《经》曰∶阳明厥逆，喘咳身热，善惊衄吐血；又曰∶大怒则形气绝，而血苑于
上∶又曰∶脾移热于肝，则为惊衄，胞移热于膀胱，则癃而尿血；又曰∶结阴者，便血
一升，再结二升，三结三升。夫血者，生化于脾，总统于心，藏受于肝，宣布于肺，施
泄于肾，灌溉一身，目得之而能视、耳得之而能听，手得之而能摄，掌得之而能握，足
得之而能步，脏得之而能液，腑得之而能气，出入升降，濡润宣通，靡不由此也。饮
食日滋，故能阳生阴长，取汁变化而赤为血，注之于脉，充则实，少则涩，生旺，则
诸经恃此长养，衰竭，则百脉由此空虚，血盛则形盛，血弱则形衰，神静则阴生，形役
则阳亢，故血者，难成而易亏，失调则变生于反掌，火载则上行，挟湿则下行，为病种
种。妄行于上则吐衄，衰涸于中则虚劳，枯槁于外则消瘦，忘反于下则便红，移热膀胱
则溺血，渗透肠间为肠风，阴虚阳搏则为崩中，湿蒸热瘀则为滞下，热极腐化则为脏
血，火极似水，血多紫黑，热胜于阴则为疮疡，湿滞于血则为瘾疹，凝涩于皮肤则为冷
痹，蓄之在上则为妄，蓄之在下则为狂，跌扑损伤则瘀血内聚，血行清道出于鼻，血行
浊道出于口，咳血衄血出于肺，呕血出于肝，吐血出于胃，痰涎血出于脾，咯血出于
心，唾血出于肾。耳血曰 （音二），鼻血曰衄，肤血曰血汗，口鼻俱出曰脑衄，九窍
俱出曰大衄，便血清者属营虚有热，浊者属热与湿，色鲜者属火，黑者火极，血与泄物
并下者，属有积，或络脉伤也。尿血因房劳过度，阴虚火动，营血妄行，血色黑黯，面
色枯白，尺脉沉迟者，此下元虚冷，所谓阳虚阴必走也。有呕吐紫凝血者，《原病式》
云∶此非冷凝，由热甚销烁，以为稠浊，热甚则水化制之，故赤兼黑而紫也。有汗血
者，由大喜伤心，喜则气散，血随气行也。下血，先见血后见便为近血，自大肠来，先
有便后见血为远血、自肺胃来，肠胃本无血，由气虚肠薄，故血渗入而下出也。东垣
曰∶除伤寒家衄血外，凡杂病见血，多责其热，血上行为逆，其治难，下行为顺，其治
易，故血上行，或唾、或呕、或吐，忽变而下行为恶痢者，吉兆也。丹溪曰∶口鼻出
血，皆是阳盛阴衰，有升无降，血随气上，越出小窍，法当补阴抑阳，气降则血自归经
矣。有阳气虚本虚，复为寒凉伤之，以致肃杀之气，色脉并见沉而不浮，尺小于寸，右
弱于左，色夭而血黯者，用生脉散加肉桂一钱，熟附子一钱，甘草五分；继以理中八
味，相须间服，喘嗽痰血，皆为平复，故《三因方》云∶理中汤，能止伤胃吐血，以
其方最理中脘，分别阴阳，安定气血，凡患人果身受寒气，口食冷物，邪入血分，血得
冷而凝，不归经络而妄行者，其血必黑黯。其色必白而夭，其脉必微迟，其身必清凉，
不用姜桂，而用凉血之剂殆矣。
凡用药者，要认血来本原，不可妄治，以致变乱。夫治血，当明血出何经？不可概
曰吐血衄血，多是火载血上，错经妄行越出上窍，过用寒凉。夫火者，无形之气也，非
水可比，安能称载？盖血随气行，气利则血循经，气逆则血乱，气有余即是火也。实由
气逆而血妄行，兼于火化，因此为甚。《经》曰∶怒则气逆，甚则呕血，暴瘅内逆，肝肺
相搏，血溢鼻口是也。又东垣曰∶血妄行上出于鼻口者，皆气逆也。况血得寒则凝，得
热则行，见黑则止，迹此观之，治血若不行兼之调气，而纯以寒凉是施，则血不归经，
且为寒所凝滞，虽暂止而复来也。且脾统诸血，寒凉伤脾，脾虚尤不能约束诸血，其变
症可胜言哉！然调气更莫如导火，火归而气自顺矣。
吐血者，荣气溢入浊道，留聚膈间，满则吐血，名曰内衄。然先哲皆以为热，其因
于寒者，理亦有之，何则寒邪属阴？荣血亦属阴？风伤卫，寒伤荣，各从其类，人果身
受邪，口食寒物，邪入血分，郁遏内热，无从发泄，血乃沸腾在上则从口而出，在下则
从便而出。若此者，实病机之所有，焉得为尽无也。但其血色之黑，与吐血因热极而反
兼水化者相似，兹则宜于脉证间求之，脉微迟而身清凉者，寒也。洪数而身烦热者，热
也。寒则温之，热则清之，治法大不同矣。若吐血发渴者，名为血渴，宜四物汤，或十
全大补汤。
凡内伤暴吐血不止，或劳力过度，其血妄行出如涌泉，口鼻皆流，须臾不救，急用
人参一两，或二两，为细末，入飞罗面二钱，新汲水调如稀糊，不拘时啜服；或用独
参汤亦可。古方纯用补气，不入血药，何也？盖阳统乎阴，血随乎气，有形之血，不
能速生，无形之气，所当急固，令无形生出有形也。若有真阴失守，虚阳泛上，亦大吐
血，又须八味地黄汤，固其真阴，以引火归源，正不宜用人参，及火既引之而归矣。人
参又所不禁，阴阳不可不辨，而先后之分，神而明之，存乎其人，况人参虽谓补阳，乃
阳中之阴药。若与白术、黄 同用，峻补后天元气之阳，与附子、鹿茸同用，大补先天
元气之阳，与当归、地黄同用，则补阳中之阴，率领群阴之药，上至阳中之阴分，所佐
一异，功用便殊矣。
凡失血之后，必大发热，名曰血虚发热。古方立当归补血汤，用黄 一两，当归
二钱，名曰补血，而以黄 为君，阳旺能生阴血也。如丹溪于产后发热，用参、 、
归、芎，黑姜以佐之，或问曰，干姜辛热，何以用之？盖姜味辛，能引血药入气分而生
新血，况炒黑则止而不走。若不明此理，见其大热，六脉洪大，而误用发散之剂，或以
其象白虎汤症，而误用白虎，立见危殆，慎之哉！
曹氏云∶吐血须煎干姜、甘草作汤与服，或四物理中汤亦可，如此无不愈者。若
服生地黄、藕汁、竹茹去生便远。《仁斋直指》云∶血遇热则宣流，故止血多用凉药。
然有气虚挟寒，阴阳不相为守，荣气虚散，血亦错行，所谓阳虚阴必走耳。外必有虚冷
之状，法当温中，中温则血自归经络，可用理中汤加南木香，或干姜甘草汤。其效甚
着，又有饮食伤胃，或胃虚不能传化，其气逆上，亦能吐衄，木香理中汤，甘草、干姜
汤最宜，出血诸证，每以胃药收功，切不可投以苦寒之剂，故曰∶实火之血，顺气为
先，虚火之血，养正为先，气壮自能摄血也。
《褚氏遗书》云∶喉有窍，咳血杀人，肠有窍，便血杀人。便血犹可治，咳血不易
医，喉不容物，毫发必咳，血既渗入，愈渗愈咳，愈咳愈渗，饮溲溺者，百不一死，
（言之太过），服寒凉者，百不一生（的确之论），血虽阴类，运之者，其阳和乎，玩阳
和二字，褚氏深达阴阳之妙者矣。时珍曰∶小便性温不寒，饮之入胃，随脾之气，上归
于肺，下通水道，而入膀胱，乃其旧路，故能治肺病，引火下行。其味咸而走血，故治
血病。盒饭乘热即饮，则真气尚存，其行自速，冷则惟有咸寒之性而已。若炼成秋石，
则真元之气渐失，不及童便远矣。
海藏云∶胸中聚集之残火，腹里积久太阴，上下膈绝，脉络部分，阴阳不通，用苦
热以定于中，使辛热以行于外，升以甘温。降以辛润，化严肃为春温，变凛烈为和气，
汗而愈也。然余毒土苴犹有存者，周身阳
和，尚未泰然，胸中微躁而思凉饮，因食冷物，服凉剂，阳气复消，余阴再作，脉退而
小，弦细而迟，激而为衄血、吐血者有之，心肺受邪也，下而为便血、溺血者有之，肾
肝受邪也，三焦出血，色紫不鲜，此重沓寒湿，化毒凝泣，水谷道路浸溃而成。若见血
症，不详本末，便用凉折变乃生矣。
黄柏、知母既所禁用，治之将何如？若与前所论理中温中无异法，何必分真阴真阳
乎？殊不知温中者，理中焦也，非下焦也，此系下焦两肾中先天之真气，与心肺脾胃后
天有形之体，毫不相干，且干姜、甘草、当归等药，俱入不到肾经，惟仲景八味肾气丸
斯为对症，肾中一水一火，地黄壮水之主，桂附益火之原，水火既济之道，盖阴虚火动
者，乃肾中寒冷，龙宫无可安之穴宅，不得已而游行于上，故血亦随火而妄行，令用桂
附二味纯阳之火，加于六味纯阴水中，使肾中温暖，如冬月一阳来复于水上之中，龙雷
