦热，内部没有壅滞，而毒邪令人担忧的，这虽然不是大虚的证候，但观察发现没有实邪，就应当托里养荣，预先顾护元气。为什么呢？大概担心困苦日久，或者脓溃之后，不待损耗而自己就虚了。等到危败之时，临期还能来得及吗！所以朱丹溪说：痈疽是因为积毒在脏腑，应当先助胃壮气，以固根本，这样气血凝结的自然消散，脓瘀已成自然溃破，肌肉欲死自然生长，肌肉已死自然腐烂，肌肉已溃自然收敛，如果只攻伐疮疡，那么脾胃一虚，七恶之证蜂拥而起，能不死的，真是幸运啊！说的就是这个道理。那些脉象紧数，发热恶寒，或者头痛，或者身痛，或者四肢拘急无汗的，这一定是时气不正，外闭皮毛，风热壅盛而发为痈肿，这是表邪适宜发散的情况。如果没有表证，就不宜妄用发散，以致亡阳损卫。所以张仲景说：疮家不可发汗，说的就是这个意思。那些营卫失调，气血留滞，偶然发生痈肿，只要元气没有损伤，饮食如常，脉象没有凶险征候，证候没有七恶，这是在腑不在脏，在表不在里，有热的清其热，有毒的解其毒，有滞的行其气，应当调和营卫，从而平复治疗。大抵疮疡这一证候，得阳证而病气和形气都有余的较轻；得阴证而形气和病气都不足的较重；如果正气不足而邪毒有余，补不可，攻又不可的危急；如果毒虽尽去，而脾肾已败，血气难复的，总之都是不治之证。所以临床医生，应当详细察辨虚实，审察邪正，辨别表里，明晓权衡；如果举措稍微偏差，必定给人带来大害，这个责任不轻，不可马虎。
又说：槐花治疗湿退热的功效，最为神速，大抵肿毒如果不先用蒜灸及槐花酒，先去其势头，虽然使用托里诸药，效果未必很快，只有胃寒的人，不可过度使用。
又说：忍冬酒，治疗痈疽发背，初发时应当服用此药，不问疽发何处，或者是妇人乳痈，都有奇效。如果在乡间贫苦人家，服用此药也方便且有效，同时兼用麦饭石膏及神异膏贴敷，非常有效。
又说：我的意见在前文论述肿疡时，有说忌补宜下的，有说禁用大黄的，这些说法看似不同，也是因为证候不同罢了。所谓忌补，是忌邪气之实；所谓畏攻，是畏惧正气之虚。就像肿疡多实，溃疡多虚，这是常理。然而肿疡也有不足的，则有宜补不宜泻的；溃疡也有有余的，则有宜泻不宜补的，这是变通。或者宜补，或者宜泻，关键在于“虚实”二字，最多似是而非，贵在要有定见。如火盛的，宜清的；气滞的，宜行的；既热且壅，宜下的；无滞无壅，则不宜妄用攻下，这是用攻法应当禁止的情况。至于用补的方法，也是只考察这两点，凡气道壅滞的，不宜补；火邪炽盛的，不宜温。如果气道无滞，火邪不甚，或者饮食二便，清利如常，而患有危险可畏的疾病，这虽然没有见到虚证，或者肿疡未溃，也应当立即从托补，为什么呢？大概担心困苦日久，不待损耗自己就虚了，如果能预先固护元气，那么脓必易化，脓必易溃，口必易敛，即使是大羸大溃，还可望生存，一定要等到虚证叠出，或者既溃不能收敛，而后勉力支持，那么轻者必重，重者必危，难道不晚了吗！这就是肿疡有不足的情况，关系重大，不可不察。
又说：溃疡有余的证候，其辨别有四种：一是元气本强，火邪本盛，虽然脓溃之后，而内热还未完全清除，或者大便坚实，而能食，脉滑的，这是形气病气都有余，乃宜清利，不宜温补，火退自愈，也是善证。一是真阴内亏，水不制火，脓既泄而热反而更甚，脉反而躁动的，想清则正气已虚，想补则邪气更甚，这是正不胜邪，穷败之证，不可治。一是毒深而溃浅的，其肌腠的脓已溃，而根盘的毒未动，这是假头，不是真溃，不得仓促认为是溃疡，而一概施以托补，如果误用，则反增其害，应当详细辨别。又有一种元气已虚，极似宜补，但其禀质滞浊，肌肉坚浓色黑，而气道多壅滞的，略施培补，反而增加滞闷，像这类人，真虚不可补，假实不可攻，最难调理，极易招致怨恨，这也是不治之证。总之溃疡有余的，十之一二；所以溃疡宜清的少，肿疡不足的十常四五，所以肿疡宜补的多，这也是从痈疽的危险关系到生死来说的，所以贵在预防于未然。至于经络浮浅的毒，不过是肿则必溃，溃则必收，又何必执着于补泻的辨别呢，读者请审慎。
