自跌打损伤以及人咬、破伤风等证，俱汇于本部中，以便检阅参治。
陈远公曰∶有跌伤骨折，必用杉木或杉板将骨折凑合端正，以绳缚定，勿偏斜
曲，再以布扎。切不可因疼痛，心软少致轻松，反为害事。后用内服药，如皮破血
出，须用外治药。但骨折而外边之皮不伤，即不必用外治药，然内外夹攻，未尝不更
佳耳。内治法宜活血祛瘀为先，血不活则瘀不去，瘀不去则骨不能接也。续骨神丹∶
当归二两，大黄五钱，生地、败龟版末、白芍各一两，丹皮三钱，桃仁三十个，续断、
牛膝、乳香末、没药末、红花各二钱，羊踯躅一钱，水煎服。一剂瘀去新生，骨即
合也，又二剂去大黄，再服四剂全愈。外治膏药加末药掺伤处为妙。全体神膏∶当
归、生地、红花各二两，牛膝、续断、刘寄奴、地榆、茜草、木瓜、小蓟、人参、川
芎、白术、黄 各一两，甘草五钱，桑木枝四两，杏仁、皂角、柴胡、荆芥各三钱。
麻油三斤熬数沸，以麻布滤去渣再煎，滴水成珠，加入水漂过黄丹一斤四两，收为
膏，勿太老。再用自然铜醋浸烧七次，海螵蛸、乳香、花蕊石各三钱，没药二钱，麒
麟竭五钱，白蜡一两为末，乘膏未冷，投入膏中，以桑木棍搅匀，取起以瓦器盛之。
临时以火炖摊，大约每张重一两，摊毕再
入胜金丹∶麝香、花蕊石、象皮各三钱，血竭三两，乳香、海螵蛸、没药、樟脑、人
参、木耳灰、三七根、儿茶各一两，古锻石、紫石英各二两，自然铜、冰片、干地
虱、干大粪、琥珀各一钱，生甘草五钱，土狗十个，研细和匀，瓷瓶密贮。每膏一张
用末药三钱掺膏上贴之。凡接骨不须二个也，重则二个，此乃绝奇绝异之方；倘骨
未损伤，只贴膏药，不必用胜金丹。内外治法三方，有不可形容之妙，内外兼治，旦
夕奏功，得此三方，无折骨之不救也。（《冰鉴》）
\r跌打损伤\p04-a41a217.bmp\r
《丹心》曰∶凡金疮及折伤，不可饮冷水，血见寒则凝，入心则死。
蒋示吉曰∶跌打损伤，筋断血流不止者，独胜散主之。（《说约》）
冯鲁瞻曰∶胎前如有跌扑所伤，须逐
污生新为主，佛手散最妙。腹痛加益母草服，如痛止则母子俱安；若胎已损，则污
物并下，再加童便制香附、益母草、陈皮煎浓汁饮之。如从高坠下，腹痛、下血、烦
闷，加生地、黄 补以安之。如因跌扑腹痛下血，加参、术、陈皮、白茯苓、炙甘
草、砂仁末以保之。如胎下而去血过多，昏闷欲绝，脉大无力，用浓浓独参汤冲童便
服之。小产本由气血大虚，今当产后，益虚其虚矣，故较正产，尤宜调补。
《素问》云∶人有所坠堕，恶血留内，腹中满胀，不得前后，先饮利药，此上伤
厥阴之脉，下伤少阴之络，刺足内踝之下，然骨之前血脉出血，刺足跗上动脉，不已，
刺三毛上各一 ，见血则已。左刺右，右刺左。善悲惊不乐，刺如右方。（缪剌论。）
《灵枢》云∶有所坠堕，恶血留内，有所大怒，气上而不行，下积于胁下则伤肝。
又中风有所击扑，若醉入房，汗出当风则伤脾。又头痛不可取于 者，有所击堕，恶
血在内，若肉伤痛未已，可侧刺，不可远取之也。（邪气脏腑及厥阴篇。）
《灵枢》曰∶身有所伤，出血多，反中风寒，若有所坠堕，四肢懈惰不收，名曰
体惰。取小腹脐下之三结交阳明太阴也。脐下三寸，关元也。（三结交者，即关元穴是也。寒热篇。）
《内经》云∶肝脉搏坚而长，色不青，当病堕，若搏因血在胁下，令人呕逆。
《金匮》云∶寸口脉浮微而涩，然当亡血若汗出，设不汗者，其身有疮被刀斧所伤，亡血故也。
《脉经》云∶从高颠扑内有血，腹胀满，其脉坚强者生，小弱者死。
李东垣曰∶夫从高坠下，恶血留于内，不分十二经络，医人俱作中风，肝经留于
胁下，以中风疗之。血者，皆肝之所生，恶血必归于肝，不问何经之伤，必留于胁下，
盖肝主血故也。痛甚则必有自汗，但人人有汗出，皆属风证，诸风皆属于肝木，况
败血凝泣，逆其所属入于肝也。从高坠下逆其上行之血气，非肝而何，非伤寒无汗，
既曰汗必自风化之也。故以破血行经药治之。凡寒凉之剂不可轻用。（《医学发明论》）
刘宗浓曰∶打扑金刃损伤，是不因气动而病生于外，外受有形之物所伤，乃血
肉筋骨受病，非如六淫七情为病，有在气在血之分也。所以损伤一证，专从血论，但
须分其有瘀血停滞而亡血过多之证。盖打仆堕坠，皮不破而内损者，必有瘀血。若
金刃伤皮出血，或致亡血过多，二者不可用同法而治，有瘀血者宜攻利之，若亡血
者兼补而行之，又察其所伤有上下轻重深浅之异，经络气血多少之殊，唯先逐瘀血，
通经络，和血止痛，然后调气养血，补益胃气，无不效也。
《脉经》云∶金刃跌仆，脉病不相应者死。
戴院使云∶扑踣不知曰颠，两手相搏曰扑，其为损一也。
又曰∶大法固以血之瘀失，分虚实之补泻，亦当看损伤之轻重，轻者顿挫气血，
凝滞作痛，此当导气行血而已。重者伤筋折骨，此当续筋接骨，非调治三四月不得
平复；更甚者气血内停，沮塞真气不得行者必死，急泻其血，通其滞，亦或有可治焉。
《伤损论》曰∶夫伤损必须求其源，看其病之轻重，审其损之浅深。凡人一身之
间，自顶至足，有斫伤、打伤、跌伤及诸刃伤者皆有之。凡此数证，各有其说。有
当先表里而后服损药者，为医者当循其理治之。然医者意也，不知意者，非良医也，
或者禀性愚昧，不能观其证之轻重，明其损之浅深，未经表里通利，先服损药，误
人多矣。有因此痰涎上攻，有因此大小脏腑闭结，差之毫厘，谬以千里，所谓医不
三世，不服其药，信哉。凡脑骨伤破不可见风着水，恐成破伤风候。凡脑骨伤碎在
硬处可治，若伤在太阳不可治。如伤在发
际，须剪剃去发，看皮破不硬，好用药敷。凡脑、两肩及后枕或两眉有伤可治。眼睛
伤瞳仁，不碎可治。头顶心有损则难治。凡鼻两孔伤凹者可治，血出无妨。齿破伤动
者，用蒺藜根烧存性为末，常揩搓之，即牢。结喉伤重，软喉断，不可治；以汤与
之得入肠者可治；若并出者，不可治。凡手脚骨只一边断则可治，若两手脚骨皆断
者，不可治。肚上被伤，肚皮俱破，肠出外，只肠全断难医；伤破而不断者，皆可
治疗。凡肠出可令病患手搭在医人肩，随其左右收起，以麻油润疮口整入腹，却以
通关散吹鼻打喷嚏，令肠自入用桑白皮线同皮肉缝合后，以封口药涂伤处，外以补
肌散用鸡子清调匀敷贴。若肠上有小损孔，以灯火照之，肠中有气射灯不可治。凡伤
损药中不可缺少乳香、没药，此药极能散血住痛，不可不知。凡伤损初次不可便用
自然铜，久后方可用之，折骨者便宜用之，若不折骨、不碎骨，则不可用。修合诸损
药，皆要去了。如用自然铜必用火 ，方可服之。然新火者，其火毒与金毒相煽，挟
香热药毒，虽有接骨之功，燥散之祸甚于刀剑，戒之。凡损伤妙在补气血，俗工不
知，惟要速效，多用自然铜，多成痼疾也。初伤只用苏木活血，黄连降火，白术和中，
童便煎服。在下者可下瘀血，但先须补托，在上者宜饮韭汁或和粥吃，切不可饮冷水，
血见寒则凝，但一丝血入心即死。
十不治证∶系颠扑损伤，或被伤入于肺者，纵未即死，二七难过一；左胁下伤
透内者二；肠伤断一半可医，全断者不可治三；小腹下伤内者四；证候繁多者五；脉
不实重者六；老人左股压碎者七；伤破阴子者八；血出尽者九；肩内耳后伤透内者，
皆不必用药。（《得效》）
冯鲁瞻曰∶凡跌扑损伤， 折挫闪，虽由外触，势必内伤，气血凝滞，红肿或青，
痛不可忍，故始须用甘辛温散，行气破瘀则痛自退，肿自消，如独活、白芷、荆芥、
防风、川芎、当归、没药、古文钱、鹿角灰、苏木、赤芍、红花之类，以水酒煎药，
冲入童便尤妙。及其外伤平复，犹宜滋补气血筋骨之药调之。（《锦囊》）
又曰∶肢体全仗气血，伤损必加补养。在上先消瘀血，在下先为补养，更审胃气，