之火，自然归就于原宅，不用寒凉，而火自降，不必止血而血自安矣。若阴中水干而火
炎者，去桂附而纯用六味，以补水配火，血亦自安，亦不必去火，总之保火为主，此仲
景二千余年之玄秘，岂后人可能笔削一字哉！
凡肾经吐血者，俱是下寒上热，阴盛于下，逼阳于上之假症，世人不识，而为其所
误者多矣。宜以假寒治之，所谓假对假也。但此症有二，有一等少阴伤寒之症，寒气自
下肾经而感，小腹痛，或不痛，或呕，或不呕，面赤口渴，不能饮水，胸中烦躁，此作
少阴经外感伤寒看，须用仲景白通汤之法治之，一服即愈。又有一等真阴失守，命门火
衰，火不归原，水盛而逼其浮游之火于上，上焦咳嗽气喘，恶热面红，呕吐痰涎出血，
此系假阳之症，须用八味地黄引火归原。然兹二方，俱是大热之药，但上焦烦热正盛，
复以热药投之，入口即吐矣。须以水探冷，假寒骗之，下嗌之后，冷性既除，热性始
发，太阳一照，龙雷之火自息，因而呕哕皆除，倘有方无法，何以通拒格之寒也。若误
为实热而服寒凉，顷刻立化，慎之哉！
血之来也，虽火以迫之，然此火宜导以归源，则血亦归经，切忌原药，则反激浮火
逆上，且伤胃气，脾愈不能统血矣。更宜养肝，使肝气平而血有所归，切忌伐肝，盖
《经》曰∶五赃者，藏精气而不泻者也。肝为将军之官，而主藏血，吐血者，肝失其职
也。若再伐之，则无力摄血收藏，而血愈不止矣。更宜行血不宜止血，盖吐血者，气逆
上壅，而血不行经络也。行血则血循经，不止自止。若勉强止之，则瘀血凝滞，胸胁胀
满，发热恶食，反成痼疾。况血生化于脾，而脾又统血，倘不以调理脾胃为主，而概用
四物纯阴伤胃，徒增其病矣。故《医贯》曰∶服寒凉者，百不一生，服溲溺者，百不
一死。然而久则能伤胃气，甚言寒凉之不可用也。失血一证，危急骇人，医疗鲜效，或
暴来而顷刻即毙，或暂止而终亦必亡，敢问有一定之方，可获万全之利否，请备言之，
凡血症先分阴阳，有阴虚有阳虚，阳虚补阳，阴虚补阴，此直治之法，无所共知。又
有真阴真阳，阳根于阴，阴根于阳。真阳虚者，从阴引阳，真阴虚者，从阳引阴，复有
假阴假阳，似是而非，多以误人。此真假二字，旷世之所不讲，举世之所未闻，在杂病
不可不知，在血症为尤甚也。既分阴阳，又须分三因，风寒暑湿燥火，外因也。过食生
冷，好啖炙爆，醉饱无度，外之内也。喜怒优思恐，劳心好色，内因也。跌扑闪肭，伤
重瘀蓄者，不内外因也。既分三因，而必以吾身之阴阳为主，或阴虚而挟内外因也，或
阳虚而挟内外因也。盖阴阳虚者，在我之正气虚也。三因者。在外之邪气有余也。然
《经》曰∶邪之所凑，其气必虚，不治其虚，安问其余？或曰∶吐衄血者，从下炎上之
火，暑热燥火，固宜有之，何得有风寒之症？殊不知六淫之气，俱能伤人，暑热者，
十之一二，火燥者半，风寒者半，而火燥之后，卒又归于虚寒矣。《经》曰∶岁火太过，
炎暑流行。肺金受刑，民病血溢血泄，是火气能使人失血也。又云，太阳司天，寒淫所
胜，血变于中，民病呕血，血泄鼽衄善悲，是寒气能使人失血也。又云，太阴在泉，湿
淫所胜，民病血见，是湿气能使人失血也。又云∶少阴司天之政，水火寒热，持于气
交，热病生于上，冷病生于下，寒热凌犯，而争于中，民病血溢血泄，是寒热凌犯，能
使人失血也。又云∶太阴司天之政，初之气风湿相薄，民病血溢，是风湿相搏，能使人
失血也。又云∶岁金太过，燥气流行，民病反侧，咳逆甚而血溢，是燥气能使人失血
也。六气俱能使人血溢，何独火乎？况火有阴火阳火之不同，日月之火与灯烛之火不
同，炉中之火与龙雷之火不同。又有五志过极之火，惊而动血者，火起于心，怒而动血
者，火起于肝，忧而动血者，火起于肺，思而动血者，火起于脾，劳而动血者，火起于
肾，能明乎火之一字，而于血之理思过半矣。
河间先生，特以五运六气暑火立论，故专用寒凉以治火，而后人宗之，不知河间之
论，但与仲景《伤寒论》对讲，各发其所未尽之旨耳。非通论种种不同之火也。自东垣
先生出，而论脾胃之火，必须温养，始禁用寒凉。自丹溪先生出，而立阴虚火动之论，
亦发前人所未发，可惜大补阴丸、补阴丸，二丸中俱以黄柏知母为君，而寒凉之论，又
盛行矣。养葵先生持撰阴阳五行之论，以申明火不可以水灭，药不可以寒攻，其利溥哉！
六淫中虽俱能病血，其中独寒气致病者居多，何也？盖寒伤荣，风伤卫，自然之
《黄帝内经》说：阳明经气机逆乱，会出现气喘咳嗽、身体发热、容易惊恐以及鼻出血、吐血等症状；又说：大怒会导致形体与气机隔绝，血液郁积在上方；又说：脾脏将热邪转移给肝脏，就会引发惊恐和鼻出血，膀胱之胞将热邪转移给膀胱，就会导致小便不通和尿血；又说：结阴病，大便出血一升，再次发作出血二升，第三次发作出血三升。那血呢，由脾脏生化生成，被心脏统摄管理，受肝脏贮藏调节，向肺部布散宣发，通过肾脏排泄施泄，灌溉全身，眼睛得到它就能视物，耳朵得到它就能听声，手得到它就能拿取东西，手掌得到它就能握持，脚得到它就能行走，脏腑得到它就能产生津液，腑得到它就能产生气机，出入升降，滋润濡养并宣通，没有不依赖血的。饮食不断滋养，所以能阳气生发、阴血增长，摄取汁液变化而成红色的血，注入脉管中，充盈则充实，稀少则涩滞，旺盛时各条经脉依靠它来长养，衰竭时百脉因此空虚，血盛则形体壮盛，血弱则形体衰败，神志安静则阴血滋生，形体劳役过度则阳气亢奋，所以血难以形成却容易亏损，一旦失调，病变就在转眼之间发生，火性炎上则血上行，挟带湿邪则血下行，引发的疾病种类繁多。妄行于上部则吐血流鼻血，在中部衰败枯竭则成虚劳，在外表枯槁则消瘦，在下部反常则便红，移热于膀胱则尿血，渗透肠间成为肠风，阴虚而阳脉搏动则导致崩中漏下，湿热蒸腾瘀阻则成为痢疾，热极腐化则成为脏血，火极似水，血量多呈紫黑色，热胜于阴则成为疮疡，湿滞于血则成为瘾疹，凝涩于皮肤则成为冷痹，蓄积在上部则精神狂妄，蓄积在下部则行为狂乱，跌打损伤则瘀血内聚，血行清道出于鼻子，血行浊道出于口，咳血衄血出自肺，呕血出自肝，吐血出自胃，痰中带血出自脾，咯血出自心，唾血出自肾。耳中出血叫“ ”（音二），鼻出血叫衄，皮肤出血叫血汗，口鼻同时出血叫脑衄，九窍全部出血叫大衄，便血颜色清稀的属于营血虚弱有热，浑浊的属于热与湿，颜色鲜红的属于火，黑色的属于火极，血与排泄物一起排出的，属于有积滞或络脉受伤。尿血因为房事过度，阴虚火动，营血妄行，血色黑黯，面色枯白，尺脉沉迟的，这是下元虚冷，所谓阳虚阴必走脱。有呕吐紫黑色凝固血的，《原病式》说：这不是冷凝，而是热甚消烁，使其变得稠浊，热甚则水气制约它，所以红色兼黑色而呈现紫色。有汗血的，是因为大喜伤心，喜则气散，血随气行。下血，先见血后见便是近血，来自大肠，先有便后见血是远血，来自肺胃，肠胃本身没有血，是因为气虚肠薄，所以血渗入而下出。李东垣说：除了伤寒家的衄血外，凡是杂病见血，多归责于热，血向上行是逆证，治疗难，血向下行是顺证，治疗易，所以血上行，或唾血、或呕血、或吐血，忽然变为下行恶痢的，是吉兆。朱丹溪说：口鼻出血，都是阳盛阴衰，只有上升没有下降，血随气上，越出小孔，治法应当补阴抑阳，气降则血自然回归经络。有阳气本虚，又受寒凉药物伤害，以致肃杀之气显现，色脉都见沉而不浮，尺脉小于寸脉，右脉弱于左脉，面色枯夭而血黯黑的，用生脉散加肉桂一钱，熟附子一钱，甘草五分；接着服用理中八味丸，交替服用，喘嗽痰血都能平复，所以《三因方》说：理中汤能止伤胃吐血，因为这个方子最能调理中脘，分别阴阳，安定气血，凡是病人确实感受寒气，食用冷物，邪气进入血分，血得冷而凝结，不归经络而妄行的，其血必定黑黯，其色必定白而枯夭，其脉必定微迟，其身必定清凉，不用姜桂，而用凉血剂就危险了。
