薏苡仁，味甘温无毒，主筋拘挛不可屈伸，久风湿痹，下气。久服轻身益力。其生根，
下三虫。《名医》云∶薏苡仁除筋骨中邪气不仁，利肠胃，消水肿，令人能食。
胡麻，味甘平无毒，主伤中虚羸，补五内，益气力，长肌肉，填髓脑，坚筋骨，疗金疮
，止痛，及伤寒温疟大吐下后，虚热困乏。久服轻身不老，聪耳明目，耐寒暑，延年。
白麻子，味甘平无毒，宜肝，补中益气，肥健不老。治中风汗出，逐水利小便，破积血
风毒肿，复血脉，产后乳余疾。
饴，味甘微温无毒，补虚冷，益气力，止肠鸣、咽痛，除唾血，却卒嗽。
大豆黄卷，味甘平无毒，主久风湿痹，筋挛膝痛，除五脏胃气结积，益气止毒，去黑痣
面，润泽毛皮，宜肾。
生大豆，味甘平冷无毒，生捣醇酢和涂之，治一切毒肿，并止痛。煮汁冷服之，杀鬼毒
，逐水胀，除胃中热，却风痹伤中、淋露下瘀血。散五脏结积内寒，杀乌头三建，解百药毒。
不
赤小豆，味甘咸平冷无毒，下水肿，排脓血。一名赤豆。不可久服，令人枯燥。
青小豆，味甘咸温平涩无毒，主寒热热中消渴，止泻利，利小便，除吐逆，卒 下腹
胀满。黄帝云∶青小豆合鲤鱼 食之，令人眼黄，五年成干 病。
大豆豉，味苦甘寒涩无毒，主伤寒头痛寒热，辟瘴气恶毒，烦躁满闷，虚劳喘吸，两脚
疼冷，杀六畜胎子诸毒。
扁豆，味甘微温无毒，和中下气。其叶平，主霍乱吐下不止。
荞麦，味酸微寒无毒，食之难消，动大热风。其叶生食动刺风，令人身痒。黄帝云∶作
面和猪、羊肉热食之，不过八九顿，作热风，令人眉须落，又还生仍稀少。泾 以北多患此
疾
大麦，味咸微寒滑无毒，宜心，主消渴，除热，久食令人多力健行。作 温，消食和中
。熬末令赤黑，捣作 ，止泻利，和清酢浆服之，日三夜一。
小麦。味甘微寒无毒，养肝气，去客热，止烦渴咽燥，利小便，止漏血唾血，令女人孕
必得，易作曲，主小儿病食不消，下五痔虫，平胃气，消谷止利。
青粱米，味甘微寒无毒，主胃痹热中，除消渴，止泻利，利小便，益气力，补中轻身长
年。
黄粱米，味甘平无毒，益气和中，止泻利。
白粱米，味甘微寒无毒，除热益气。
粟米，味咸微寒无毒，养肾气，去骨痹热中，益气。
陈粟米，味苦寒无毒，主胃中热消渴，利小便。
丹黍米，味苦微温无毒，主咳逆上气霍乱，止泻利，除热，去烦渴。
白黍米，味甘辛温无毒，宜肺，补中益气。不可久食，多热，令人烦。
陈廪米，味咸酸微寒无毒，除烦热，下气调胃，止泄利。
米，味苦微温无毒，主寒中，下气，除热。
秫米，味甘微寒无毒，主寒热，利大肠，治漆疮。
酒，味苦甘辛大热有毒，行药势，杀百邪恶气。黄帝云∶暴下后饮酒者，膈上变为伏热
。扁鹊云∶久饮酒者，腐肠烂胃，溃髓蒸筋，伤神损寿。醉当风卧，以扇自扇成恶风，饱食
讫多饮水及酒，成痞僻。
稷米，味甘平无毒，益气安中，补虚和胃宜脾。
粳米，味辛苦平无毒，主心烦，断下利，平胃气，长肌肉，温中。
糯米，味苦温无毒，温中，令人能食，多热，大便硬。
酢，味酸温涩无毒，消痈肿，散水气，杀邪毒血晕。扁鹊云∶多食酢，损人骨，能理诸
药，消毒热。
盐，味咸温无毒，杀鬼蛊邪注毒瓦斯，下部 疮，伤寒寒热，能吐胸中痰 ，止心腹卒痛，
坚肌骨。不可多食，伤肺喜咳，令人肤色黑，损筋力。扁鹊云∶盐能除一切大风疾痛者，炒
熨之。黄帝云∶食甜粥竟食盐即吐，或成霍乱。
薏苡仁，味甘、性温、无毒，主治筋脉拘挛导致无法屈伸，久患风湿痹证，能降气。长期服用可身体轻盈、增强体力。其根部，能驱除三种寄生虫。《名医别录》记载：薏苡仁能去除筋骨中的邪气所致麻木不仁，通利肠胃，消除水肿，使人增进食欲。
胡麻（黑芝麻），味甘、性平、无毒，主治内伤导致的虚损羸弱，补益五脏，益气力，促进肌肉生长，填补髓脑，坚固筋骨，治疗金疮（金属利器造成的创伤），止痛，以及伤寒或温疟在大吐大泻之后出现的虚热和困乏无力。长期服用可身体轻盈、延缓衰老，使耳聪目明，耐寒暑，延年益寿。
白麻子（白芝麻），味甘、性平、无毒，适宜肝脏，补中益气，使身体肥壮健康、延缓衰老。治疗中风汗出，逐水利尿，破除积血及风毒引起的肿胀，恢复血脉通畅，治疗产后余疾。
饴糖（麦芽糖），味甘、性微温、无毒，补益虚冷，益气力，停止肠鸣和咽痛，消除唾血，缓解突发咳嗽。
大豆黄卷（发芽的大豆），味甘、性平、无毒，主治久患风湿痹证，筋脉拘挛膝痛，去除五脏胃气的结聚积滞，益气解毒，去除面部黑痣，润泽毛发皮肤，适宜肾脏。