张洁古说：有里证的用下法。
蒋示吉说：司命之人用药，只要有一可补的机会，就补之；有不可不攻的形势，就攻之，这样才能符合古人好生的心意吧。
又说：疮疡既然溃破，肉腐脓流，血散气消，其虚之必补，是应该的，使用十全大补汤，作为溃后各种证候的主方。
又说：误服克伐损伤的药剂，或者脓血大泄，或因吐泻，或误入房事，或劳损元气，或梦遗泄精，或外邪感触，以致发热头痛，小便淋漓，或者滑数便血，脉濡烦喘，气短头晕，体倦热渴，意欲投水，身热恶衣，扬手掷足，腰背反张，这是阳气脱陷的假热证。又有畏寒头痛，咳逆呕吐，耳目蒙蔽，小便自遗，泻痢肠鸣，里急腹痛，阴茎短缩，牙齿浮痛，肢体麻痹，或者厥冷身痛，或者切牙啮唇，这是阳气脱陷的真寒证。如果遇到以上假热真寒，不论其脉，不论其证，若见到一二种，急以十全大补汤加附子，补温之药，或许有复生的道理。
又说，凡是肉色暗紫属阳虚寒，十全汤加附子；肉色红赤属血虚兼热，四物汤加栀子。
又说：凡是不溃破是脾虚，十全大补汤倍用人参、白术；肉白且不收敛为阳孤，十全大补汤加生姜、附子。
又说：凡寒凉药不是生肌所喜欢的，发散药不是溃后所适宜的。
又说：七日以前，火毒正炽盛，辛热温剂不要尝试；七日以后，脓血将成，寒凉敷药不要遏制。
又说：精为阴，是人的水；气为阳，是人的火，水中不可无火，无火则阴胜而寒，病生于火中，不可无水，无水则阳胜而热，病起于水亏者，大补真阴；火虚者，大补元阳。
又说：凡真阳的衰败，必定由于真阴的亏损。
又说：药能治病，补虚不能移情易性，病患素性乖张，最难调治。
又说：脓流毒泄，气血俱亏。
又说：金匮肾气丸治疗命门火衰，以致脾土虚寒，不能消化食物，或者饮食少思不化，脐腹痛，夜尿多，口干喜热饮，肾水虚而上泛为痰，脾虚不能摄涎而为痰，非此药不能救。诚为引火归原，回阳返本的妙剂。
又说：初起的疮疡，皮肉未破，一团实邪，热毒甚炽，不可轻投辛热之药。溃后的证候，脓血出多，正气已亏，元气未复，不可擅用寒凉之剂。
又说：据李东垣的意思，疮疡面赤，虽然是伏火热郁，不得攻里，为阳气怫郁，邪气在经，宜发表以去之，虽然大便数日不见，也宜多攻其表，发散阳气，少加润燥药以润之。薛立斋说：肿疡内外皆壅，宜以托里表散为主，如果用大黄，难道没有孟浪之非议吗？像这样，大黄之难用，是很明显的。而朱丹溪又说：大黄是治疗痈症的要药，难道各位名家也相互矛盾吗？大概痈疽初起，有六经表证的，大便如常的，脉紧浮数的，邪气在表，断不可下，如果表证不现，大便燥结，口渴引饮，脉浮沉实沉数，疮头坚硬不起，若不用大黄，何以宣通脏腑呢！初虞世说：痈疽初作，须以大黃等药急转利之，不要以困苦为念，这也是偏颇之说，在于辨别表里，怎么能作为准则。总之，真正知道其实而泻利，真正知其虚而补益，浮露而浅的则外消，藏伏而深的则内托，才没有弊病。
又说：按张仲景说：疮家虽然身疼体痛，不可发汗，汗之则发痉，这是为疮家溃后，复伤寒者说的。如果疮初起七日之内，恶寒发热，头痛身疼，疮高肿，身无汗，二便如常，脉来浮紧浮数，表证俱多，非汗不愈。如果汗药误投之于已溃之后，或表邪俱去之时，其祸也不止发痉而已。
又说：凡痈七日以后，疮头见黄色，直接用白降丹点上，升头拔毒，上以膏药盖之，以防风邪外入，每日用葱艾汤洗净，再换膏药，大约在十一朝前后，脓出痛定，是阳疮的顺候。人服四妙汤托之，如果八九日痛而不溃，疮势已定，毒瓦斯已聚，尚未成脓，须用神灯照法。
又说：溃后遍身作痒，乃外风乘虚而入，宜内托解之。
又说：脓少色赤不敛，乃血虚也，如果秽气触而亦然，当以乳香、没药之类和之。
又说：溃后痛疼，脓色败臭者，胃虚有火，十全汤加麦冬、五味子。
又说：喘粗气短，恍惚嗜卧者，脾肺弱也，补中益气汤加麦冬、五味子。
又说：脾肾已损，则肩背不便而沉重，补中益气汤加山萸肉、山药、北五味子。
又说：脾肺气脱，肢体肿，面色败而声嘶，唇鼻青赤面目俱浮者，六君子汤加炮姜。不应，十全汤加炮姜、熟附子。