盖去血过多，脉微欲死，独参汤加童便接住元气为急；甚有肢冷脉微者，参、术、附
子大剂挽之，势与产妇同也。脉来和缓者生，急疾芤者死，宜虚细，不宜数实，切记避风。
陈实功曰∶跌扑者有已破、未破之分，亡血、瘀血之别。从高处堕未损皮肉者，必
有瘀血流注脏腑，人必昏沉不醒，二便必难，当以大成汤通利二便，其人自苏，不醒者独参汤救之。（《正宗》）
损伤大纲固用药不可差，而整顿手法尤不可孟浪。今以人之周身，总三百六十
五骨节开列于后∶人身总有三百六十五骨节，以一百六十五字都关次之，首自铃骨
之上为头，左右前后至辕骨，以四十九字共关七十二骨。
巅中为都颅骨者一。（有势，微有髓及有液。）
次颅为髅骨者一。（有势，微有髓。）髅前为顶威骨者一。（微有髓，女人无此骨。）髅后为脑骨
者一。（有势，微有髓。）脑左为枕骨者一。（有势无液。）枕就之中附下为天盖骨者一。（下为肺系
之本。）盖骨之后为天柱骨者一。（下属脊窳有髓。）盖前为言骨者一。（言上复合于髅骨，有势
无髓。）言下为舌本骨者左右各二。（有热，无髓。）髅前为囟骨者一。（无势无髓。）囟下为
伏委骨者一。（俚人讹为伏犀骨者是也。无势无髓。）伏委之下为俊骨者一。（附下即眉宇之分也。无势
无髓。）眉上左为天贤骨者一。（无势无髓。）眉上右为天贵骨者一。（眉上直目睛也。无势无髓。）
左睛之上为智宫骨者一。（无势无髓。）右睛之上命门骨者一。（无势无髓。两睛之下中为鼻。）鼻
之前为梁骨者一。（无势无髓。）梁之左为颧骨者一。（有势无髓。）梁之右为 骨者一。（有势
无髓。）梁之端为嵩柱骨者一。（无势无髓。）
左耳为司正骨者一。（无势无髓。）右耳为纳邪骨者一。（无势无髓。）正邪之后为完骨者左右
共二。（无势无髓。）正邪之上附内为嚏骨者一。（无势少涎。）嚏后之上为通骨者左右前后共
四。（有势少液。）嚏上为HT 骨者一。（无势多液，其HT 后连属为颔也。）左颔为乘骨者一。（有势多
液。）右颔为车骨者一。（有势多液。）乘车之后为辕骨者左右共二。（有势有液。）乘车上下
出齿牙三十六事。（无势无髓。庸下就少则不满其数。）
复次，铃骨之下为膻中左右前后至 ，以四十字关九十七骨。
辕骨之下左右为铃骨者二。（多液。）铃中为会厌骨者一。（无势无髓。）铃骨之下为咽
骨者左、中及右共三。（无髓。）咽下为喉骨者左、中及右共三。（无髓。）喉下为咙骨者环
次共十事。（无髓。）咙下之内为肺系骨者累累然共十二。（无势无髓。）肺系之后为谷骨者
一。（无髓。）谷下为KT 道骨者左右共二。（无髓。）咙外次下为顺骨者八。（少液。）顺骨之端为
顺隐骨者八。（少液。）顺下之左为洞骨者一。（女人无此。）顺下之右为棚骨者一。（女人无此。）
洞棚之下中央为 KT 骨者一。（无髓。俚人呼为鸠尾。） KT 直下为天枢骨者一。（无髓。）铃下
之左右为缺盆骨二。（有势多液。）左缺盆之前为下厌骨者一。（无髓。）右缺盆前之下为分
骨者一。（无髓。）厌善之后附下为仓骨者一。（无髓。）仓之下左右为 骨者共八。（有势
无液。） 之下左为胸骨者一。（男子此骨大者好勇。）
之下右为荡骨者一。（女人此骨大者则丈夫）胸之下为乌骨者一。（男子此骨满者发早白。）荡
之下为臆骨者一。（此骨高多讹妄。）铃中之后为脊窳骨者共二十二。（上接天柱，有髓。）脊
窳次下为大动骨者一。（上通天柱，共二十四椎。）大动之端为归下骨者一。（道家谓之尾闾。）归下
之后为篡骨者一。（此骨能限精液。）归下之前为 骨者一。（此处薄者多处贫下。）
复次，缺盆之下左右至衬骨，以二十五字关六十骨。（此下只分两手臂至十指之端众骨。）
支其缺盆之后为伛甲骨者左右共二。
（有势多液。）伛甲之端为甲隐骨者左右共二。（此骨长则至贤。）前支缺盆为飞动骨者左右共
二。（此骨薄病痱缓。）次飞动之左为龙 骨者一。（有势无髓无液。）次飞动之右为虎冲骨者
一。（有势无髓无液。）龙 之下为龙本骨者一。（有势有髓。）虎冲之下为虎端骨者一。（有势有
髓。）本端之下为腕也。龙本上内为进贤骨者一。（男人此骨隆为名臣。）虎端上内为及爵骨
者一。（女人此骨高为命妇。）腕前左右为上力骨者共八。（有势多液。）次上力为驻骨者左右共
十。（有势多液。）次驻骨为搦骨者左右共十。（有势多液。）次搦骨为助势骨者左右共十。（右
助外为甲，左助外为爪。）爪甲之下各有衬骨左右共十。（无势无液。）
跌打损伤以及人咬伤、破伤风等病症，都汇集在本部中，以便查阅参考治疗。
陈远公说：遇到跌打导致骨折的情况，必须用杉木或杉板将折断的骨头对齐复位，用绳子绑紧固定，切勿偏斜弯曲，然后再用布包扎。切不可因为患者疼痛而心软，稍微放松固定，否则反而会造成危害。之后使用内服药物；如果皮肤破损出血，必须配合外用药物治疗。但如果只是骨折而外部皮肤没有受伤，就不必使用外用药，然而内外兼治，未尝不是更好的选择。内治法应当以活血祛瘀为首要任务，血液不流通则瘀血不去，瘀血不去则骨头无法愈合。续骨神丹方：当归二两，大黄五钱，生地、败龟版末、白芍各一两，丹皮三钱，桃仁三十个，续断、牛膝、乳香末、没药末、红花各二钱，羊踯躅一钱，用水煎服。服用一剂后瘀血去除新血生成，骨头即可接合；再减去大黄，继续服用四剂即可痊愈。外用膏药加入散剂敷在患处效果更佳。全体神膏方：当归、生地、红花各二两，牛膝、续断、刘寄奴、地榆、茜草、木瓜、小蓟、人参、川芎、白术、黄芩各一两，甘草五钱，桑树枝四两，杏仁、皂角、柴胡、荆芥各三钱。用麻油三斤熬煮数沸，用麻布过滤去渣后再煎，滴入水中成珠状时，加入经过水漂洗的黄丹一斤四两，收膏，不要熬得太老。再用自然铜醋浸烧七次，海螵蛸、乳香、花蕊石各三钱，没药二钱，麒麟竭（血竭）五钱，白蜡一两研成细末，趁膏药未冷时投入膏中，用桑木棍搅拌均匀，取出盛放在瓦器中。临用时用火加热摊开，每张大约重一两，摊好后再加入胜金丹：麝香、花蕊石、象皮各三钱，血竭三两，乳香、海螵蛸、没药、樟脑、人参、木耳灰、三七根、儿茶各一两，古锻石、紫石英各二两，自然铜、冰片、干地虱、干大粪、琥珀各一钱，生甘草五钱，土狗十个，研细混合均匀，装在瓷瓶中密封保存。每张膏药用药散三钱撒在膏上贴敷。凡是接骨不需要两个膏药，重的情况才用两个，这是极其奇妙独特的方子；如果骨头没有损伤，只贴膏药即可，不必使用胜金丹。内外治疗的这三个方子，有不可言喻的妙处，内外兼治，早晚就能见效，得到这三个方子，就没有治不好的折骨症。（《冰鉴》）
《丹心》说：凡是金属利器造成的创伤及骨折损伤，不可喝冷水，血液遇寒则会凝结，若凝滞入心则会导致死亡。
蒋示吉说：跌打损伤导致筋断裂血流不止的，用独胜散主治。（《说约》）
冯鲁瞻说：孕妇如果在怀孕期间受到跌扑伤害，必须以祛除污血、促进新血生成为主，佛手散最为巧妙。如果腹痛，加益母草服用，如果疼痛停止则母子都平安；如果胎儿已经受损，则污物一并排出，再加童便炮制的香附、益母草、陈皮煎浓汁饮用。如果是从高处坠落，出现腹痛、下血、烦闷，加生地、黄芩补益以安胎。如果是因跌扑导致腹痛下血，加人参、白术、陈皮、白茯苓、炙甘草、砂仁末来保胎。如果流产且失血过多，出现昏闷欲绝，脉象大而无力，用浓浓的独参汤冲童便服用。小产本来就是因为气血大虚，现在又处于产后状态，更加虚弱了，所以比正常分娩更应当调补。
