轻，发表和里，宣，通阳活血
生辛散，熟甘温（陶宏景曰∶白冷青热，伤寒汤中不得用青），外实中空，肺之菜也。
肺主皮毛，其合阳明（大肠）。故发汗解肌，以通上下阳气（仲景白通汤、通脉四逆汤并加
之，以通脉回阳），益目睛（白睛属肺），利耳鸣，通二便（时珍曰∶葱管吹盐入玉茎中，治
小便不通，及转脬危急者极效）。治伤寒头痛，时疾热狂，阴毒腹痛（阴证厥逆，用葱白安
脐上熨之）。气通则血活（气为血帅），故治吐血衄血，便血痢血（《食医心镜》∶葱煮粥食，
治赤白痢，薤粥亦良），折伤血出（火煨研封，止痛无瘢），乳痈风痹，通乳安胎（妇人妊娠
伤寒，葱白一物汤，发汗而安胎，加生姜亦佳。《删繁方》∶合香豉、阿胶，治胎动）。通气
故能解毒，杀药毒、鱼肉毒、蚯蚓毒、 犬毒。诸物皆宜，故曰菜伯，又曰和事草。取白连
须
用，亦有用青者。同蜜食杀人，同枣食令人病（《百一方》∶患外痔者，先用木鳖煎汤熏洗，
以青葱涎对蜜调敷，其凉如冰。《独行方》∶水病足肿，煮汤渍之，日三五度佳）。
张骞使西域，始得种入中国，故一名葫
宣，通窍，辟恶
辛温。开胃健脾，通五脏，达诸窍（凡极臭极香之物，皆能通窍），去寒湿，解暑气，
辟瘟疫，消痈肿（捣烂，麻油调敷），破症积，化肉食，杀蛇虫蛊毒。治中暑不醒（捣，和
地浆温服），鼻衄不止（捣，贴足心，能引热下行），关格不通（捣，纳肛中，能通幽门）。
敷脐能达下焦，消水，利大、小便。切片，灼艾，灸（音九）一切痈疽，恶疮肿核。独头者
尤良（李迅曰∶痈疽着灸，胜于诸药。缘热毒中膈，上下不通，必得毒瓦斯发泄，然后解散。
初起便用独头大蒜，切片灸之，三壮一易，百壮为率。但头项以上，切不可灸，恐引气上，
更生大祸也。史源曰∶有灸至八百壮者，约艾一筛，初坏肉不痛，直灸到好肉方痛。至夜，
火满背高阜，头孔百数，则毒外出，否则内逼五脏而危矣。《纲目》曰∶《精要》谓头上毒
不得灸，此言过矣。头为诸阳所聚，艾宜小如椒粒，炷宜三五壮而已。又按∶李东垣灸元好
问脑疽，艾大如两核许，灸至百壮，始觉痛而痊。由是推之，头毒若不痛者，艾大壮多，亦
无妨也）。然其气熏臭，多食生痰动火，散气耗血，损目昏神（五荤皆然，而蒜尤甚。《楞严
经》云∶五荤熟食发淫，生啖增恚，故释氏戒之。释家以大蒜、小蒜、兴渠、慈葱、 葱为
五荤。慈葱，冬葱也； 葱，山葱也；兴渠，西域菜，云即中国之荽。道家以韭、薤、蒜、
胡荽、芸苔为五荤。芸苔，油菜也）。忌蜜。
生葱味辛能发散，熟葱味甘性温（陶弘景说：白葱性凉，青葱性热，治疗伤寒的汤剂中不得使用青葱）。葱的外皮坚实而内部中空，是入肺经的蔬菜。
肺主司皮毛，与大肠相表里（合阳明经）。因此，它能发汗解肌，疏通上下的阳气（张仲景在白通汤、通脉四逆汤中加入葱白，用以通脉回阳），有益目睛（白睛属肺），缓解耳鸣，通畅大小便（李时珍说：将葱管插入尿道并吹入盐，治疗小便不通及转脬危急之症，效果极佳）。治疗伤寒引起的头痛、流行性热病导致的狂躁、阴毒腹痛（阴证厥逆，用葱白放在脐上熨烫）。气机通畅则血液运行活跃（气为血之帅），因此能治疗吐血、鼻出血、便血、痢疾便血（《食医心镜》记载：煮葱粥食用，治疗赤白痢疾，吃薤白粥也很好），以及跌打损伤出血（用火煨后研末外敷，止痛且不留疤痕），还能治疗乳痈、风痹，具有通乳安胎的作用（妇女妊娠期间患伤寒，单用葱白煎汤，既能发汗又能安胎，加入生姜效果更好。《删繁方》记载：配合香豉、阿胶，治疗胎动不安）。因为能通气，所以具有解毒功效，能解除药物中毒、鱼肉中毒、蚯蚓毒、犬咬伤毒。它适用于各种食物，所以被称为“菜伯”，又被称为“和事草”。使用时取葱白连须一起使用，也有时使用青葱部分。与蜂蜜同食会致人死亡，与大枣同食会让人生病（《百一方》记载：患有外痔的人，先用木鳖子煎汤熏洗，再用青葱汁液调和蜂蜜外敷，感觉冰凉如冰。《独行方》记载：水肿足肿，煮葱汤浸泡患处，每天三到五次效果佳）。
张骞出使西域，才开始引入种植到中国，所以又名葫蒜（注：此处原文可能有误或指代特定品种，通常大蒜称胡蒜，小蒜称葫，但依原文翻译）。
气味辛温。能开胃健脾，通达五脏，开通各个孔窍（凡是极臭或极香的东西，都能通窍），去除寒湿，解除暑气，辟除瘟疫，消除痈肿（捣烂后用麻油调敷），破除癥瘕积聚，消化肉食，杀灭蛇虫蛊毒。治疗中暑昏迷不醒（捣碎，混合地浆温服），鼻出血不止（捣碎，贴敷脚心，能引热下行），关格不通（捣碎，纳入肛门，能通幽门）。敷在脐部能到达下焦，消除水肿，利大小便。切片后，燃烧艾条灸治一切痈疽、恶疮肿核。独头蒜效果尤佳（李迅说：痈疽用艾灸治疗，胜过其他药物。因为热毒郁结在中焦，上下不通，必须让毒气发泄出来，然后才能解散。初起时就使用独头大蒜，切片后艾灸，每三次更换一次，以一百壮为限度。但是头项以上部位，切不可艾灸，恐怕引气上行，反而造成大祸。史源说：有艾灸达到八百壮的，大约用了一筛子的艾绒，刚开始坏肉处不痛，一直灸到好肉处才感到疼痛。到了晚上，火光照亮背部高处，头部有一百多个孔洞，毒气就从外部排出，否则就会内逼五脏而导致危险。《本草纲目》说：《精要》认为头上毒疮不能灸，这种说法是错误的。头部是诸阳经汇聚之处，艾炷应小如花椒粒，每穴灸三五壮即可。另外按：李东垣曾灸元好问的脑疽，艾炷大如两个核，灸至一百壮，才开始感到疼痛而痊愈。由此推断，头部的毒疮如果不痛，使用大艾炷多壮数，也没有妨碍）。然而蒜气熏臭，多吃容易生痰动火，耗散气机、损耗血液，损害视力、昏乱精神（五荤皆如此，而蒜尤为严重。《楞严经》说：五荤熟食引发淫欲，生吃增加嗔怒，所以佛教徒戒食。佛家将大蒜、小蒜、兴渠、慈葱、茖葱列为五荤。慈葱，即冬葱；茖葱，即山葱；兴渠，是西域蔬菜，据说就是中国的芫荽。道家将韭菜、薤白、蒜、胡荽、芸苔列为五荤。芸苔，即油菜）。忌与蜂蜜同食。
Light in nature, it releases the exterior and harmonizes the interior, unblocks Yang Qi, and invigorates blood circulation.
Raw garlic chives (Congbai) are pungent and dispersing; cooked ones are sweet and warm (Tao Hongjing stated: White chives are cool, green chives are hot; green chives should not be used in decoctions for treating Cold Damage). The exterior is solid while the interior is hollow, making it a vegetable corresponding to the Lung meridian.
