味辛，性大热有毒，入肺大肠脾胃肾五经。生者味辛，能行血，逐寒邪而发表。熟者
味苦，能止血，除胃冷而守中，沉寒痼冷。肾中无阳，脉气欲绝者，用黑附为引。
按∶干姜之辛，本职肺家，其以性热，故又入脾胃大肠。至于少阴之入，黑附为之引耳。
夫血遇热则走，生者行之，固其宜也。而吐衄下血崩漏淋产证，熟者反能止之，何也？盖物
极则反，血去多而阴不复，则阳无所附，得此以助阳之生，而阴复矣。曰∶见火则味苦色黑，
守而不走，血安得不止耶？然必病久气虚，亡阳而多盗汗，及手足冷者宜用，若初病火炽，
遽尔投之，是抱薪救火，危亡立至矣！可不谨乎？丹溪曰∶干姜散肺气，同五味能止嗽，治
血
虚发热。该与补阴药同用。入肺中利肺气，入肾中燥下湿，入气分引血药入血也。东垣云∶
多用能耗元气，壮火食气故也。干姜辛热，皆言补脾，海藏独言泄脾，何也？泄之一字，非
泄脾之正气，是泄脾中寒湿之邪。盖以辛热之剂燥之，故曰泄脾也。生者能堕胎。
味辛甘，性温无毒，入肺脾二经。主下气消食，除痰止嗽，解渴化癖。捣汁磨墨，堪止
吐血；熟者补脾。其子下气犹捷，有推墙倒壁之功；水研可吐风痰；醋研可敷恶毒。俗名萝
卜，解面毒。
按∶莱菔辛宣肺部，甘走脾家，故两入之。生者下气，多食耗血，以辛多于甘也。熟者
补脾，多食滞气，以甘多于辛也。其子力倍，虚者戒之。
【干姜】
味辛，性大热且有毒，归肺、大肠、脾、胃、肾五经。生干姜味辛，能通行血脉，驱逐寒邪并发散表邪。熟干姜（炮姜）味苦，能止血，消除胃中寒冷并固守中焦，适用于沉寒痼冷（深伏体内的顽固寒邪）、肾中阳气不足、脉气即将断绝的病症，此时需用黑附子作为引经药。
按语：干姜的辛味主要作用于肺脏，因其性热，所以又进入脾、胃、大肠经。至于进入少阴经（心肾），则是依靠黑附子的引导。血液遇到热则运行加速，生干姜能行血，这符合常理。而在呕吐、鼻衄（鼻出血）、便血、崩漏（非经期大量阴道出血）、淋证及产后出血等证候中，熟干姜反而能止血，这是为什么呢？这是因为物极必反，当失血过多导致阴液无法恢复时，阳气就无所依附，此时用干姜来助长阳气的生成，从而使阴液得以复生。所谓“见火则味苦色黑”，指干姜经过炮制后守而不走，血液怎么能不止呢？但是，必须用于病程长久、气虚、亡阳且多盗汗，以及手足冰冷的患者。如果是初病火气炽盛，就立即投用干姜，这如同抱柴救火，危险和死亡立刻就会到来！怎能不谨慎呢？朱丹溪说：干姜能疏散肺气，与五味子同用能止咳，治疗血虚发热，应当与补阴药一同使用。干姜入肺中能利肺气，入肾中能燥除下焦湿气，入气分中能引导血药进入血分。李东垣说：多用干姜会耗损元气，因为壮火（过盛的阳气/火热）会食气。干姜辛热，大家都说是补脾，唯独海藏（张元素）说是泄脾，为什么呢？这个“泄”字，不是泄脾的正气，而是泄除脾中的寒湿之邪。因为用辛热的药物来燥湿，所以称为泄脾。生干姜能导致堕胎。
【莱菔】
味辛甘，性温，无毒，归肺、脾二经。主治降气消食，除痰止咳，解渴化积。捣汁磨墨，可以止吐血；熟莱菔能补脾。其种子（莱菔子）降气作用更为迅速，有推墙倒壁般的强力；用水研磨可吐出风痰；用醋研磨可敷治恶毒疮疡。俗名萝卜，能解面毒（面食引起的不适或毒性）。
按语：莱菔辛味宣散肺部，甘味走守脾家，所以同时进入这两经。生莱菔能降气，多吃会耗血，因为辛多于甘。熟莱菔能补脾，多吃会滞气，因为甘多于辛。其种子的力量加倍，体虚者应忌用。
[Radix Zingiberis Preparata (Ganjiang / Dried Ginger)]
Pungent in taste, excessively hot in nature, and slightly toxic. It enters the Lung, Large Intestine, Spleen, Stomach, and Kidney meridians. Raw Ganjiang is pungent; it can promote blood circulation, expel cold pathogens, and release the exterior. Prepared Ganjiang (Pao Jiang) is bitter; it can stop bleeding, eliminate cold in the Stomach, and secure the Middle Jiao. It is indicated for deep-seated chronic cold (Chen Han Gu Leng), absence of Yang Qi in the Kidney, and impending exhaustion of pulse Qi. In such cases, Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata (Hei Fu Zi / Black Prepared Aconite Root) should be used as a guiding herb.