凡是用药的人，要认清血来的本源，不可胡乱治疗，以致变乱病情。治疗血证，应当明确血出自哪条经脉？不可一概说是吐血衄血，多是火载血上，错经妄行越出上窍，而过用寒凉。火，是无形的气，不能与水相比，怎么能说是承载？大概血随气行，气顺畅则血循经，气逆则血乱，气有余就是火。实则是气逆而血妄行，兼于火化，因此严重。《内经》说：怒则气逆，严重时呕血，暴发性热病内逆，肝肺相搏，血溢鼻口就是这样。另外李东垣说：血妄行上出于鼻口的，都是气逆。况且血得寒则凝，得热则行，见黑则止，据此看来，治血如果不兼调气，而纯用寒凉施治，则血不归经，且被寒所凝滞，虽然暂时停止但会复发。而且脾统摄诸血，寒凉伤脾，脾虚更不能约束诸血，其变症岂能说得完！然而调气更不如导火，火归位则气自然顺了。
吐血，是荣气溢出进入浊道，留聚膈间，满了则吐血，名叫内衄。然而先哲都认为这是热，其原因有寒的情况，道理也是有的，为什么呢？寒邪属阴，荣血也属阴，风伤卫，寒伤荣，各从其类，人如果身体受邪，口食寒物，邪入血分，郁遏内热，无从发泄，血乃沸腾，在上则从口而出，在下则从便而出。像这种情况，确实是病机中存在的，怎能说完全没有呢。只是其血色黑，与吐血因热极而反兼水化的情况相似，这里应当在脉证间寻求辨别，脉微迟而身清凉的是寒，洪数而身烦热的是热。寒则温之，热则清之，治法大不相同。如果吐血发渴的，名叫血渴，宜用四物汤，或十全大补汤。
凡是内伤暴吐血不止，或劳力过度，其血妄行出如涌泉，口鼻皆流，须臾不救，急用人参一两，或二两，研为细末，加入飞罗面二钱，新汲水调成稀糊状，不拘时候啜服；或用独参汤也可以。古方纯用补气，不入血药，为什么呢？盖阳统乎阴，血随乎气，有形之血不能速生，无形之气所当急固，令无形生出有形。如果有真阴失守，虚阳泛上，也大量吐血，又须用八味地黄汤，固其真阴，以引火归源，正不宜用人参，及火既引之而归矣，人参又所不禁，阴阳不可不辨，而先后之分，神而明之，存乎其人，况人参虽谓补阳，乃阳中之阴药。若与白术、黄芪同用，峻补后天元气之阳，与附子、鹿茸同用，大补先天元气之阳，与当归、地黄同用，则补阳中之阴，率领群阴之药，上至阳中之阴分，所佐一异，功用便殊矣。
凡是失血之后，必大发热，名叫血虚发热。古方立当归补血汤，用黄芪一两，当归二钱，名叫补血，而以黄芪为君，阳旺能生阴血也。如丹溪于产后发热，用参、芪、归、芎，黑姜以佐之，或问曰，干姜辛热，何以用之？盖姜味辛，能引血药入气分而生新血，况炒黑则止而不走。若不明此理，见其大热，六脉洪大，而误用发散之剂，或以其象白虎汤症，而误用白虎，立见危殆，慎之哉！
曹氏说：吐血须煎干姜、甘草作汤与服，或四物理中汤亦可，如此无不愈者。若服生地黄、藕汁、竹茹去生便远。《仁斋直指》说：血遇热则宣流，故止血多用凉药。然有气虚挟寒，阴阳不相为守，荣气虚散，血亦错行，所谓阳虚阴必走耳。外必有虚冷之状，法当温中，中温则血自归经络，可用理中汤加南木香，或干姜甘草汤。其效甚着，又有饮食伤胃，或胃虚不能传化，其气逆上，亦能吐衄，木香理中汤，甘草、干姜汤最宜，出血诸证，每以胃药收功，切不可投以苦寒之剂，所以说：实火之血，顺气为先，虚火之血，养正为先，气壮自能摄血也。
《褚氏遗书》说：喉有窍，咳血杀人，肠有窍，便血杀人。便血犹可治，咳血不易医，喉不容物，毫发必咳，血既渗入，愈渗愈咳，愈咳愈渗，饮溲溺者，百不一死，（言之太过），服寒凉者，百不一生（的确之论），血虽阴类，运之者，其阳和乎，玩阳和二字，褚氏深达阴阳之妙者矣。时珍说：小便性温不寒，饮之入胃，随脾之气，上归于肺，下通水道，而入膀胱，乃其旧路，故能治肺病，引火下行。其味咸而走血，故治血病。盒饭乘热即饮，则真气尚存，其行自速，冷则惟有咸寒之性而已。若炼成秋石，则真元之气渐失，不及童便远矣。
海藏说：胸中聚集之残火，腹里积久太阴，上下膈绝，脉络部分，阴阳不通，用苦热以定于中，使辛热以行于外，升以甘温。降以辛润，化严肃为春温，变凛烈为和气，汗而愈也。然余毒土苴犹有存者，周身阳和，尚未泰然，胸中微躁而思凉饮，因食冷物，服凉剂，阳气复消，余阴再作，脉退而小，弦细而迟，激而为衄血、吐血者有之，心肺受邪也，下而为便血、溺血者有之，肝肾受邪也，三焦出血，色紫不鲜，此重沓寒湿，化毒凝泣，水谷道路浸溃而成。若见血症，不详本末，便用凉折变乃生矣。
黄柏、知母既所禁用，治之将何如？若与前所论理中温中无异法，何必分真阴真阳乎？殊不知温中者，理中焦也，非下焦也，此系下焦两肾中先天之真气，与心肺脾胃后天有形之体，毫不相干，且干姜、甘草、当归等药，俱入不到肾经，惟仲景八味肾气丸斯为对症，肾中一水一火，地黄壮水之主，桂附益火之原，水火既济之道，盖阴虚火动者，乃肾中寒冷，龙宫无可安之穴宅，不得已而游行于上，故血亦随火而妄行，令用桂附二味纯阳之火，加于六味纯阴水中，使肾中温暖，如冬月一阳来复于水上之中，龙雷之火，自然归就于原宅，不用寒凉，而火自降，不必止血而血自安矣。若阴中水干而火炎者，去桂附而纯用六味，以补水配火，血亦自安，亦不必去火，总之保火为主，此仲景二千余年之玄秘，岂后人可能笔削一字哉！
凡是肾经吐血者，俱是下寒上热，阴盛于下，逼阳于上之假症，世人不识，而为其所误者多矣。宜以假寒治之，所谓假对假也。但此症有二，有一等少阴伤寒之症，寒气自下肾经而感，小腹痛，或不痛，或呕，或不呕，面赤口渴，不能饮水，胸中烦躁，此作少阴经外感伤寒看，须用仲景白通汤之法治之，一服即愈。又有一等真阴失守，命门火衰，火不归原，水盛而逼其浮游之火于上，上焦咳嗽气喘，恶热面红，呕吐痰涎出血，此系假阳之症，须用八味地黄引火归原。然兹二方，俱是大热之药，但上焦烦热正盛，复以热药投之，入口即吐矣。须以水探冷，假寒骗之，下嗌之后，冷性既除，热性始发，太阳一照，龙雷之火自息，因而呕哕皆除，倘有方无法，何以通拒格之寒也。若误为实热而服寒凉，顷刻立化，慎之哉！
血之来也，虽火以迫之，然此火宜导以归源，则血亦归经，切忌原药，则反激浮火逆上，且伤胃气，脾愈不能统血矣。更宜养肝，使肝气平而血有所归，切忌伐肝，盖《经》曰∶五赃者，藏精气而不泻者也。肝为将军之官，而主藏血，吐血者，肝失其职也。若再伐之，则无力摄血收藏，而血愈不止矣。更宜行血不宜止血，盖吐血者，气逆上壅，而血不行经络也。行血则血循经，不止自止。若勉强止之，则瘀血凝滞，胸胁胀满，发热恶食，反成痼疾。况血生化于脾，而脾又统血，倘不以调理脾胃为主，而概用四物纯阴伤胃，徒增其病矣。故《医贯》曰∶服寒凉者，百不一生，服溲溺者，百不一死。然而久则能伤胃气，甚言寒凉之不可用也。失血一证，危急骇人，医疗鲜效，或暴来而顷刻即毙，或暂止而终亦必亡，敢问有一定之方，可获万全之利否，请备言之，凡血症先分阴阳，有阴虚有阳虚，阳虚补阳，阴虚补阴，此直治之法，无所共知。又有真阴真阳，阳根于阴，阴根于阳。真阳虚者，从阴引阳，真阴虚者，从阳引阴，复有假阴假阳，似是而非，多以误人。此真假二字，旷世之所不讲，举世之所未闻，在杂病不可不知，在血症为尤甚也。既分阴阳，又须分三因，风寒暑湿燥火，外因也。过食生冷，好啖炙爆，醉饱无度，外之内也。喜怒优思恐，劳心好色，内因也。跌扑闪肭，伤重瘀蓄者，不内外因也。既分三因，而必以吾身之阴阳为主，或阴虚而挟内外因也，或阳虚而挟内外因也。