又说：寒气内淫，腹痛吐泻，手足冷而人昏愦，或咳嗽呃逆，腹鸣不食，阳气虚之恶证，宜托里温中汤，后用六君子汤。
汪省之说：溃后血气耗散，内外皆虚，便宜人参接续补元气，用寒凉固非所宜，用香燥亦蹈虚虚之祸，可不慎欤。（出自《外科理例》）
陈文治说：脉沉实发热烦躁，外部不红肿赤痛，乃邪气深伏在里，宜先疏通，宜卫生汤，热结甚重的，内疏黄连汤。
陈实功说：大便秘燥，通利相宜。
冯鲁瞻说：人动辄疑人参、熟地泥膈填中，殊不知脾能健运，肾能闭藏，则祖气有根而不拔，元气深藏而有源，何有为胀为满之患哉。
又说：内外证最忌标实而本虚，泻之不可，补之无功，极为危险。全在防微杜渐，标本得宜，使脾肾之元阳生发，而阴邪之凝滞释然矣。
又说：《内经》塞因塞用之法，少用则滋壅于上，多服则峻补于下。盖中州虚乏壅滞，必赖大补而流通其气，故参术宜多用也。
又说：治不足之法，治有余则可；治有余之法，治不足则不可。
又说：寒之不寒，是无水也；热之不热，是无火也。无水者壮水之主，以镇阳光；无火者，益火之原，以消阴翳，此达至理于绳墨之外也。
又说：金匮肾气丸补而不滞，通而不泄，诚治肿之神丹。
又说：标证虽似有余，本证实由不足，当以脉辨之。
又说：凡痈疽疮疖，轻重缓急，大有不同，治之之法，总宜察其虚实冷热，或重或轻，对证发药，无失先后次序。治法当分初、中、末异，初宜散热解毒通经为主，以图消去；中宜排托为主，以图散去余毒；末宜补宜托宜温，以图易于收功，此大法也。
又说：一痈疽初作，便宜灼艾及用药外涂四围，中留口出毒，如疮小通敷之，既……
...then one might mistakenly consider it a excess syndrome and administer Rhubarb Decoction (Dahuang Tang); encountering slight cold or heat, failing to recognize it as disharmony of Qi and Blood (Qi Xue Bu He); then assuming an external contraction and employing diaphoretic methods. Such practices harm people very rapidly.
The *Jing Yao* (Essentials) states: Neituo San (Internal Support Powder), taken nearly ten doses within one to three days of onset, treats toxic factors attacking the Zang-Fu organs, also known as Huxin San (Heart-Protecting Powder). This formula is specifically for carbuncles and sores caused by the ingestion of cinnabar and sulfur pills (Dan Shi). If not caused by Dan Shi, it may not be a mandatory remedy. For the elderly, those with deep-seated disease, exhausted syndromes, or heavy constitutions, although Mung Bean (Lü Dou) has tonifying properties, there is a risk that they will not bear the burden effectively.
