味甘，性寒无毒，入肺经。止渴生津，益气散郁。
按∶丹溪云∶兰叶禀金水之精，故入肺脏。昔东垣方中尝用之，经谓消渴治之以兰是也，
今
味辛酸，性寒无毒，入肺小肠二经。消水肿，利小便，逐风寒，堪浴遍身疮痒，发汗甚
于麻黄。
按∶水萍入肺，故主祛风。入小肠，故主祛湿。此是水中大萍，非沟渠所生者。高供奉
采萍歌云∶不在山，不在岸，采我之时七月半。选甚瘫风与痪风，些小微风都不算。豆淋酒
下二三丸，铁袱头儿都出汗。以此观之，其功甚于麻黄可知矣！
味咸苦甘，性平无毒，入肝经。主青盲赤白翳膜，时有泪出，除肝热，疗头风，研末涂
肿毒，贴脑止鼻红， 实为使，恶大麻子。
按∶决明专入厥阴，以除风热，故为眼科要药。鼻红肿毒，咸血热也。宜其疗矣。
味甘辛，有小毒，入脾大肠二经。主水腹腹满，脏腑燥热，无名肿毒，敷之可消；口眼
斜，敷之可正；涂足心，下胞胎如神；涂巅顶，收生肠甚捷。忌见铁器，服过者一生忌食
豆，误犯之腹胀猛甚。叶，主香港脚风肿不仁，捣蒸传之。
按∶丹溪云∶蓖麻子属阴，故入太阴阳明，以驱水满，以催产难固矣！而无名肿毒热也；
口眼 斜，风也。何并治之，岂其辛甘发散之功耶？
雷公云∶凡使勿用黑天赤利子，缘在地蒌上生，是以有毒。其蓖麻子形似巴豆而光滑，
有黄黑斑点，凡使先须和皮用盐汤浸半日，去皮取肉，研过用。
兰叶：味甘，性寒，无毒，归肺经。能止渴生津，益气解郁。
按语：朱丹溪说：兰叶禀受金、水二气的精华，所以入肺脏。过去李东垣的方剂中曾经使用它，《黄帝内经》中说治疗消渴病用兰草，就是指的这个。现在
浮萍：味辛、甘，性寒，无毒，归肺、小肠二经。能消除水肿，通利小便，驱散风寒，可用于全身疮疡瘙痒的洗浴，发汗作用甚至超过麻黄。
按语：浮萍入肺经，所以主要功效是祛风；入小肠经，所以主要功效是祛湿。这是生长在水中的大浮萍，不是生长在沟渠里的。高供奉采集浮萍的歌谣说：“不在山上，不在岸边，采摘的时候是七月半。无论是瘫痪风还是痪风，稍微有点微风都不算病。用豆淋酒送服二三丸，铁包袱头都能出汗。”由此看来，它的功效确实比麻黄还要强！
决明子：味咸、苦、甘，性平，无毒，归肝经。主治青盲（视力减退）、赤白翳膜，时常流泪，清除肝热，治疗头风，研成粉末涂抹可治肿毒，贴于脑部可止鼻出血。实为引经使药，畏大麻子（蓖麻子）。
按语：决明专入厥阴肝经，以祛除风热，所以是眼科的重要药物。鼻部红肿毒，属于血热所致。适宜用它来治疗。
蓖麻子：味甘、辛，有小毒，归脾、大肠二经。主治水气腹胀、腹部胀满，脏腑燥热，无名肿毒，外敷可以消散；口眼歪斜，外敷可以使面部端正；涂于足心，催生下胎如神效；涂于头顶，收摄脱出的直肠非常快捷。忌接触铁器，服用过者一生忌食豆类，误犯会导致腹胀猛烈加重。叶子，主治脚气风肿麻木，捣碎蒸熟后热敷患处。
按语：朱丹溪说：蓖麻子属阴，所以入太阴、阳明经，以驱除水气胀满，用于催产难产是确定的！而无名肿毒属于热证；口眼歪斜属于风证。为什么能同时治疗？难道是因为它辛甘发散的功效吗？
雷公说：凡使用不要选用黑天赤痢子，因为它生长在地的蒌藤上，所以有毒。蓖麻子形状像巴豆但表面光滑，有黄黑斑点。凡使用必须先带皮用盐水浸泡半天，去皮取肉，研磨后使用。
Lanye (Euphorbiae Humifusae Herba): Sweet in taste, cold in nature, non-toxic, enters the Lung Meridian. It can stop thirst and generate body fluids, benefit Qi and dissipate depression.