盖阴阳虚者，在我之正气虚也。三因者。在外之邪气有余也。然《经》曰∶邪之所凑，其气必虚，不治其虚，安问其余？或曰∶吐衄血者，从下炎上之火，暑热燥火，固宜有之，何得有风寒之症？殊不知六淫之气，俱能伤人，暑热者，十之一二，火燥者半，风寒者半，而火燥之后，卒又归于虚寒矣。《经》曰∶岁火太过，炎暑流行。肺金受刑，民病血溢血泄，是火气能使人失血也。又云，太阳司天，寒淫所胜，血变于中，民病呕血，血泄鼽衄善悲，是寒气能使人失血也。又云，太阴在泉，湿淫所胜，民病血见，是湿气能使人失血也。又云∶少阴司天之政，水火寒热，持于气交，热病生于上，冷病生于下，寒热凌犯，而争于中，民病血溢血泄，是寒热凌犯，能使人失血也。又云，太阴司天之政，初之气风湿相薄，民病血溢，是风湿相搏，能使人失血也。又云，岁金太过，燥气流行，民病反侧，咳逆甚而血溢，是燥气能使人失血也。六气俱能使人血溢，何独火乎？况火有阴火阳火之不同，日月之火与灯烛之火不同，炉中之火与龙雷之火不同。又有五志过极之火，惊而动血者，火起于心，怒而动血者，火起于肝，忧而动血者，火起于肺，思而动血者，火起于脾，劳而动血者，火起于肾，能明乎火之一字，而于血之理思过半矣。
河间先生，特以五运六气暑火立论，故专用寒凉以治火，而后人宗之，不知河间之论，但与仲景《伤寒论》对讲，各发其所未尽之旨耳。非通论种种不同之火也。自东垣先生出，而论脾胃之火，必须温养，始禁用寒凉。自丹溪先生出，而立阴虚火动之论，亦发前人所未发，可惜大补阴丸、补阴丸，二丸中俱以黄柏知母为君，而寒凉之论，又盛行矣。养葵先生持撰阴阳五行之论，以申明火不可以水灭，药不可以寒攻，其利溥哉！六淫中虽俱能病血，其中独寒气致病者居多，何也？盖寒伤荣，风伤卫，自然之
The *Classic* (Huangdi Neijing) states: When Yangming channel qi rebels, there is panting and coughing, body heat, a tendency to be startled, nosebleeds, and hematemesis; it also says: Great anger causes the form and qi to sever connection, causing blood to stagnate in the upper part; it also says: If spleen transfers heat to the liver, it results in startle and nosebleed; if the bladder's "bao" (uterus/bladder organ) transfers heat to the bladder, it results in strangury and hematuria; it also says: In Jieyin disease, bloody stool occurs with one sheng of blood loss, two sheng upon recurrence, and three sheng upon a third recurrence. Blood is generated by the Spleen, commanded by the Heart, stored and regulated by the Liver, distributed by the Lungs, and excreted by the Kidneys, irrigating the whole body. The eyes obtain it to see, the ears to hear, the hands to grasp, the palms to hold, the feet to walk, the Zang organs to produce fluids, and the Fu organs to generate Qi. Through its entering, exiting, ascending, and descending, it moistens, nourishes, and unblocks, all relying on this. Daily nourishment from food and drink allows Yang to generate and Yin to grow; juices are transformed into red blood, injected into the vessels. When full, it is solid; when scant, it is astringent. When vigorous, all channels rely on it for nourishment; when exhausted, all pulses become empty due to this. Abundant blood means robust form; weak blood means declining form. Calm spirit generates Yin; physical labor overexerts Yang. Thus, blood is hard to create but easy to deplete. Once imbalanced, pathology arises instantly. Fire carrying it upward causes it to rise; dampness carrying it downward causes it to descend, resulting in various diseases. Reckless movement upward causes vomiting and nosebleeds; depletion and drying in the middle leads to deficiency consumption; withering externally leads to emaciation; reversal downward leads to red stool; heat transferring to the bladder causes hematuria; permeating the intestines becomes intestinal wind; Yin deficiency with Yang pulsation causes metrorrhagia; damp-heat steaming and stasis causes dysentery; extreme heat rotting causes visceral bleeding; extreme fire resembles water, with large amounts of blood appearing purple-black; heat surpassing Yin causes