Commentary: The pungency of Ganjiang primarily belongs to the Lung organ. Due to its hot nature, it also enters the Spleen, Stomach, and Large Intestine meridians. Its entry into the Shaoyin meridian (Heart and Kidney) is facilitated by the guidance of Hei Fu Zi. Blood accelerates when encountering heat; thus, raw Ganjiang promoting blood flow is consistent with natural principles. However, in conditions such as hematemesis (Tu Xue), epistaxis (Nu Xue), lower GI bleeding (Xia Xue), metrorrhagia (Beng Lou), strangury (Lin Zheng), and postpartum hemorrhage, prepared Ganjiang can actually stop bleeding. Why? Because things reverse when they reach an extreme. When excessive blood loss prevents Yin from recovering, Yang has no foundation. By using this herb to assist the generation of Yang, Yin can subsequently recover. It is said that "upon exposure to fire, the taste becomes bitter and color black," indicating that prepared Ganjiang is stabilizing and non-dispersive ("Shou Er Bu Zou"). How could bleeding not cease? Nevertheless, it must only be used for patients with long-standing illness, Qi deficiency, collapse of Yang with profuse night sweats, and cold extremities. If administered immediately during the initial stage of blazing fire-heat, it is like carrying firewood to save a fire; danger and death will ensue instantly. One must be cautious! Zhu Danxi stated: Ganjiang disperses Lung Qi; combined with Fructus Schisandrae (Wu Wei Zi), it stops cough and treats fever due to Blood deficiency. It should be used concurrently with Yin-nourishing herbs. Entering the Lung, it benefits Lung Qi; entering the Kidney, it dries dampness in the lower burner; entering the Qi level, it guides Blood-invigorating herbs into the Blood level. Li Dongyuan stated: Excessive use consumes Yuan Qi because vigorous fire (Zhuang Huo) consumes Qi. Ganjiang is pungent and hot. While all say it tonifies the Spleen, Haizang (Zhang Yuansu) alone says it drains the Spleen. Why? The term "drain" does not refer to draining the healthy Qi of the Spleen, but rather draining the pathogenic cold-dampness within the Spleen. Since pungent-hot agents are used to dry dampness, it is called "draining the Spleen." Raw Ganjiang can cause abortion.
[Raphani Semen / Laifu]
Pungent and sweet in taste, warm in nature, and non-toxic. It enters the Lung and Spleen meridians. It primarily directs Qi downward, aids digestion, eliminates phlegm, stops cough, relieves thirst, and resolves food stagnation. Crushed juice mixed with ink can stop hematemesis; cooked Raphani tonifies the Spleen. Its seed (Laifuzi) has an even more rapid Qi-directing effect, possessing the power to "push down walls and overturn battlements." Ground with water, it can induce vomiting of wind-phlegm; ground with vinegar, it can be applied externally to treat malignant sores. Commonly known as Luobo (Radish), it resolves toxicity from wheat flour products.
Commentary: The pungency of Laifu disperses the Lung, and its sweetness travels to the Spleen; hence, it enters both meridians. Raw Laifu directs Qi downward; excessive consumption depletes Blood because the pungency exceeds the sweetness. Cooked Laifu tonifies the Spleen; excessive consumption causes Qi stagnation because the sweetness exceeds the pungency. The potency of its seed is doubled; therefore, it is contraindicated for those with deficiency.