《素问》说：人有从高处坠落，恶血留存在体内，腹部胀满，大小便不通，先服用通利大便的药物，这是因为上部损伤了厥阴经脉，下部损伤了少阴络脉，针刺足内踝下方，然骨之前的血脉出血，针刺足背上的动脉，如果不好，针刺足趾丛毛处各一针，见血即止。左病刺右，右病刺左。悲伤惊恐不乐，针刺方法同上。（《缪刺论》）
《灵枢》说：有人从高处坠落，恶血留存在体内，又有大怒，气机上逆而不行，积聚在胁下则损伤肝脏。另外中风被击打扑倒，或者醉酒后行房事，出汗当风则损伤脾脏。还有头痛不可取头部穴位，是因为有击打坠落，恶血在内，如果肌肉疼痛尚未停止，可以侧身针刺，不可远取其他穴位。（《邪气脏腑病形》及《厥阴篇》）
《灵枢》说：身体受到损伤，出血多，反而感受风寒，或者有从高处坠落，四肢懈怠无力不能收持，名叫体惰。取小腹脐下的三结交穴，属于阳明和太阴经。脐下三寸是关元穴。（三结交，就是关元穴。《寒热篇》）
《内经》说：肝脉搏动坚实而长，面色不发青，应当是坠堕伤，如果搏动是因为血在胁下，令人呕吐逆气。
《金匮》说：寸口脉浮微而涩，这应当是失血或者汗出，如果不汗出的话，身上有疮疡被刀斧所伤，是因为失血的原因。
《脉经》说：从高处置跌落，内有瘀血，腹胀满，脉象坚强者生，脉象小弱者死。
李东垣说：从高处坠落，恶血留在体内，不分十二经络，医生都当作中风治疗，认为肝经留有瘀血，用治疗中风的方法治疗。血，都是肝脏所生，恶血必然归于肝脏，不问哪条经络受伤，必然留在胁下，因为肝主血的关系。疼痛严重则必然有自汗，但人人都有汗出，都属于风证，诸风皆属于肝木，何况败血凝滞，逆着所属关系进入肝脏。从高处坠落逆其向上运行的血气，不是肝还能是什么？如果不是伤寒无汗，既然说有汗，必然是由风化成的。所以用破血行经的药物来治疗。凡是寒凉的药剂不可轻易使用。（《医学发明论》）
刘宗浓说：打扑金刃损伤，是不因气动而病生于外，外部受有形之物所伤，乃是血肉筋骨受病，不像六淫七情致病，有在气在血的区别。所以损伤这一类病症，专门从血来论述，但是必须区分是有瘀血停滞还是亡血过多的证候。大概打仆堕坠，皮肤不破而内部受损的，必然有瘀血。如果是金刃划伤皮肤出血，或者导致亡血过多，这两种情况不能用同样的方法治疗，有瘀血者宜攻逐利导，若亡血者兼用补益而行，还要观察所伤部位有上下轻重深浅的不同，经络气血多少的差异，唯有先逐除瘀血，疏通经络，调和血液止痛，然后调理气养血，补益胃气，没有不有效的。
《脉经》说：金刃跌仆，脉象与病情不相符合的预后不良。
戴院使说：跌倒不知人事叫做颠，两手相搏叫做扑，它们造成的损害是一样的。
又说：大法固然根据血的瘀滞或流失，分虚实进行补泻，也应当看损伤的轻重，轻者挫伤气血，凝滞作痛，这应当疏导气机运行血液而已。重者伤筋折骨，这应当续筋接骨，不经过三四个月的调治不得平复；更严重的情况气血内停，阻塞真气不得运行则必死，急泻其血，通其阻滞，或许还有可治的机会。
《伤损论》说：损伤必须探求其根源，看病的轻重，审察损伤的浅深。凡人一身之间，从头到脚，有砍伤、打伤、跌伤以及各种刃器伤者都有。凡这几类病症，各有说法。有的应当先解表里而后服用治损药，作为医生应当遵循道理治疗。然而医者意也，不懂医意的，不是好医生，有的人禀性愚昧，不能观察证的轻重，明了损伤的浅深，未经表里通利，先服用治损药，误人很多。有的因此痰涎上攻，有的因此大小脏腑闭结，差之毫厘，谬以千里，所谓“医不三世，不服其药”，确实如此。凡是脑骨伤破不可见风着水，恐怕形成破伤风症状。凡是脑骨伤碎在硬处可治，若伤在太阳穴不可治。如果伤在发际，须剪剃去头发，看皮肤是否破损变硬，好用药敷。凡是脑、两肩及后枕或两眉有伤可治。眼睛伤及瞳仁，未破碎可治。头顶心受损则难治。凡是鼻孔伤凹的可治，出血无妨。牙齿破碎松动者，用蒺藜根烧存性研末，经常揩搓，牙齿就会牢固。结喉重伤，软喉断裂，不可治；如果能喂进汤水入肠者可治；如果连汤水都吐出来，不可治。凡是手脚骨头只一边断则可治，若两只手脚骨头都断者，不可治。肚子上被伤，肚皮全破，肠子流出体外，只有肠子完全断裂难医；受伤破裂但未断的，都可治疗。凡是肠子流出，可让病人手搭在医生肩上，随其左右收起，用麻油润湿疮口整纳入腹，然后用通关散吹鼻打喷嚏，让肠子自行回纳，用桑白皮线连同皮肉缝合后，用封口药涂在患处，外用补肌散用鸡蛋清调匀敷贴。如果肠上有小孔，用灯火照之，肠中有气体射向灯光则不可治。凡是损伤药物中不可缺少乳香、没药，此药极能散血止痛，不可不知道。凡是损伤初次不可立即使用自然铜，久后方可用，骨折者适宜使用，若不骨折、不碎骨，则不可用。修制各种损伤药，都要去掉火毒。如用自然铜必须用火煅，方可服用。然而新火煅制的，其火毒与金毒相互煽动，挟带香热药的毒性，虽然有接骨之功，燥散之祸甚于刀剑，务必戒除。凡是损伤妙在补气血，庸医不知，只求速效，多用自然铜，多成顽固疾病。初伤只用苏木活血，黄连降火，白术和中，童便煎服。在下部的可下瘀血，但先须补托，在上部的宜饮韭汁或和粥吃，切不可饮冷水，血见寒则凝，只要一丝血入心即死。
十不治证：系颠扑损伤，或被伤入于肺者，纵然没有立即死亡，十四天难过第一关；左胁下伤透内脏者第二；肠伤断一半可医，全断者不可治第三；小腹下伤内脏者第四；证候繁多者第五；脉不实重者第六；老人左大腿压碎者第七；伤破生殖器者第八；血出尽者第九；肩内耳后伤透内脏者，都不必用药。（《得效》）
冯鲁瞻说：凡是跌扑损伤，骨折挫闪，虽然由外部触碰引起，势必造成内伤，气血凝滞，红肿或青紫，疼痛难以忍受，所以开始须用甘辛温散的药物，行气破瘀则疼痛自然消退，肿胀自然消除，如独活、白芷、荆芥、防风、川芎、当归、没药、古文钱、鹿角灰、苏木、赤芍、红花之类，用水酒煎药，冲入童便尤其奇妙。等到外伤平复，仍宜滋补气血筋骨的药物调治。（《锦囊》）
又说：肢体全仗气血，损伤必须加以补养。在上部先消瘀血，在下部先为补养，更要审察胃气，大概失血过多，脉微欲绝，独参汤加童便接续元气为紧急；甚至有四肢冰冷脉微的，用人参、白术、附子大剂量挽回，情形与产妇相同。脉来和缓者生，急疾芤者死，宜虚细，不宜数实，切记避风。
陈实功说：跌扑有已破、未破之分，亡血、瘀血之别。从高处坠落未损伤皮肉的，必然有瘀血流注脏腑，人必然昏沉不醒，大小便必然困难，当用大成汤通利大小便，其人自然苏醒，不醒的用独参汤抢救。（《正宗》）
损伤大纲固然用药不可差错，而整顿手法尤其不可鲁莽。现在以人的周身，总共三百六十五骨节开列如下：人身总有三百六十五骨节，以一百六十五字依次排列，首自锁骨之上为头，左右前后至辕骨，以四十九字共关联七十二骨。
巅中为都颅骨者一个。（有势，微有髓及有液。）
其次颅为髅骨者一个。（有势，微有髓。）髅前为顶威骨者一个。（微有髓，女人无此骨。）髅后为脑骨者一个。（有势，微有髓。）脑左为枕骨者一个。（有势无液。）枕就之中附下为天盖骨者一个。（下为肺系之本。）盖骨之后为天柱骨者一个。（下属脊窳有髓。）盖前为言骨者一个。（言上复合于髅骨，有势无髓。）言下为舌本骨者左右各二。（有热，无髓。）髅前为囟骨者一个。（无势无髓。）囟下为伏委骨者一个。（俗人讹传为伏犀骨的是这个。无势无髓。）伏委之下为俊骨者一个。（附下即眉宇之分也。无势无髓。）眉上左为天贤骨者一个。（无势无髓。）眉上右为天贵骨者一个。（眉上直目睛也。无势无髓。）左睛之上为智宫骨者一个。（无势无髓。）右睛之上命门骨者一个。（无势无髓。两睛之下中为鼻。）鼻之前为梁骨者一个。（无势无髓。）梁之左为颧骨者一个。（有势无髓。）梁之右为 骨者一个。（有势无髓。）梁之端为嵩柱骨者一个。（无势无髓。）