生大豆，味甘、性平、冷、无毒，生捣碎后用醇醋调和涂抹，治疗一切毒肿，并止痛。煮汁冷却后服用，能杀鬼毒，逐水胀，清除胃中热，缓解风痹伤中、淋沥露证及下焦瘀血。散除五脏结积和内寒，对抗乌头及三建（附子、天雄、侧子）的毒性，解百药毒。
赤小豆，味甘、咸、性平、冷、无毒，下水肿，排脓血。又名赤豆。不可长期服用，否则令人干枯无泽。
青小豆（绿豆），味甘、咸、性温平、涩、无毒，主治寒热及热中消渴，止泻利，通利小便，消除呕吐逆气，突发腹部胀满。黄帝说：青小豆与鲤鱼同食，令人眼黄，五年后形成干痎病（慢性疟疾）。
大豆豉（发酵的黑豆），味苦、甘、性寒、涩、无毒，主治伤寒头痛寒热，辟除瘴气恶毒，烦躁胸闷，虚劳喘吸，两脚疼痛寒冷，杀死六畜胎子等诸毒。
扁豆，味甘、性微温、无毒，和中气、降逆气。其叶性平，主治霍乱吐泻不止。
荞麦，味酸、性微寒、无毒，食用后难以消化，易动大热风。其叶生食易动刺风，令人身上发痒。黄帝说：用荞麦面与猪、羊肉热食，不超过八九顿，会引发热风，令人眉毛胡须脱落，即使再生也稀疏稀少。泾水以北地区多患此疾。
大麦，味咸、性微寒、滑、无毒，适宜心脏，主治消渴，除热，长期食用使人多力健行。制作成粥，能消食和中。炒至赤黑色，捣末制成饼，止泻利，配合清醋浆服用，每日三次，夜间一次。
小麦，味甘、性微寒、无毒，养肝气，去除客热，止烦渴咽燥，通利小便，止漏血唾血，使妇女怀孕顺利，易于制曲，主治小儿病食不消，驱除五痔虫，平胃气，消谷止利。
青粱米（小米的一种），味甘、性微寒、无毒，主治胃痹热中，消除消渴，止泻利，通利小便，益气力，补中轻身延年。
粟米（普通小米），味咸、性微寒、无毒，养肾气，去骨痹热中，益气。
陈粟米（存放已久的小米），味苦、性寒、无毒，主治胃中热消渴，通利小便。
丹黍米（红黍米），味苦、性微温、无毒，主治咳逆上气霍乱，止泻利，除热，去烦渴。
白黍米，味甘、辛、性温、无毒，适宜肺脏，补中益气。不可长期食用，多热，令人烦躁。
陈廪米（仓库存放已久的米），味咸、酸、性微寒、无毒，除烦热，降气调胃，止泄利。
秫米（黏高粱米），味甘、性微寒、无毒，主治寒热，通利大肠，治疗漆疮。
酒，味苦、甘、辛、性大热、有毒，运行药势，杀灭百邪恶气。黄帝说：暴泻后饮酒者，膈上变为伏热。扁鹊说：长期饮酒者，腐肠烂胃，溃髓蒸筋，伤神损寿。醉酒后当风而卧，用扇子自扇，会形成恶风；饱食后大量饮水及酒，会形成痞僻（积聚偏枯）。
稷米（糜子），味甘、性平、无毒，益气安中，补虚和胃适宜脾脏。
粳米（大米），味辛、苦、性平、无毒，主治心烦，断下利，平胃气，长肌肉，温中。
醋，味酸、性温、涩、无毒，消痈肿，散水气，杀邪毒血晕。扁鹊说：多食醋，损伤人骨，能理诸药，消毒热。
盐，味咸、性温、无毒，杀鬼蛊邪注毒瓦斯，治疗下部疮疡，伤寒寒热，能吐出胸中痰饮，停止心腹突发疼痛，坚固肌骨。不可多食，伤肺喜咳，令人肤色黑，损筋力。扁鹊说：盐能除一切大风疾痛者，炒热熨敷之。黄帝说：吃完甜粥后立刻食盐即吐，或形成霍乱。
Coix Seed (Yiyiren), sweet in taste, warm in nature, non-toxic. It primarily treats spasm and contracture of sinews preventing flexion and extension, chronic wind-damp bi syndrome, and descends qi. Long-term consumption lightens the body and enhances strength. Its root expels three types of parasites. *Mingyi Bielu* states: Coix Seed removes pathogenic factors causing numbness in bones and sinews, promotes gastrointestinal function, reduces edema, and improves appetite.