The *Ji Yao* (Key Essentials) states: The general principle in treating sores requires understanding only three methods: supporting the interior (Tuo Li), unblocking and draining (Shu Tong), and harmonizing Ying and Wei (He Rong Wei). If toxic pathogens are inside, pain is deep, the pulse must be deep and solid, external symptoms include fever and irritability, constipation, numbness and pain in the swelling without redness; Neishu Huanglian Tang (Internal Purging Coptis Decoction) should be used to unblock and drain the Zang-Fu. If toxic pathogens are in the skin, pain is superficial, the pulse must be floating and rapid, external symptoms include swelling and pain, regular urination and defecation, or aversion to cold and fever, stiffness, headache; fearing the pathogen moves from exterior to interior, formulas that support the interior should first be used to disperse it. If toxic pathogens are in the meridians, there is no external aversion to wind-cold, internal urination and defecation are harmonious, appetite is normal, taste is perceived, no aversion to wind and cold, only dryness and heat, the pulse is neither floating nor deep; this indicates the pathogen is in the meridians, and harmonizing Ying and Wei is appropriate.
Yuan Rong states: In the *Su Wen* regarding cold-induced abscesses, the classic says: When Kidney transfers cold to Spleen, it develops into abscesses with shortness of breath; when Spleen transfers cold to Liver, it develops into abscesses with spasms. It also says: All cold-induced abscesses, how do they arise? Qibo said: They arise from changes in the Eight Winds. It also says: Dampness of the earth, when contracted, harms the skin, flesh, sinews, and vessels. The *Sheng Ji Zong Lu* states: Wearing clothes too thickly makes the surface susceptible to cold. The source of acquisition is generally like this. Some sores do not change color, or become hard as stone, or are painless upon pressure; after a long time, they change color and become painful, gradually softening and forming pus like rice water, remaining thin, unable to heal for a long time, the sore opening does not close, transforming into gan fistulas, ruining muscle, invading bone marrow, leading to atrophy and bi-syndrome; Gusuibu Wan (Drynaria Pill) is indicated. (This formula uses Drynariae Rhizoma (Gushuib), Psoraleae Fructus (Buguzhi), Prepared Rehmanniae Radix (Shudi), Angelicae Sinensis Radix (Danggui), Teucrii Chini Ramulus et Folium (Chuanxuduan), Nanmu Cortex (Shinan Ye), Scrophulariae Radix (Huangjing - note: text says Huang, likely Huangqi or similar contextually but listed here as per text structure, usually Huangqi in such contexts but strictly transliterated as Huang if ambiguous, however standard is often Huangqi/Astragali Radix or Scutellariae Radix/Huangqin depending on context. Given "Huang" alone in list, often implies Huangqi or Huanglian. In Gusuibu Wan context, Astragali Radix is common. Let's use Astragali Radix (Huangqi) as it fits "tonify" context, but text just says Huang. I will use Huangqi (Astragali Radix) as standard interpretation for this formula component, or simply Huang if strict. Actually, looking at standard Gusuibu Wan, it contains Huangqi. I will use Astragali Radix (Huangqi))., Dendrobii Caulis (Shihu), Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix (Niuxi), Eucommiae Cortex (Duzhong), Dioscoreae Hypoglaucae Rhizoma (Bixie) each 2 liang, Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata (Fuzi) 1 liang, Paeoniae Radix Alba (Baishao), Chuanxiong Rhizome (Chuanxiong), Cuscutae Semen (Tusizi), Codonopsis Radix (Shashen), Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix (Qianghuo), Saposhnikoviae Radix (Fangfeng), Angelicae Pubescentis Radix (Duhuo), Gastrodiae Rhizoma (Tianma) each 1.5 liang, honey-made pills, taken empty stomach with salt water.)
The *Xin Fa* states: Whenever a sore does not heal and pus/water is clear and thin, it is deficiency of both Qi and Blood; decreased diet and difficulty digesting indicate deficiency-cold of Spleen and Stomach; emaciated body and sallow skin indicate failure of Gallbladder Qi. Non-tonics like Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma (Renshen), Angelicae Sinensis Radix (Danggui), Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (Baizhu) cannot tonify; non-Aconite cannot assist its efficacy. Now, with little food intake and difficult digestion, it belongs to deficiency-cold of Spleen and Stomach. Since Spleen belongs to Earth, this is due to deficiency of Mingmen Fire failing to generate Earth; one should not directly tonify Spleen and Stomach, but take Bawei Wan (Eight-Ingredient Pill) to tonify Fire to generate Earth.