左耳为司正骨者一个。（无势无髓。）右耳为纳邪骨者一个。（无势无髓。）正邪之后为完骨者左右共二。（无势无髓。）正邪之上附内为嚏骨者一个。（无势少涎。）嚏后之上为通骨者左右前后共四。（有势少液。）嚏上为HT 骨者一个。（无势多液，其HT 后连属为颔也。）左颔为乘骨者一个。（有势多液。）右颔为车骨者一个。（有势多液。）乘车之后为辕骨者左右共二。（有势有液。）乘车上下出齿牙三十六事。（无势无髓。庸下就少则不满其数。）
再次，锁骨之下为膻中左右前后至 ，以四十字关九十七骨。
辕骨之下左右为锁骨者二。（多液。）锁中为会厌骨者一个。（无势无髓。）锁骨之下为咽骨者左、中及右共三。（无髓。）咽下为喉骨者左、中及右共三。（无髓。）喉下为咙骨者环次共十事。（无髓。）咙下之内为肺系骨者累累然共十二。（无势无髓。）肺系之后为谷骨者一个。（无髓。）谷下为KT 道骨者左右共二。（无髓。）咙外次下为顺骨者八。（少液。）顺骨之端为顺隐骨者八。（少液。）顺下之左为洞骨者一个。（女人无此。）顺下之右为棚骨者一个。（女人无此。）洞棚之下中央为 KT 骨者一个。（无髓。俗人呼为鸠尾。） KT 直下为天枢骨者一个。（无髓。）锁下之左右为缺盆骨二。（有势多液。）左缺盆之前为下厌骨者一个。（无髓。）右缺盆前之下为分骨者一个。（无髓。）厌善之后附下为仓骨者一个。（无髓。）仓之下左右为 骨者共八。（有势无液。） 之下左为胸骨者一个。（男子此骨大者好勇。）
之下右为荡骨者一个。（女人此骨大者则丈夫）胸之下为乌骨者一个。（男子此骨满者发早白。）荡之下为臆骨者一个。（此骨高多讹妄。）锁中之后为脊窳骨者共二十二。（上接天柱，有髓。）脊窳次下为大动骨者一个。（上通天柱，共二十四椎。）大动之端为归下骨者一个。（道家谓之尾闾。）归下之后为篡骨者一个。（此骨能限精液。）归下之前为 骨者一个。（此处薄者多处贫下。）
再次，缺盆之下左右至衬骨，以二十五字关六十骨。（此下只分两手臂至十指之端众骨。）
支其缺盆之后为伛甲骨者左右共二。（有势多液。）伛甲之端为甲隐骨者左右共二。（此骨长则至贤。）前支缺盆为飞动骨者左右共二。（此骨薄病痱缓。）次飞动之左为龙 骨者一个。（有势无髓无液。）次飞动之右为虎冲骨者一个。（有势无髓无液。）龙 之下为龙本骨者一个。（有势有髓。）虎冲之下为虎端骨者一个。（有势有髓。）本端之下为腕也。龙本上内为进贤骨者一个。（男人此骨隆为名臣。）虎端上内为及爵骨者一个。（女人此骨高为命妇。）腕前左右为上力骨者共八。（有势多液。）次上力为驻骨者左右共十。（有势多液。）次驻骨为搦骨者左右共十。（有势多液。）次搦骨为助势骨者左右共十。（右助外为甲，左助外为爪。）爪甲之下各有衬骨左右共十。（无势无液。）
Falls, traumatic injuries, as well as human bites and tetanus (Tetanus), are all compiled in this section for easy reference and treatment.
Chen Yuan Gong stated: In cases of fractures caused by falls or trauma, fir wood or fir boards must be used to align the fractured bones correctly, which should then be bound firmly with rope to prevent deviation or curvature, followed by bandaging with cloth. One must not soften due to the patient's pain and loosen the fixation, as this would cause further harm. Subsequently, internal medicines should be administered; if the skin is broken and bleeding occurs, external treatments are necessary. However, if it is merely a fracture without external skin injury, external medication is not strictly required, yet combining internal and external treatments is undoubtedly superior. The primary principle of internal treatment should be to invigorate blood and dispel stasis; if blood circulation is not restored, stasis will not dissipate, and if stasis does not dissipate, bone healing cannot occur. Xu Gu Shen Dan (Divine Elixir for Bone Continuation): Dang Gui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix) 2 liang, Da Huang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma) 5 qian, Sheng Di Huang (Rehmanniae Radix), Bai Bie Jia Mo (Testudinis Carapacis et Plastratis Pulvis), Bai Shao (Paeoniae Radix Alba) each 1 liang, Mu Dan Pi (Moutan Cortex) 3 qian, Tao Ren (Persicae Semen) 30 pieces, Xu Duan (Dipsaci Radix), Niu Xi (Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix), Ru Xiang Mo (Olibanum Pulvis), Mo Yao Mo (Myrrhae Pulvis), Hong Hua (Carthami Flos) each 2 qian, Yang Zhi Zhu (Daphnes Genkwa Flower) 1 qian. Decoct in water and take orally. After one dose, stasis is removed and new blood generated, allowing bones to knit; remove Da Huang thereafter, continue taking for four doses for complete