sores and ulcers; dampness stagnating in blood causes urticaria; coagulation and astringency in the skin causes cold bi-syndrome; accumulation in the upper part causes madness; accumulation in the lower part causes mania; falls and injuries cause internal blood stasis. Blood traveling through clear pathways exits the nose; blood traveling through turbid pathways exits the mouth. Hemoptysis and nosebleeds originate from the Lungs; hematemesis originates from the Liver; hematemesis originates from the Stomach; bloody sputum originates from the Spleen; spitting blood originates from the Heart; spittle blood originates from the Kidneys. Ear bleeding is called "Er Xue", nosebleeding is called "Nu", skin bleeding is called "Xue Han", simultaneous mouth and nose bleeding is called "Nao Nu", and bleeding from all nine orifices is called "Da Nu". Clear bloody stool belongs to Ying blood deficiency with heat; turbid belongs to heat and dampness; bright red belongs to fire; black indicates extreme fire; blood mixed with excrement belongs to accumulation or collateral injury. Hematuria due to excessive sexual activity, Yin deficiency with fire stirring, reckless Ying blood movement, dark blood color, withered white complexion, and deep-slow Chi pulse indicates deficiency-cold of the lower Yuan, as stated: "When Yang is deficient, Yin must escape." Vomiting purple clotted blood: The *Yuan Bing Shi* says: This is not cold coagulation, but severe heat scorching it into thick turbidity; severe heat is controlled by water transformation, hence red mixes with black to appear purple. Sweating blood occurs due to great joy injuring the Heart; joy disperses Qi, and blood follows Qi. Lower bleeding: seeing blood before stool is "Jin Xue" (near blood), coming from the Large Intestine; seeing stool before blood is "Yuan Xue" (far blood), coming from the Lungs and Stomach. The intestines and stomach naturally have no blood; due to Qi deficiency and thin intestinal walls, blood seeps in and exits downward. Li Dongyuan said: Excluding nosebleeds in Shanghan cases, miscellaneous diseases with bleeding are mostly attributed to heat. Upward flow is rebellious and difficult to treat; downward flow is smooth and easier to treat. Thus, if upward bleeding (spitting, vomiting, or throwing blood) suddenly changes to downward bloody diarrhea, it is an auspicious sign. Zhu Danxi said: Bleeding from mouth and nose is all due to Yang excess and Yin deficiency, rising without descending, with blood following Qi up and escaping through small orifices. The method should be tonifying Yin and suppressing Yang; when Qi descends, blood returns to its vessels. In cases of original Yang deficiency compounded by cold-cold injury, showing肃杀 (killing/drying) Qi signs, with colors and pulses sinking rather than floating, Chi pulse smaller than Cun pulse, Right pulse weaker than Left, withered complexion and dark blood, use Shengmai San plus Rougui (Cinnamon Twig) 1 qian, Shufuzi (Prepared Aconite Root) 1 qian, Gancao (Licorice Root) 0.5 qian; follow with Lizhong Ba