Sesamum Indicum (Huma, black sesame), sweet in taste, neutral in nature, non-toxic. It primarily treats internal injury leading to emaciation, tonifies the five zang organs, benefits qi and strength, promotes muscle growth, fills the marrow and brain, strengthens bones and sinews, treats metal wounds (Jinchuang), relieves pain, and addresses deficiency-heat and fatigue after severe vomiting and purging from Cold Damage or Warm Malaria. Long-term consumption lightens the body, delays aging, sharpens hearing and vision, enables tolerance to cold and heat, and prolongs life.
White Sesame (Baimazi), sweet in taste, neutral in nature, non-toxic. It benefits the Liver, tonifies the middle and benefits qi, makes the body robust and healthy, and delays aging. It treats sweating due to Wind-Stroke, promotes urination and water metabolism, breaks up blood stasis and swelling caused by wind-toxin, restores blood vessel patency, and treats residual conditions postpartum.
Maltose (Yi), sweet in taste, slightly warm in nature, non-toxic. It tonifies deficiency-cold, benefits qi and strength, stops intestinal borborygmus and throat pain, eliminates hemoptysis, and alleviates sudden cough.
Soybean Sprouts (Dadou Huangjuan), sweet in taste, neutral in nature, non-toxic. It primarily treats chronic wind-damp bi syndrome, spasm and knee pain, removes stagnation and accumulation of qi in the five zang organs and stomach, benefits qi, detoxifies, removes facial nevi, moistens hair and skin, and benefits the Kidney.
Raw Soybeans (Sheng Dadou), sweet in taste, neutral and cool in nature, non-toxic. When crushed raw and mixed with strong vinegar for topical application, it treats all toxic swellings and relieves pain. When boiled and taken cold, it kills ghost toxins, expels water retention, clears heat in the stomach, alleviates wind-bi damaging the middle, lin syndrome, and lower jiao blood stasis. It disperses internal cold and stagnation in the five zang organs, counteracts the toxicity of Aconite (Wutou) and Sanjian (Fuzi, Tianxiong, Ceziz), and resolves the toxicity of various medicines.
Adzuki Bean (Chixiaodou), sweet and salty in taste, neutral and cool in nature, non-toxic. It promotes urination to reduce edema and drains pus and blood. Also known as Chidou. It should not be consumed long-term as it causes dryness.
Mung Bean (Qingxiaodou), sweet and salty in taste, warm-neutral and astringent in nature, non-toxic. It primarily treats chills and fever, heat in the middle with thirst, stops diarrhea and dysentery, promotes urination, eliminates vomiting and regurgitation, and sudden abdominal fullness. The Yellow Emperor stated: Consuming Mung Beans with carp causes yellow eyes and may lead to dry malaria (Gan Jie) after five years.
Fermented Soybean (Dadou Chi), bitter and sweet in taste, cold and astringent in nature, non-toxic. It primarily treats headache, chills, and fever from Cold Damage, wards off miasma and evil toxins, irritability and chest oppression, deficiency-labor with panting, coldness and pain in both legs, and kills toxins from livestock fetuses.
Hyacinth Bean (Biandou), sweet in taste, slightly warm in nature, non-toxic. It harmonizes the middle and descends adverse qi. Its leaves are neutral in nature and primarily treat persistent vomiting and diarrhea from Cholera-like disorder (Huoluan).
Buckwheat (Qiaomai), sour and slightly cold in nature, non-toxic. It is difficult to digest and tends to stir up wind-heat. Raw leaves tend to stir up piercing wind, causing itching. The Yellow Emperor stated: Eating buckwheat flour with pork or mutton while hot, within eight or nine meals, induces wind-heat, causing eyebrows and beard to fall out; even if they regrow, they remain sparse. This condition is common north of the Jing River.