It also states: "Qi has no tonification method" is a vulgar theory. Because Qi disease presents as fullness and obstruction, it seems difficult to tonify, but one does not know that if Zheng Qi (Upright Qi) is deficient and cannot circulate, Xie Qi (Evil Qi) stagnates and causes disease. The classic says: The strong recover when Qi moves; the weak suffer when Qi lingers. If one does not use tonification, how can Qi move?
Wang Kentang states: If a fistula closes abruptly when it shouldn't, it is caused by accumulated toxins and real worms. (*Zhun Sheng*)
Zhang Jingyue states: Treatment of sores includes purging, tonifying, dispersing, and harmonizing Ying/Blood while resolving toxins; medication depends on the syndrome. The classic says: If physical constitution and pathogenic factor are both in excess, purge rather than tonify; if both are deficient, tonify rather than purge. This is the general outline. Therefore, in examining diseases, if the pulse is slippery, solid, surging, and rapid, with severe swelling/pain, irritability, fullness, and internal/external obstruction, it is a true excess syndrome. The toxin is in the Zang-Fu; without harsh agents like Mirabilite (Xiaoshi) and Rhubarb (Dahuang) to sweep and expel, the toxin will not resolve, hence purging is necessary. However, without true accumulation and stagnation, purging is contraindicated; thus, purging must not be used lightly. If the pulse is faint and fine, blood/Qi is inherently weak, or swelling does not suppurate/suppurates but does not heal, or diet decreases, spirit tires, vomiting/diarrhea occur, hands/feet are cold, pus is clear/thin, these are signs of great deficiency, requiring complete warming and tonification without doubt. Furthermore, even if the pulse lacks surging/rapid qualities, external symptoms lack irritability/heat, internal symptoms lack obstruction, yet the toxin is concerning, although not a great deficiency, observing no real evil suggests one should support the interior and nourish Ying, pre-emptively protecting Yuan Qi. Why? Fearing that prolonged hardship or post-suppuration state leads to spontaneous deficiency before damage occurs. By the time crisis hits, is it too late! Thus, Zhu Danxi said: Abscesses due to accumulated toxins in Zang-Fu require first assisting Stomach and strengthening Qi to secure the root; then condensed Qi/Blood dissipates, formed pus bursts, dying muscles regenerate, dead muscles rot, ulcerated muscles heal. If only attacking the sore, Spleen/Stomach deficiency leads to seven evils arising like bees; survival would be luck! This is what he meant. If the pulse is tight and rapid, with fever/aversion to cold, headache, body pain, limb stiffness, no sweat, this is definitely abnormal seasonal Qi closing the skin/hair, wind-heat obstructing and causing abscesses; this exterior evil should be dispersed. Without exterior signs, dispersing is inappropriate to avoid loss of Yang and damage to Wei. Hence Zhang Zhongjing said: Those with sores should not be sweated; this refers to it. If Ying-Wei are disharmonious, Qi/Blood stagnate, causing occasional abscesses, but Yuan Qi is undamaged, diet normal, pulse not ominous, no seven evils, this is in the Fu organs, not Zang; in the exterior, not interior. Clear heat if present, resolve toxin if present, move Qi if stagnant; harmonize Ying and Wei to treat peacefully. Generally, sores with Yang syndromes where disease/Qi/physical constitution are all in excess are mild; Yin syndromes where all are deficient are severe; Zheng Qi deficient but Xie Du excessive, where tonification and purging are both impossible, are critical; if toxin is gone but Spleen/Kidney failed, Qi/Blood hard to restore, these are untreatable. Thus, clinicians must carefully examine deficiency/excess, evil/uprightness, exterior/interior, and weigh pros/cons; slight deviation causes great harm; responsibility is heavy, cannot be casual.
It also states: Sophora Flower (Huaihua) is most effective for clearing dampness and reducing heat. Generally, for swellings/toxins, if Garlic Moxibustion and Huaihua Wine are not used first to reduce the momentum, even with interior-supporting drugs, effects are not fast. Only for those with Stomach Cold, overuse is prohibited.
It also states: Honeysuckle Wine (Jindong Jiu) treats abscesses and back carbuncles; taking it at onset, regardless of location, or for women's breast abscesses, has miraculous effects. In poor rural areas, it is convenient and effective; combined with Wheat Meal Stone Paste (Maifan Shi Gao) and Shenyi Paste, it is very effective.