recovery. For external application, it is excellent to sprinkle powder onto plasters and apply to the wound. Quan Ti Shen Gao (Divine Ointment for the Whole Body): Dang Gui, Sheng Di Huang, Hong Hua each 2 liang, Niu Xi, Xu Duan, Liu Ji Nu (Siphonostegiae Herba), Di Yu (Sanguisorbae Radix), Qian Cao (Rubiae Cordifoliae Radix), Mu Gua (Chaenomelis Fructus), Xiao Ji (Cirsii Herba), Ren Shen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma), Chuan Xiong (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma), Bai Zhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma), Huang Qin (Scutellariae Radix) each 1 liang, Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) 5 qian, Sang Mu Zhi (Mori Ramulus) 4 liang, Xing Ren (Armeniacae Semen Amarum), Zao Jiao (Gleditsiae Fructus), Chai Hu (Bupleuri Radix), Jing Jie (Schizonepetae Herba) each 3 qian. Boil 3 jin of Ma You (Sesami Oleum) for several boils, filter through hemp cloth to remove dregs, and boil again until it forms beads when dropped into water. Add 1 jin 4 liang of Huang Dan (Lithargyrum) that has been washed in water, and collect into an ointment; do not overcook. Then, use Zi Ran Tong (Pyritum) soaked in vinegar and calcined seven times, Hai Piao Xiao (Sepiae Endoconcha), Ru Xiang, Hua Rui Shi (Porphyrostictis Lapis) each 3 qian, Mo Yao 2 qian, Qi Lin Xie (Drachmae Sanguis) 5 qian, Bai La (Cera Flava) 1 liang, grind into fine powder. While the ointment is still warm, add the powder, stir evenly with a mulberry stick, and store in a ceramic vessel. When needed, heat and spread thinly; each sheet weighs about 1 liang. Before spreading, add Sheng Jin Dan (Golden Victory Powder): She Xiang (Moschus), Hua Rui Shi, Xiang Pi (Elephantis Cutis) each 3 qian, Xue Jie (Drachmae Sanguis) 3 liang, Ru Xiang, Hai Piao Xiao, Mo Yao, Zhang Nao (Camphora), Ren Shen, Mu Er Hui (Ash of Auricularia Auricula-Judae), San Qi Root (Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma), Er Cha (Catechu) each 1 liang, Gu Duan Shi (Ferri Limonitas), Zi Shi Ying (Fluoritum) each 2 liang, Zi Ran Tong, Bing Pian (Borneolum Syntheticum), Gan Di Shi (Aspidistrae Rhizoma Dryus), Gan Da Fen (Human Excrement Dryus), Hu Po (Electrum) each 1 qian, Sheng Gan Cao 5 qian, Tu Gou (Mole) 10, grind finely and mix uniformly, store tightly in a porcelain bottle. Use 3 qian of this powder sprinkled on each plaster sheet for application. Generally, two sheets are not needed for bone setting; only use two for severe cases. This is an extraordinarily effective prescription. If bones are not damaged, simply applying plasters is sufficient, without needing Sheng Jin Dan. These three prescriptions for internal and external treatment possess indescribable efficacy; treating both internally and externally yields results within days. With these three prescriptions, no fracture is incurable. (From *Bing Jian*)
*Dan Xin* stated: For wounds caused by metal weapons and fractures, cold water must not be consumed. Blood congeals upon contact with cold; if it enters the heart, death ensues.