Barley (Damai), salty and slightly cold and slippery in nature, non-toxic. It benefits the Heart, treats thirst (Xiaoke), clears heat, and long-term consumption increases strength and walking ability. Made into porridge, it aids digestion and harmonizes the middle. Roasted until dark red-black, pounded into powder to make cakes, it stops diarrhea. Taken with clear vinegar juice, three times daily and once at night.
Wheat (Xiaomai), sweet and slightly cold in nature, non-toxic. It nourishes Liver qi, dispels exogenous heat, stops irritability, thirst, and dry throat, promotes urination, stops leakage of blood and hemoptysis, ensures successful pregnancy in women, facilitates fermentation starter production, treats pediatric food stagnation, expels parasites from the five hemorrhoids, regulates Stomach qi, aids grain digestion, and stops diarrhea.
Green Glutinous Millet (Qingliangmi), sweet and slightly cold in nature, non-toxic. It primarily treats Stomach bi and heat in the middle, eliminates thirst, stops diarrhea, promotes urination, benefits qi and strength, tonifies the middle, lightens the body, and prolongs life.
Yellow Glutinous Millet (Huangliangmi), sweet in taste, neutral in nature, non-toxic. It benefits qi, harmonizes the middle, and stops diarrhea.
White Glutinous Millet (Bailiangmi), sweet and slightly cold in nature, non-toxic. It clears heat and benefits qi.
Common Millet (Sumi), salty and slightly cold in nature, non-toxic. It nourishes Kidney qi, removes bone bi and heat in the middle, and benefits qi.
Aged Common Millet (Chen Sumi), bitter and cold in nature, non-toxic. It primarily treats heat in the stomach with thirst and promotes urination.
Red Millet (Danshumimi), bitter and slightly warm in nature, non-toxic. It primarily treats retching, upward rushing of qi, and cholera-like disorder, stops diarrhea, clears heat, and removes irritability and thirst.
White Millet (Baishumi), sweet and pungent, warm in nature, non-toxic. It benefits the Lung, tonifies the middle and benefits qi. It should not be eaten long-term as it generates excessive heat and causes irritability.
Aged Granary Rice (Chen Linmi), salty and sour, slightly cold in nature, non-toxic. It clears irritability and heat, descends qi, regulates the Stomach, and stops diarrhea.
Rice (Jingmi - note: context implies generic rice or specific variety distinct from glutinous), bitter and slightly warm in nature, non-toxic. It primarily treats cold in the middle, descends qi, and clears heat.
Sorghum (Shumi), sweet and slightly cold in nature, non-toxic. It primarily treats chills and fever, promotes large intestine function, and treats lacquer dermatitis (Qichuang).
Alcohol (Jiu), bitter, sweet, and pungent, very hot in nature, toxic. It promotes the action of medicines and kills various evil qi. The Yellow Emperor stated: Drinking alcohol after sudden diarrhea causes latent heat above the diaphragm. Bian Que stated: Long-term alcohol consumption rots the intestines and stomach, dissolves marrow, steams sinews, damages spirit, and shortens lifespan. Sleeping in the wind while drunk and fanning oneself causes malignant wind. Drinking excessive water and alcohol after a full meal leads to accumulation and paralysis (Pipi).
Foxtail Millet (Jimimi), sweet in taste, neutral in nature, non-toxic. It benefits qi, calms the middle, tonifies deficiency, harmonizes the Stomach, and benefits the Spleen.
Short-grain Rice (Jingmi), pungent and bitter, neutral in nature, non-toxic. It primarily treats mental restlessness, stops diarrhea, regulates Stomach qi, promotes muscle growth, and warms the middle.
Glutinous Rice (Nuomi), bitter and warm in nature, non-toxic. It warms the middle, improves appetite, generates excessive heat, and causes hard stools.
Vinegar (Cu), sour, warm, and astringent in nature, non-toxic. It reduces carbuncles and swellings, dissipates water qi, and kills evil toxins causing blood vertigo. Bian Que stated: Excessive vinegar consumption damages bones but can regulate various medicines and clear toxic heat.
Salt (Yan), salty and warm in nature, non-toxic. It kills ghost蛊 (gu poison), evil influences, and toxic vapors, treats sores in the lower part, chills and fever from Cold Damage, expels phlegm from the chest, stops sudden heart and abdominal pain, and strengthens muscles and bones. It should not be consumed excessively as it damages the Lungs (causing cough), darkens skin, and weakens sinews and strength. Bian Que stated: Salt can relieve all great wind diseases and pains when applied hot after frying. The Yellow Emperor stated: Eating salt immediately after sweet porridge induces vomiting or causes cholera-like disorder.