It also states: My previous discussion on swellings mentioned avoiding tonification and preferring purging, and forbidding Rhubarb. These seem contradictory but depend on different syndromes. Avoiding tonification avoids excess evil; fearing purging fears Qi deficiency. Swellings are mostly excess, ulcers mostly deficiency—this is constant. Yet swellings can have deficiency (tonify, don't purge); ulcers can have excess (purge, don't tonify)—this is variable. Tonify or purge depends on "deficiency/excess," which is often confusing, requiring firm judgment. Excess fire: clear. Qi stagnation: move. Heat plus obstruction: purge. No stagnation/obstruction: do not purge. Regarding tonification: if Qi pathway is obstructed, do not tonify; if fire evil is blazing, do not warm. If Qi pathway is clear, fire not intense, diet/urination/defecation normal, yet danger exists, even without obvious deficiency or pre-suppuration, immediate interior-supporting tonification is needed. Why? Fearing prolonged hardship leads to spontaneous deficiency. Pre-protecting Yuan Qi ensures easy pus formation/bursting/healing. Even in severe exhaustion/ulceration, survival is possible. Waiting for multiple deficiency signs or failure to heal after suppuration to support is late; mild becomes severe, severe becomes critical. Is this not too late! This addresses deficiency in swellings, which is significant and must be observed.
It also states: Four distinctions for excess in ulcers: 1. Original Qi strong, fire evil strong; post-suppuration internal heat remains, stool firm, eats well, pulse slippery—excess of form/Qi/disease, suitable for clearing/draining, not warming/tonifying. Fire retreats, self-heals, good sign. 2. True Yin internally deficient, Water fails to control Fire; post-suppuration heat worsens, pulse restless—clearing hurts Qi, tonifying helps Evil, Zheng cannot overcome Xie, terminal syndrome, untreatable. 3. Toxin deep but ulcer shallow; muscle pus drained but root toxin remains—false head, not true ulcer, do not rush to diagnose as ulcer or apply tonification/support. Misuse increases harm, distinguish carefully. 4. Original Qi deficient, seemingly needing tonification, but constitution turbid/stagnant, muscle dense/dark, Qi pathway obstructed—slight tonification adds stagnation/oppression. True deficiency cannot be tonified, false excess cannot be purged; hardest to regulate, prone to resentment, also untreatable. Total: Excess in ulcers is 10-20%; thus few ulcers need clearing. Deficiency in swellings is 40-50%; thus many swellings need tonification. This speaks to the life/death danger of abscesses, emphasizing prevention. For superficial meridian toxins, swelling leads to suppuration, suppuration leads to healing; why obsess over tonification/purging distinction? Readers, please examine.
Zhang Jiegu states: Treat interior excess with purging.
Jiang Shiji states: Physicians should tonify whenever a opportunity arises, and purge whenever necessity dictates, thereby honoring the ancients' intent to preserve life.
It also states: After ulceration, flesh rots, pus flows, blood scatters, Qi dissipates; deficiency necessitates tonification. Shiquan Dabu Tang (Complete Great Tonifying Decoction) serves as the chief formula for post-ulceration syndromes.
It also states: Mistakenly using harsh/cutting agents, massive pus/blood loss, vomiting/diarrhea, sexual indiscretion, labor damaging Yuan Qi, nocturnal emission, or external pathogen contact lead to fever/headache, dysuria, slippery/rapid bloody stool, soggy pulse with irritability/panting, shortness of breath/dizziness, fatigue/heat/thirst, desire to throw oneself in water, heat intolerance/restlessness, flailing limbs, opisthotonos—this is false heat from Yang collapse/sinking. Alternatively, aversion to cold/headache, cough/regurgitation, deaf/blind, urinary incontinence, dysentery/borborygmus, tenesmus/abdominal pain, penile retraction, floating tooth pain, limb numbness, cold limbs/body pain, teeth grinding/lip biting—this is true cold from Yang collapse/sinking. Upon seeing any of these false heat/true cold signs, ignore pulse/syndrome specifics; immediately use Shiquan Dabu Tang plus Aconite (Fuzi) and warming tonics for potential recovery.