Wei Wan, taken alternately. Panting, coughing, and bloody sputum will subside. Thus, the *Sanyin Fang* states: Lizhong Tang can stop Stomach-injury hematemesis because it best regulates the Middle Jiao, distinguishes Yin and Yang, and stabilizes Qi and Blood. For patients truly suffering from cold invasion and cold food intake, where pathogen enters the blood level, blood coagulates due to cold, fails to return to vessels, and moves recklessly, the blood must be dark, color withered and pale, pulse minute and slow, body cool. Using cooling agents instead of Ginger and Cinnamon would be disastrous.
Medicators must recognize the origin of blood and not treat blindly, causing chaos. Treating blood disorders requires knowing which channel the blood comes from; one cannot simply say hematemesis and nosebleeds are mostly fire carrying blood up, causing wrong channel movement and escape through upper orifices, leading to overuse of cold-cooling herbs. Fire is formless Qi, incomparable to water, how can it "carry"? Blood follows Qi; when Qi is smooth, blood follows channels; when Qi rebels, blood is chaotic. Excess Qi is fire. It is actually Qi rebellion causing reckless blood movement, compounded by fire transformation, making it severe. The *Classic* says: Anger causes Qi rebellion, severely causing vomiting blood; sudden heat illness internal rebellion, Liver and Lung fighting, blood overflowing from nose and mouth is like this. Also, Li Dongyuan said: Blood moving recklessly out of nose and mouth is all due to Qi rebellion. Moreover, blood coagulates with cold, flows with heat, and stops when black. From this, treating blood without regulating Qi, using only cold-cooling herbs, means blood will not return to channels, will be stagnant due to cold, and although temporarily stopped, will recur. Since the Spleen commands all blood, cold-cooling damages the Spleen; Spleen deficiency cannot constrain blood, and its pathological changes are countless! However, regulating Qi is best done by guiding fire; when fire returns, Qi becomes smooth.
Hematemesis is Ying Qi overflowing into the turbid pathway, accumulating between the diaphragm; when full, blood vomits, named "Nei Nu" (Internal Nosebleed). Ancient sages considered it heat, but cold causes exist. Why? Cold pathogen is Yin; Ying blood is Yin. Wind injures Wei, Cold injures Ying, each following its kind. If the body suffers pathogens and mouth eats cold things, pathogen enters blood level, depressing internal heat with no outlet, blood boils, exiting from mouth above or stool below. Such cases exist in pathology mechanisms, how can they be nonexistent? Only the black blood color resembles heat-excessive blood undergoing water transformation. Here, one must seek differentiation in pulse and symptoms: minute-slow pulse and cool body indicate cold; surging-rapid pulse and restless heat indicate heat. Cold is warmed, heat is cleared; treatments differ greatly. If hematemesis with thirst occurs, it is named "Xue Ke" (Blood Thirst), suitable for Siwu Tang or Shiquan Dabu Tang.