Commentary: Zhu Danxi said: Lanye inherits the essence of Metal and Water, thus entering the Lung Zang. In the past, it was used in Li Dongyuan's prescriptions; the *Huangdi Neijing* states that Xiao Ke (Wasting-Thirst) is treated with Lan Cao (Orchid Rhizome), which refers to this. Currently...
Fuping (Pistiae Herba): Pungent and sweet in taste, cold in nature, non-toxic, enters the Lung and Small Intestine meridians. It reduces edema, promotes urination, expels wind-cold, and is suitable for bathing to treat generalized pruritus due to sores; its diaphoretic effect is even stronger than Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba).
Commentary: Fuping enters the Lung, hence its primary function is dispelling wind; it enters the Small Intestine, hence its primary function is dispelling dampness. This refers to the large duckweed growing in water, not that growing in ditches. Gong Fengfu's song on harvesting duckweed says: "Not on the mountain, not on the shore, harvested in the middle of July. Whether it is paralysis or wind-stroke, even a slight breeze is insignificant. Taken with Dou Lin Jiu (Soybean-Infused Wine), two or three pills will cause sweating from an iron-wrapped head." From this, it can be seen that its efficacy surpasses that of Mahuang!
Juemingzi (Cassiae Semen): Salty, bitter, and sweet in taste, neutral in nature, non-toxic, enters the Liver Meridian. It treats Qing Mang (blindness/visual impairment), red and white nebulae, frequent tearing, clears Liver heat, treats Tou Feng (head wind/headache), and when ground into powder and applied, it treats swelling and toxins; applied to the brain region, it stops epistaxis. It acts as a guiding herb (Shi Yao), and is incompatible with Damaizi (Ricini Semen).
Commentary: Juemingzi specifically enters the Jueyin Liver meridian to dispel wind-heat, making it an essential drug for ophthalmology. Nasal redness, swelling, and toxin are due to blood heat, making it suitable for treatment with this herb.
Bimazi (Ricini Semen): Sweet and pungent in taste, slightly toxic, enters the Spleen and Large Intestine meridians. It treats Shui Fu (water distension) and abdominal fullness, dryness and heat in the Zang-Fu organs, and unnamed swellings/toxins; topical application can resolve them. For Kou Yan Xie Pi (facial paralysis with deviation of mouth and eye), topical application can correct it; applied to the sole of the foot, it assists in delivering the fetus like magic; applied to the vertex, it rapidly retracts prolapsed rectum. Avoid contact with ironware; those who have taken it must avoid eating beans for life, otherwise severe abdominal distension will occur. The leaves treat Hong Kong Jiao (podagra/gout-like swelling) and wind-swelling with numbness; they should be crushed, steamed, and applied as a compress.
Commentary: Zhu Danxi said: Bimazi belongs to Yin, thus entering the Taiyin and Yangming meridians to drive out water distension; its use in inducing labor for difficult delivery is established! Unnamed swellings/toxins are heat syndromes; facial deviation is a wind syndrome. Why does it treat both? Is it due to its pungent and sweet dispersing action?
Lei Gong said: When using, do not select Heitian Chilizhi (a toxic look-alike), because it grows on Di Lou vines and is therefore toxic. Bimazi resembles Badou (Crotonis Fructus) but is smooth with yellow-black spots. Before use, it must first be soaked in salt water for half a day with the skin on, then the skin is removed, the meat is taken, and it is ground for use.