It also states: Dark flesh indicates Yang deficiency/cold; add Aconite to Shiquan Tang. Red flesh indicates Blood deficiency/heat; add Gardenia (Zhizi) to Siwu Tang.
It also states: Failure to suppurate indicates Spleen deficiency; double Ginseng and Atractylodes in Shiquan Tang. White flesh that does not heal indicates isolated Yang; add Ginger and Aconite to Shiquan Tang.
It also states: Cold-cooling herbs are not favored for generating flesh; dispersing herbs are not suitable post-ulceration.
It also states: Before day seven, fire-toxin is raging; avoid spicy-hot/warming agents. After day seven, pus/blood forming; avoid suppressing with cold-cooling poultices.
It also states: Essence is Yin, human Water; Qi is Yang, human Fire. Water needs Fire; without Fire, Yin prevails causing cold. Fire needs Water; without Water, Yang prevails causing heat. Deficiency of Water: greatly tonify True Yin. Deficiency of Fire: greatly tonify Yuan Yang.
It also states: Decline of True Yang always stems from depletion of True Yin.
It also states: Medicine cures disease; tonification cannot change temperament. Patients with perverse natures are hardest to treat.
It also states: Pus flow and toxin discharge deplete both Qi and Blood.
It also states: Jin Gui Shen Qi Wan treats Mingmen Fire decline causing Spleen Earth deficiency-cold, inability to digest/absorb, poor appetite, umbilical/abdominal pain, frequent night urination, dry mouth preferring hot drinks, Kidney Water deficiency rising as phlegm, Spleen deficiency failing to control saliva as phlegm; this formula saves. It is a wonderful agent for guiding fire back to its source and restoring Yang/root.
It also states: Initial sores, skin/flesh intact, cluster of excess evil, intense heat-toxin; do not lightly use spicy-hot drugs. Post-ulceration, massive pus/blood loss, Zheng Qi depleted, Yuan Qi unrecovered; do not arbitrarily use cold-cooling agents.
It also states: According to Li Dongyuan, red face in sores, though due to hidden heat/fire depression, prohibits interior purging; this is Yang Qi oppression, pathogen in meridians, release via exterior to remove. Even with several days of no stool, focus on exterior dispersion, releasing Yang Qi, adding slight moistening herbs. Xue Lizhai said: Swellings with internal/external obstruction should prioritize interior support and exterior dispersion; using Rhubarb invites criticism of rashness. Thus, Rhubarb's difficulty in use is clear. But Zhu Danxi said: Rhubarb is key for abscesses. Are masters contradicting? Abscess initial stage: if Six Channels exterior signs exist, stool normal, pulse tight/floating/rapid, pathogen in exterior, absolutely no purging. If no exterior signs, stool dry/constipated, thirst drinking much, pulse floating/sinking solid/rapid, sore head hard/not rising, without Rhubarb, how to unblock Zang-Fu? Chu Yushi said: Initial abscess requires urgent purging with Rhubarb etc., ignoring hardship; this is a biased view, relying on distinguishing exterior/interior, cannot be a rule. Ultimately, truly knowing excess purges, truly knowing deficiency tonifies, superficial/shallow resolves externally, deep-hidden supports internally; thus no弊端.
It also states: Zhang Zhongjing said: Sores patients with body pain should not be sweated; sweating causes spasms. This refers to sores post-ulceration contracting cold. If sore initial stage within seven days, aversion to cold/fever, headache/body pain, high swollen sore, no sweat, normal urine/stool, pulse floating/tight/rapid, many exterior signs, non-sweating does not heal. If sweating agents misused post-ulceration or when exterior evil gone, disaster exceeds spasms.
It also states: After seven days, yellow head appears; apply Baijiang Dan (White Reduction Powder) to tip, lift head, draw out toxin, cover with plaster to prevent wind entry. Wash daily with Green Onion/Mugwort decoction, change plaster. Around eleventh day, pus exits, pain settles; smooth prognosis for Yang sores. Patient takes Simiao Tang to support. If ninth-tenth day pain without suppuration, momentum set, toxin gathered but no pus, use Shen Deng Zhao (Divine Lamp Illumination) method.
It also states: Generalized itching post-ulceration is external wind entering deficiency; use interior support to resolve.
It also states: Little pus, red color, non-healing indicates Blood deficiency; if triggered by foul odor, combine with Frankincense (Ruxiang) and Myrrh (Moyao).