For acute internal injury hematemesis not stopping, or excessive labor causing reckless blood flow like a gushing spring, flowing from mouth and nose, requiring urgent rescue, use Ren Shen (Ginseng Root) 1 liang or 2 liang, powdered, mixed with Feiluo Mian (Fine Wheat Flour) 2 qian, adjusted with fresh well water to a thin paste, taken anytime; or use Dushen Tang alone. Ancient formulas use only Qi-tonifying herbs, no blood herbs. Why? Yang commands Yin, blood follows Qi. Formidable blood cannot be quickly generated; formless Qi must be urgently secured, allowing formless to generate formidable. If True Yin is lost, Deficient Yang floats up, causing massive hematemesis, requiring Bawei Dihuang Tang to secure True Yin and guide fire back to source; Ren Shen is inappropriate here. Once fire is guided back, Ren Shen is permitted. Yin and Yang must be distinguished, timing clarified, wisdom applied. Although Ren Shen is said to tonify Yang, it is a Yin herb within Yang. Used with Baizhu (Atractylodes Rhizome) and Huangqi (Astragalus Root), it vigorously tonifies Postnatal Yuan Qi Yang; used with Fuzi (Prepared Aconite Root) and Lurong (Deer Antler Glue), it greatly tonifies Prenatal Yuan Qi Yang; used with Danggui (Angelica Sinensis Root) and Dihuang (Rehmannia Root), it tonifies Yin within Yang, leading the group of Yin herbs to the Yin portion within Yang. Slight differences in assistance lead to different functions.
After blood loss, high fever always occurs, named "Xue Xu Fa Re" (Deficiency Blood Fever). Ancient formula Danggui Buxue Tang uses Huangqi (Astragalus Root) 1 liang and Danggui (Angelica Sinensis Root) 2 qian. Named "Tonifying Blood," but Huangqi is sovereign; Yang prosperity generates Yin blood. Danji used Renshen, Huangqi, Danggui, Chuanxiong, and Heijiang (Charred Ginger) for postpartum fever. Asked why pungent-hot Ganjiang (Dried Ginger) is used? Ginger is pungent, guiding blood herbs into Qi level to generate new blood; charred ginger stops movement. Without understanding this, seeing high fever and surging-large six pulses, mistakenly using dispersants or Baihu Tang (White Tiger Decoction) due to resemblance, leads to immediate danger. Caution!
Cao Shi said: For hematemesis, decoct Ganjiang (Dried Ginger) and Gancao (Licorice Root) as soup to take, or Sili Lizhong Tang is also fine; such cases heal invariably. Taking Shengdihuang (Rehmannia Root), Ouji (Lotus Rhizome Juice), Zhuru (Bamboo Shavings) drives away life. *Ren Zhi Zhi Zhi* says: Blood flows freely with heat, so hemostasis often uses cooling drugs. But in Qi deficiency with cold, Yin and Yang do not guard each other, Ying Qi is deficient and scattered, blood moves wrongly, as stated: "When Yang is deficient, Yin escapes." External signs of deficiency-cold exist; method should warm the middle. Warming middle makes blood return to channels; Lizhong Tang plus Nanmuxiang (Aquilaria Wood) or Ganjiang Gancao Tang is usable. Effect is obvious. Food damaging Stomach or Stomach deficiency failing to transport transforms causes Qi rebelling upward, also causing hematemesis/nosebleed. Muxiang Lizhong Tang, Ganjiang Gancao Tang are most suitable. Various bleeding syndromes often conclude with Stomach medicines. Do not administer bitter-cold agents. Thus: For real-fire blood, regulating Qi is first; for deficiency-fire blood, nurturing righteousness is first. Strong Qi naturally controls blood.
*Chu Shi Yi Shu* says: Throat has orifices, coughing blood kills; intestines have orifices, bloody stool kills. Bloody stool is treatable; coughing blood is hard to cure. Throat tolerates no object, slightest thing causes cough. Once blood permeates, more permeation causes more cough, more cough causes more permeation. Drinking urine saves one in a hundred; taking cold-cooling drugs kills one in a hundred (accurate statement). Blood is Yin category, but what moves it is Yang harmony. Playing with "Yang Harmony," Chu deeply understood Yin-Yang subtleties. Shizhen said: Urine is warm, not cold. Drinking it enters Stomach, follows Spleen Qi, goes up to Lungs, down through water passages to Bladder, its old path, thus treating Lung disease, guiding fire downward. Its salty taste enters blood, thus treating blood disease. Must drink hot; true Qi remains, action is fast. Cold leaves only salty-cold nature. If refined into Qiushi (Autumn Stone), true Yuan Qi is gradually lost, far inferior to child urine.
Haizang said: Residual fire accumulated in chest, long-standing Taiyin in abdomen, upper-lower diaphragm severed, meridians blocked, Yin-Yang不通 (unconnected). Use bitter-hot to settle middle, pungent-hot to move exterior, sweet-warm to ascend, pungent-moist to descend. Transform solemnity into spring warmth, change biting cold into harmonious Qi, cure via sweating. However, residual toxins remain, whole-body Yang harmony not yet peaceful, slight chest restlessness craving cool drinks. Due to eating cold food/taking cooling drugs, Yang dissipates again, residual Yin acts again. Pulse retreats small, wiry-thin-slow,激 (provoked) into nosebleed/hematemesis occurs, Lung/Heart receiving pathogen. Downward into bloody stool/hematuria occurs, Liver/Kidney receiving pathogen. Sanjiao bleeding, purple-dull color, caused by layered cold-damp, transforming poison, coagulating, water-grain pathways infiltrated. Seeing blood syndrome without detailing origin/ending, immediately using cooling suppression creates variation.
Huangbai (Phellodendron Bark) and Zhimu (Anemarrhena Rhizome) are forbidden. How to treat? If same as previous Lizhong warming-middle method, why distinguish True Yin/True Yang? Not knowing that warming middle regulates Middle Jiao, not Lower Jiao. This concerns Prenatal True Qi in Lower Jiao Kidneys, unrelated to Postnatal formed bodies of Lung/Heart/Spleen/Stomach. Ganjiang, Gancao, Danggui etc. do not enter Kidney meridian. Only Zhang Zhongjing's Bawei Shenqi Wan is appropriate. Kidney contains Water and Fire. Dihuang strengthens Lord of Water; Guifu benefits Source of Fire. Way of Water-Fire mutual satisfaction. Yin deficiency fire stirring is actually Kidney cold; Dragon Palace has no abode, forced to wander upward, so blood follows fire recklessly. Using Guifu (pure Yang fire) added to Liuwei (pure Yin water) warms Kidney, like one Yang returning in winter water. Dragon-Lei fire naturally returns to original home. No cooling needed, fire descends itself; no hemostasis needed, blood calms itself. If Yin water dry and fire flares, remove Guifu, use pure Liuwei to supplement water matching fire, blood calms. No need to remove fire. Overall, protecting fire is main. This is Zhang Zhongjing's mystery for 2000 years, impossible for later generations to edit.