Jiang Shi Ji stated: For traumatic injuries where tendons are severed and bleeding persists, Du Sheng San (Sole Victory Powder) is the primary treatment. (From *Shuo Yue*)
Feng Lu Zhan stated: If a pregnant woman suffers from falls or trauma, the primary treatment should be to eliminate stagnant blood and promote new blood generation; Fo Shou San (Buddha's Hand Powder) is most effective. If abdominal pain occurs, add Yi Mu Cao (Leonuri Herba) for administration; if pain ceases, both mother and child are safe. If the fetus is already damaged, the debris will be expelled together; add Tong Bian (Infant Urine) processed Xiang Fu (Cyperi Rhizoma), Yi Mu Cao, and Chen Pi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium), decoct into a thick juice for drinking. If falling from a height causes abdominal pain, bleeding, and restlessness, add Sheng Di Huang and Huang Qin to tonify and stabilize. If abdominal pain and bleeding result from falls, add Ren Shen, Bai Zhu, Chen Pi, Bai Fu Ling (Poria), Zhi Gan Cao (Honey-fried Licorice), and Sha Ren (Amomi Fructus) powder to protect the pregnancy. If abortion occurs with excessive bleeding, leading to faintness and impending collapse with a large but weak pulse, administer strong Du Shen Tang (Single Ginseng Decoction) mixed with infant urine. Spontaneous abortion originates from severe deficiency of qi and blood; now, post-partum, the deficiency is exacerbated, so regulation and tonification are even more critical than after normal delivery.
*Sù Wèn* states: When someone falls from a height, evil blood remains inside, causing abdominal fullness and distension, and inability to pass stool or urine. First, administer purgative drugs. This indicates injury to the Jueyin meridian above and the Shaoyin collaterals below. Acupuncture at the vessels anterior to Ran Gu (BL64) below the medial malleolus, and the artery on the dorsum of the foot. If ineffective, prick the hair tufts on the toes until bleeding occurs. Treat left side by needling right, and right side by needling left. For symptoms of sadness, fear, and unhappiness, follow the same acupuncture method. (From *Miao Ci Lun*)
*Ling Shu* states: Falling from a height leaves evil blood inside; combined with extreme anger, qi rises but fails to circulate, accumulating under the hypochondrium and injuring the Liver. Additionally, wind-stroke accompanied by blows or falls, or intercourse while drunk with sweat exposed to wind, injures the Spleen. Regarding headache, head points should not be selected if there has been a blow or fall with internal evil blood; if muscle pain persists, lateral needling is permissible, but distant points should not be taken. (From *Xie Qi Zang Fu Bing Xing* and *Jue Yin Pian*)
*Ling Shu* states: Injury to the body with excessive bleeding, followed by contraction of wind-cold, or falling from a height resulting in flaccid limbs unable to hold themselves, is termed "Ti Duo" (Body Lethargy). Treat by selecting San Jie Jiao (Three Intersections) below the umbilicus, belonging to the Yangming and Taiyin meridians. Three cun below the umbilicus is Guan Yuan (CV4). (San Jie Jiao refers to Guan Yuan. From *Han Re Pian*)
*Nei Jing* states: A liver pulse that is firm and long, without greenish discoloration of the face, indicates injury from falling. If the pulsation is due to blood trapped under the hypochondrium, it causes vomiting and regurgitation.
*Jin Gui* states: A cunkou pulse that is floating, minute, and choppy indicates loss of blood or sweating. If there is no sweating, but there are wounds from knives or axes, it is due to blood loss.
*Mai Jing* states: Falling from a height with internal blood stasis and abdominal fullness; a firm and strong pulse indicates survival, while a small and weak pulse indicates death.
Li Dong Yuan stated: Falling from a height leaves evil blood inside. Physicians often ignore the twelve meridians and treat it as wind-stroke, assuming liver meridian stasis under the hypochondrium. Since blood is generated by the Liver, evil blood inevitably returns to the Liver, regardless of which meridian was injured, it stays under the hypochondrium because the Liver governs blood. Severe pain leads to spontaneous sweating. Since sweating is associated with wind, and all winds belong to Liver Wood, especially when congealed bad blood enters the Liver against its nature. Falling from a height reverses the upward flow of qi and blood, which belongs to the Liver. Unless it is wind-stroke without sweating, the presence of sweating implies transformation by wind. Therefore, treat with blood-breaking and meridian-unblocking herbs. Cold-natured formulas should not be used lightly. (From *Yi Xue Fa Ming Lun*)
Liu Zong Nong stated: Traumatic injuries from blows or metal weapons are external injuries not caused by internal qi movement, but by physical objects damaging flesh, blood, tendons, and bones, unlike diseases from six excesses or seven emotions which have distinctions between qi and blood levels. Thus, trauma is primarily discussed in terms of blood, distinguishing between blood stasis retention and excessive blood loss. Falls and bumps without skin breakage necessarily involve internal damage and blood stasis. Metal weapon wounds breaking skin and bleeding may cause excessive blood loss. These two conditions require different treatments: stasis requires purging and draining, while blood loss requires tonification alongside regulation. One must also consider the location (upper/lower), severity, depth, and differences in meridian qi-blood abundance. First, eliminate stasis, unblock meridians, harmonize blood, and stop pain; then regulate qi, nourish blood, and tonify stomach qi. This approach is invariably effective.
*Mai Jing* states: For knife wounds or falls, if the pulse does not correspond to the condition, death ensues.
Director Dai stated: Falling unconscious is called "Dian"; striking with hands is called "Pu". Both cause similar damage.
He further stated: The general principle divides deficiency and excess based on blood stasis or loss, applying tonification or purgation accordingly. However, one must assess the severity of injury. Mild injuries disrupt qi and blood, causing stagnation and pain; treat by guiding qi and moving blood. Severe injuries damage tendons and fracture bones; treat by continuing tendons and knitting bones, requiring three to four months of treatment for recovery. More severe cases involve internal stagnation of qi and blood, blocking true qi, leading to death; urgently drain blood and unblock stagnation, and there may be a chance of cure.