It also states: Residual toxin incomplete; Simiao Tang plus Angelica Dahurica (Baizhi), Saposhnikovia (Fangfeng), Trichosanthes Root (Huafen), Forsythia (Lianqiao).
It also states: Cold evil stagnation; Shiquan Tang plus Saposhnikovia (Fangfeng), Cinnamon Twig (Guizhi). External wash with Green Onion/Mugwort decoction.
It also states: Yang deficiency causes aversion to cold; Yin deficiency generates heat.
It also states: Morning heat governed by tonifying Qi; afternoon heat governed by tonifying Blood.
It also states: Pain post-ulceration, foul敗 pus indicates Stomach deficiency with fire; Shiquan Tang plus Ophiopogon (Maidong), Schisandra (Wuweizi).
It also states: Rough breathing, shortness of breath, confusion/drowsiness indicates weak Spleen/Lungs; Buzhong Yiqi Tang plus Ophiopogon (Maidong), Schisandra (Wuweizi).
It also states: Spleen/Kidney damaged, shoulder/back stiff/heavy; Buzhong Yiqi Tang plus Cornus (Shanzhuyu), Dioscorea (Shanyao), North Schisandra (Bei Wuweizi).
It also states: Spleen/Lung Qi collapse, limb edema, sallow complexion, hoarse voice, blue-red lips/nose, facial swelling; Liu Junzi Tang plus Roasted Ginger (Pao Jiang). If ineffective, Shiquan Tang plus Roasted Ginger (Pao Jiang), Prepared Aconite (Shu Fuzi).
It also states: Internal invasion of cold, abdominal pain/vomiting/diarrhea, cold limbs/confusion, cough/hiccups, borborygmus/anorexia; evil syndrome of Yang deficiency. Use Tuoli Wenzhong Tang, followed by Liu Junzi Tang.
Wang Shengzhi stated: Post-ulceration, Qi/Blood scattered, internal/external deficient; promptly connect/tonify Yuan Qi with Ginseng. Cold-cooling is inappropriate; aromatic-dryness risks compounding deficiency. Must be cautious. (*Li Li*)
Chen Wenzhi stated: Pulse deep/solid, fever/irritability, no external red/swelling/pain, indicates deep latent interior evil; first unblock/draining, use Weisheng Tang. Severe heat binding: Neishu Huanglian Tang.
Chen Shigong stated: Constipation/dryness, promoting movement is appropriate.
Feng Luzhan stated: People easily suspect Ginseng/Prepared Rehmannia cause chest fullness/blockage; unaware that if Spleen transports well and Kidney stores well, ancestral Qi has root, Yuan Qi has source, why fear bloating/fullness?
It also stated: Internal/external syndromes most fear apparent excess with root deficiency; purging ineffective, tonifying useless, extremely dangerous. Relies on preventing micro-changes, balancing root/branch, allowing Spleen/Kidney Yuan Yang to generate, Yin evil stagnation to dissolve.
It also stated: Lung Qi deficient, do not further move Qi; Kidney Water declined, do not heavily promote diuresis.
It also stated: *Neijing* method of "treating obstruction with obstruction": small dose causes upper congestion, large dose causes lower drastic tonification. Middle Jiao deficiency/stagnation relies on major tonification to circulate Qi; thus Ginseng/Atractylodes should be used in larger doses.
It also stated: Method for deficiency treats excess correctly; method for excess treats deficiency incorrectly.
It also stated: Cold fails to cool = no Water; Heat fails to warm = no Fire. No Water: strengthen Water master to calm Yang light. No Fire: benefit Fire source to dispel Yin shadow. This reaches truth beyond rules.
It also stated: Jin Gui Shen Qi Wan tonifies without stagnation, unblocks without leakage; truly divine pill for swelling.
It also stated: Apparent excess symptoms, root reality is deficiency; distinguish by pulse.
It also stated: Abscesses/furuncles vary in severity/urgency; treatment examines deficiency/excess/cold/heat, adjusts dosage, matches syndrome, maintains sequence. Methods divide into early/middle/late: Early focuses on clearing heat/resolving toxin/unblocking meridians to eliminate; Middle focuses on draining/supporting to scatter residual toxin; Late focuses on tonifying/supporting/warming to facilitate healing. This is the general law.
It also stated: Initial abscess, moxibustion and external application around perimeter, leaving center open for toxin exit; if small sore, apply fully...