Kidney meridian hematemesis is all lower-cold upper-heat, Yin excess below forcing Yang above, false syndrome. Worldly people don't recognize, misled often. Should treat with false-cold, "false against false." Two types: One is Shaoyin Shanghan, cold pathogen from lower Kidney meridian, lower abdominal pain (or not), vomiting (or not), red face, thirsty but unable to drink, chest irritability. View as Shaoyin external Shanghan, use Zhang Zhongjing's Baitong Tang method, one dose cures. Another is True Yin lost, Mingmen fire decline, fire not returning to source, water excess forcing floating fire upward. Upper Jiao cough/wheeze, aversion to heat/red face, vomiting phlegm-blood. This is false Yang syndrome, use Bawei Dihuang to guide fire back to source. Both formulas are hot drugs. If upper Jiao烦热 (restless heat) is strong, hot drug causes immediate vomiting. Must mix with water to cool, deceive with false cold. After swallowing, cold nature removed, hot nature starts. Sun shines, Dragon-Lei fire rests, vomiting stops. If prescription lacks method, how to pass rejecting cold? Mistaking for real heat and taking cold-cooling drugs leads to instant death. Caution!
Blood coming, though forced by fire, this fire should be guided to return to source, then blood returns to channel. Avoid original drugs, which provoke floating fire rebelling upward, damaging Stomach Qi, making Spleen unable to command blood further. Nourish Liver, make Liver Qi calm, blood has return. Avoid attacking Liver. *Classic* says: Five Zang store Essence-Qi and do not drain. Liver is General, commands storing blood. Hematemesis is Liver losing duty. Attacking it further makes it powerless to control blood storage, blood stops not. Better to move blood than stop blood. Hematemesis is Qi rebelling upward blocking, blood not moving in channels. Moving blood makes it follow channels, stopping itself. Forcibly stopping causes blood stasis, chest-hypochondriac fullness, fever/aversion to food, becoming chronic disease. Blood generated by Spleen, Spleen commands blood. If not regulating Spleen/Stomach as main, using Siwu (pure Yin damaging Stomach) increases disease. Thus *Yi Guan* says: Taking cold-cooling drugs, one in a hundred dies; taking urine, one in a hundred lives. However, long-term use damages Stomach Qi, emphasizing cold-cooling是不可用 (unusable). Blood loss syndrome, critical/frightening, medical effect rare. Sudden onset dies instantly; temporary stop eventually dies. Ask if fixed method exists for perfect benefit? Explain fully. Blood syndromes first divide Yin/Yang. Yin deficiency/Yang deficiency. Yang deficiency tonifies Yang, Yin deficiency tonifies Yin. Direct treatment, known to all. Also True Yin/True Yang. Yang rooted in Yin, Yin rooted in Yang. True Yang deficiency, draw Yang from Yin; True Yin deficiency, draw Yin from Yang. Also False Yin/False Yang, seemingly correct but wrong, misleading many. "True/False" rarely discussed, unheard of. In miscellaneous diseases must know, in blood syndromes especially so. After dividing Yin/Yang, must divide Three Causes. Wind/Cold/Summerheat/Dampness/Dryness/Fire, external cause. Overeating raw/cold, liking roasted/fried, drunken/full excess, external turning internal. Joy/Anger/Worry/Sorrow/Fear, mental labor/lust, internal cause. Falls/dislocations, heavy injury/stasis, neither internal nor external cause. After dividing Three Causes, must prioritize own body Yin/Yang. Or Yin deficiency with external/internal causes, or Yang deficiency with external/internal causes. Yin/Yang deficiency is righteous Qi deficiency in self. Three Causes are pathogenic Qi excess outside. *Classic* says: Where pathogen gathers, Qi must be deficient. Not treating deficiency, how ask about others? Some say: Hematemesis/nosebleed is fire flaming upward from below. Summerheat/dryness/fire should exist, how have Wind/Cold? Not knowing Six Evils all injure humans. Summerheat 10-20%, Fire/Dryness half, Wind/Cold half. After Fire/Dryness, ultimately returns to deficiency-cold. *Classic* says: Year Fire excess, heat summer spreads. Lung Metal punished, people suffer blood overflow/leakage. Fire Qi causes blood loss. Also: Taiyin ruling Heaven, Cold excess wins, blood changes inside, people suffer vomiting blood, leakage, nosebleed, sadness. Cold Qi causes blood loss. Also: Taiyin ruling Earth, Damp excess wins, people suffer blood sight. Damp Qi causes blood loss. Also: Shaoyin ruling Heaven politics, Water/Fire/Cold/Heat hold at Qi intersection. Heat illness above, cold illness below. Cold/Heat invading, fighting in middle. People suffer blood overflow/leakage. Cold/Heat invading causes blood loss. Also: Taiyin ruling Heaven politics, First Qi Wind-Damp combining, people suffer blood overflow. Wind-Damp combining causes blood loss. Also: Year Metal excess, Dryness spreads, people suffer tossing/coughing reversals, severe coughing blood overflow. Dryness Qi causes blood loss. Six Qi all cause blood overflow, why only Fire? Fire has Yin/Fire difference. Sun/Moon fire vs Lamp/Candle fire different. Furnace fire vs Dragon-Lei fire different. Also Five Emotions extreme fire. Startle moving blood, fire starts in Heart; Anger moving blood, fire starts in Liver; Worry moving blood, fire starts in Lung; Thinking moving blood, fire starts in Spleen; Labor moving blood, fire starts in Kidney. Understanding "Fire" word, understanding blood principles is more than half.
Hejian Mr. specifically established theory on Five Movements/Six Qi Summerheat-Fire, thus using only cold-cooling to treat fire, later generations followed. Not knowing Hejian's theory only contrasts with Zhongjing's *Shanghan Lun*, each revealing unfinished points. Not general discussion of various fires. Since Dongyuan Mr. appeared, discussing Spleen/Stomach fire must be warmed/nourished, then cold-cooling forbidden. Since Danxi Mr. appeared, establishing Yin deficiency fire stirring theory, also revealing predecessors' undeveloped points. Pity Dabu Yin Wan/Buyin Wan, both using Huangbai/Zhimu as sovereign, cold-cooling theory prevailed again. Yangkui Mr. wrote Yin-Yang Five Elements theory, clarifying fire cannot be extinguished by water, drugs cannot attack with cold. Benefit vast! Among Six Evils all causing blood disease, Cold Qi causing disease is majority. Why? Cold injures Ying, Wind injures Wei, natural law.