*Shang Sun Lun* stated: Trauma requires identifying the source, assessing disease severity, and examining injury depth. From head to toe, cuts, beats, falls, and blade wounds all occur. Each type has specific treatments. Some require releasing the exterior and interior before administering trauma medicine; physicians must follow these principles. Medicine relies on intuition; without it, one is not a good physician. Ignorant people fail to observe severity or depth, administering trauma medicine before regulating exterior-interior dynamics, causing much error. This can lead to phlegm attacking upwards or closure of zang-fu organs. A slight error leads to great deviation. As the saying goes, "If a doctor does not practice for three generations, do not take his medicine," this is true. Brain bone injuries must be protected from wind and water to prevent tetanus. Crushed brain bone injuries on hard surfaces are treatable; injuries to the Taiyang area are untreatable. Hairline injuries require shaving hair; if skin is intact and not hardened, apply medicine. Injuries to the brain, shoulders, occiput, or eyebrows are treatable. Eye injuries to the pupil are treatable if not shattered. Crown injuries are difficult to treat. Depressed nasal injuries are treatable despite bleeding. Broken or loose teeth can be treated by rubbing with powdered charred Tribulus root. Severe thyroid cartilage injury with soft throat rupture is untreatable; if soup can enter the stomach, it is treatable; if vomited out, untreatable. Unilateral limb fractures are treatable; bilateral limb fractures are untreatable. Abdominal injuries with eviscerated intestines are treatable unless the intestine is completely severed. If intestines protrude, have the patient rest their hand on the doctor's shoulder, guide the intestines back using sesame oil to lubricate the wound, induce sneezing with Tong Guan San (Pass the Gate Powder) blown into the nose to help retraction, suture skin and flesh with mulberry bark thread, apply sealing medicine, and cover with Bu Ji San (Muscle-Replenishing Powder) mixed with egg white. If there is a small hole in the intestine, shine a lamp; if gas shoots toward the light, it is untreatable. Ru Xiang and Mo Yao are essential in trauma formulas for their ability to disperse blood and stop pain. Zi Ran Tong should not be used initially; it is suitable for fractures but not for non-fractured injuries. New fire-calcined Zi Ran Tong carries fire and metal toxins that interact with aromatic-hot herbs, causing dryness and dispersion worse than swords; caution is advised. Trauma treatment excels in tonifying qi and blood; ignorant doctors seeking quick results overuse Zi Ran Tong, leading to chronic ailments. Initial trauma treatment uses Su Mu (Sappanwood) to invigorate blood, Huang Lian (Coptidis Rhizoma) to clear fire, Bai Zhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma) to harmonize the middle, decocted with infant urine. Lower injuries allow purging stasis but require prior support; upper injuries benefit from leek juice or porridge. Never drink cold water, as blood congeals in cold; even a drop entering the heart causes death.
Ten Untreatable Conditions: Head trauma with lung injury, even if not immediately fatal, is unlikely to survive fourteen days (First); penetrating injury to the left hypochondrium (Second); intestinal injury half-severed is treatable, fully severed is untreatable (Third); penetrating injury to the lower abdomen (Fourth); complex syndrome patterns (Fifth); pulse is empty and heavy (Sixth); elderly person with crushed left femur (Seventh); genital injury (Eighth); complete blood loss (Ninth); penetrating injury to the inner shoulder or behind the ear (Tenth). Do not use medicine for these. (From *De Xiao*)
Feng Lu Zhan stated: Falls and traumas, though externally caused, inevitably lead to internal injury, causing qi-blood stagnation, redness, swelling, or bruising, with unbearable pain. Initially, use sweet, acrid, warm dispersants to move qi and break stasis, so pain subsides and swelling resolves. Examples include Du Huo (Angelicae Pubescentis Radix), Bai Zhi (Angelicae Dahuricae Radix), Jing Jie, Fang Feng (Saposhnikoviae Radix), Chuan Xiong, Dang Gui, Mo Yao, ancient coins, Lu Jiao Hui (Cervi Cornus Degelatinati Colla), Su Mu, Chi Shao (Paeoniae Radix Rubra), Hong Hua. Decoct in water and wine, adding infant urine is excellent. Once external trauma heals, continue with tonics for qi, blood, tendons, and bones. (From *Jin Nang*)
He further stated: Limbs rely entirely on qi and blood; trauma requires supplementation. Upper body injuries first resolve stasis; lower body injuries first require tonification. Assess stomach qi. If blood loss is excessive with a faint, near-collapse pulse, Du Shen Tang with infant urine is urgent to restore yuan qi. In cases of cold limbs and faint pulse, large doses of Ren Shen, Bai Zhu, and Fu Zi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata) are needed to rescue, similar to postpartum conditions. A harmonious pulse indicates survival; rapid, hollow pulse indicates death. Pulse should be deficient and fine, not rapid and excess. Remember to avoid wind.
Chen Shi Gong stated: Falls are divided into broken and unbroken skin, and into blood loss and blood stasis. Falling from a height without skin damage necessarily causes stasis to flow into zang-fu organs, leading to coma and difficulty in urination and defecation. Treat with Da Cheng Tang (Great Success Decoction) to unblock bowels and bladder; the patient will awaken. If unresponsive, use Du Shen Tang for rescue. (From *Zheng Zong*)
While medication principles for trauma must be accurate, manual reduction techniques must not be rash. Below is a list of the 365 bone joints of the human body, described using 165 characters:
Starting from above the clavicle as the head, extending left, right, front, and back to the Yuan Gu (Hyoid/Neck bone area), 49 characters describe 72 bones.
The top of the head is the Du Lu Gu (Skull Cap) - 1 piece. (Has structure, slight marrow and fluid.)
Below the skull is the Lou Gu (Cranial Vault) - 1 piece. (Has structure, slight marrow.) Anterior to the Lou is the Ding Wei Gu (Vertex Bone) - 1 piece. (Slight marrow, absent in women.) Posterior to the Lou is the Nao Gu (Brain Bone/Occipital) - 1 piece. (Has structure, slight marrow.) Left of the brain is the Zhen Gu (Occipital Condyle) - 1 piece. (Has structure, no fluid.) Attached below the Zhen is the Tian Gai Gu (Sky Cover Bone/Base of Skull) - 1 piece. (Base for lung connections.) Behind the Tian Gai is the Tian Zhu Gu (Sky Pillar/Cervical Vertebrae) - 1 piece. (Connects to spinal marrow.) Anterior to the cover is the Yan Gu (Speech Bone/Hyoid) - 1 piece. (Connects to skull above, has structure, no marrow.) Below the Yan are the She Ben Gu (Tongue Root Bones) - 2 pieces (left/right). (Hot, no marrow.) Anterior to the Lou is the Xin Gu (Fontanelle Bone) - 1 piece. (No structure, no marrow.) Below the Xin is the Fu Wei Gu (Hidden委 Bone) - 1 piece. (Commonly misnamed Fu Xi Gu. No structure, no marrow.) Below Fu Wei is the Jun Gu (Elegant Bone/Frontal Eminence) - 1 piece. (Attached to brow area. No structure, no marrow.) Above the left brow is the Tian Xian Gu (Heavenly Sage Bone) - 1 piece. (No structure, no marrow.) Above the right brow is the Tian Gui Gu (Heavenly Noble Bone) - 1 piece. (Above eyes. No structure, no marrow.) Above the left eye is the Zhi Gong Gu (Wisdom Palace Bone) - 1 piece. (No structure, no marrow.) Above the right eye is the Ming Men Gu (Gate of Life Bone) - 1 piece. (No structure, no marrow. Between eyes below is the nose.) Anterior to the nose is the Liang Gu (Bridge Bone/Nasal Bone) - 1 piece. (No structure, no marrow.) Left of the Liang is the Quan Gu (Cheekbone/Zygomatic) - 1 piece. (Has structure, no marrow.) Right of the Liang is the [Missing Character] Gu - 1 piece. (Has structure, no marrow.) At the end of the Liang is the Song Zhu Gu (Pillar Bone/Nasion) - 1 piece. (No structure, no marrow.)
Left ear is the Si Zheng Gu (Guarding Justice Bone/Mastoid) - 1 piece. (No structure, no marrow.) Right ear is the Na Xie Gu (Receiving Evil Bone/Mastoid) - 1 piece. (No structure, no marrow.) Behind Si and Na are the Wan Gu (Complete Bones/Mastoids) - 2 pieces total. (No structure, no marrow.) Attached internally above Si/Na is the Ti Gu (Sneeze Bone) - 1 piece. (No structure, little saliva.) Above Ti are the Tong Gu (Connecting Bones) - 4 pieces total (left/right/front/back). (Has structure, little fluid.) Above Tong is the HT Gu - 1 piece. (No structure, much fluid; HT connects to mandible.) Left mandible is the Cheng Gu (Mount Bone) - 1 piece. (Has structure, much fluid.) Right mandible is the Che Gu (Cart Bone/Jaw) - 1 piece. (Has structure, much fluid.) Behind Cheng/Che are the Yuan Gu (Axle Bones/Hyoid/Thyroid area) - 2 pieces total. (Has structure, has fluid.) Teeth emerge above/below Cheng/Che, 36 in total. (No structure, no marrow. Fewer in some individuals.)
Next, below the clavicle to the Dan Zhong (Chest Center) extending left/right/front/back, 40 characters describe 97 bones.
Below the Yuan Gu are the Ling Gu (Clavicles) - 2 pieces. (Much fluid.) In the center of the lock is the Hui Yan Gu (Epiglottis Bone) - 1 piece. (No structure, no marrow.) Below the Ling are the Yan Gu (Pharynx Bones) - 3 pieces total (left/center/right). (No marrow.) Below the Yan are the Hou Gu (Larynx Bones) - 3 pieces total. (No marrow.) Below the Hou are the Long Gu (Throat Bones) - 10 pieces total in a ring. (No marrow.) Inside below the Long are the Fei Xi Gu (Lung Connection Bones) - 12 pieces total. (No structure, no marrow.) Behind the Fei Xi is the Gu Gu (Valley Bone/Trachea?) - 1 piece. (No marrow.) Below Gu are the KT Dao Gu (KT Passage Bones/Bronchi?) - 2 pieces total. (No marrow.) Outside Long below are the Shun Gu (Smooth Bones/Ribs?) - 8 pieces. (Little fluid.) Ends of Shun are the Shun Yin Gu (Smooth Hidden Bones/Costal Cartilages?) - 8 pieces. (Little fluid.) Left below Shun is the Dong Gu (Hole Bone/Sternum Angle?) - 1 piece. (Absent in women.) Right below Shun is the Peng Gu (Canopy Bone/Sternum Body?) - 1 piece. (Absent in women.) Center below Dong/Peng is the KT Gu (KT Bone/Xiphoid) - 1 piece. (No marrow. Commonly called Jiu Wei.) Directly below KT is the Tian Shu Gu (Heavenly Pivot Bone/Sternal Angle?) - 1 piece. (No marrow.) Left/right below the lock are the Que Pen Gu (Empty Basin Bones/Clavicular Notches) - 2 pieces. (Has structure, much fluid.) Anterior to left Que Pen is the Xia Yan Gu (Lower Epiglottis Bone) - 1 piece. (No marrow.) Below anterior right Que Pen is the Fen Gu (Split Bone) - 1 piece. (No marrow.) Behind Yan attached below is the Cang Gu (Granary Bone/Sternum Manubrium?) - 1 piece. (No marrow.) Below Cang are the [Missing Character] Gu - 8 pieces total (left/right). (Has structure, no fluid.) Left below [Missing] is the Xiong Gu (Chest Bone/Sternum) - 1 piece. (Men with large bones are brave.)
Right below [Missing] is the Dang Gu (Swinging Bone/Costal Margin?) - 1 piece. (Women with large bones are masculine.) Below chest is the Wu Gu (Black Bone/Xiphoid Process?) - 1 piece. (Men with full bones go bald early.) Below Dang is the Yi Gu (Breastbone/Lower Sternum) - 1 piece. (High bones often indicate delusion.) Behind the lock center are the Ji Yu Gu (Spinal Marrow Bones/Thoracic Vertebrae) - 22 pieces total. (Connects to Tian Zhu, has marrow.) Below Ji Yu is the Da Dong Gu (Great Moving Bone/Lumbar Vertebra?) - 1 piece. (Connects to Tian Zhu, total 24 vertebrae.) End of Da Dong is the Gui Xia Gu (Return Below Bone/Sacrum/Coccyx?) - 1 piece. (Daoists call it Wei Lu.) Behind Gui Xia is the Cuan Gu (Cut Bone/Coccyx Tip?) - 1 piece. (Limits essence/fluid.) Anterior to Gui Xia is the [Missing Character] Gu - 1 piece. (Thin here indicates poverty.)
Next, below Que Pen to the Chen Gu (Padding Bone) on left/right, 25 characters describe 60 bones. (This section covers only the arms down to the fingertips.)
Behind supporting Que Pen are the Yu Jia Gu (Hunchback Armor Bones/Scapulae) - 2 pieces total. (Has structure, much fluid.) Ends of Yu Jia are the Jia Yin Gu (Armor Hidden Bones/Acromion?) - 2 pieces total. (Long bones indicate wisdom.) Anterior supporting Que Pen are the Fei Dong Gu (Flying Moving Bones/Collarbone ends?) - 2 pieces total. (Thin bones indicate paralysis/weakness.) Left of Fei Dong is the Long [Missing] Gu (Dragon [Missing] Bone/Humerus?) - 1 piece. (Has structure, no marrow/fluid.) Right of Fei Dong is the Hu Chong Gu (Tiger Rushing Bone/Humerus?) - 1 piece. (Has structure, no marrow/fluid.) Below Long is the Long Ben Gu (Dragon Root Bone/Humerus Shaft?) - 1 piece. (Has structure, has marrow.) Below Hu Chong is the Hu Duan Gu (Tiger End Bone/Ulna/Radius?) - 1 piece. (Has structure, has marrow.) Below Ben/Duan is the wrist. Inner above Long Ben is the Jin Xian Gu (Advancing Sage Bone/Radius?) - 1 piece. (Men with prominent bones become famous ministers.) Inner above Hu Duan is the Ji Jue Gu (Attaining Rank Bone/Ulna?) - 1 piece. (Women with high bones become noble ladies.) Anterior to wrist are the Shang Li Gu (Upper Strength Bones/Carpals) - 8 pieces total. (Has structure, much fluid.) Next Shang Li are the Zhu Gu (Stationary Bones/Metacarpals?) - 10 pieces total. (Has structure, much fluid.) Next Zhu are the Nuo Gu (Grasping Bones/Proximal Phalanges?) - 10 pieces total. (Has structure, much fluid.) Next Nuo are the Zhu Shi Gu (Supporting Power Bones/Middle Distal Phalanges?) - 10 pieces total. (Right outer is nail, left outer is claw.) Below nails/claws are the Chen Gu (Padding Bones) - 10 pieces total (left/right). (No structure, no fluid.)