The Lung governs the skin and hair, and its interior-exterior pair is the Large Intestine (Yangming Meridian). Therefore, it induces sweating to release the muscle layer, and unblocks the Yang Qi of the upper and lower body (Zhang Zhongjing added Congbai to Baitong Decoction and Tongmai Sini Decoction to unblock vessels and restore Yang), benefits the eyes (the sclera belongs to the Lung), relieves tinnitus, and promotes the free flow of urination and defecation (Li Shizhen stated: Inserting a chive tube into the urethra and blowing salt into it is extremely effective for treating urinary retention and critical cases of bladder torsion). It treats headache caused by Cold Damage, mania due to epidemic febrile diseases, and abdominal pain from Yin toxicity (for Yin syndrome with cold extremities, apply Congbai on the navel and moxa or iron it). When Qi flows freely, Blood circulates actively (Qi is the commander of Blood); thus, it treats hematemesis, epistaxis, hematochezia, and bloody dysentery (Food Doctor's Heart Mirror recorded: Eating chive porridge treats red and white dysentery; eating Allium macrostemon porridge is also good). For traumatic injuries with bleeding, fire-roast and powder it for external application to stop pain without scarring. It treats breast abscesses and wind-bi syndromes, promotes lactation, and calms the fetus (For pregnant women suffering from Cold Damage, a single-ingredient Chive White Decoction induces sweating and calms the fetus; adding fresh ginger is also excellent. Shanfan Fang recorded: Combined with Fermented Soybean Paste and Donkey-hide Gelatin, it treats restless fetus). Because it unblocks Qi, it can detoxify, neutralizing drug poison, fish and meat poison, earthworm poison, and dog bite poison. It suits various foods, hence called "Vegetable Elder" and "Harmonizing Grass". Use the white part with roots attached; sometimes the green part is used. Consuming it with honey is fatal; consuming it with dates causes illness (Baiyi Fang recorded: For patients with external hemorrhoids, first fumigate and wash with a decoction of Sparganii Rhizoma, then apply a mixture of green chive juice and honey, which feels as cool as ice. Duxing Fang recorded: For edema and swollen feet, boil chives in water and soak the affected area three to five times daily for best results).
Zhang Qian brought seeds from the Western Regions, introducing them to China, so it is also known as Hu Suan (Garlic).
Pungent and warm. It opens the stomach and strengthens the spleen, unblocks the Five Zang organs, and reaches all orifices (Any substance that is extremely odorous or fragrant can unblock orifices). It dispels cold-dampness, resolves summerheat, wards off plagues, reduces carbuncles and swellings (mash and mix with sesame oil for topical application), breaks up masses and accumulations, digests meat, and kills snake, insect, and gu poisons. It treats coma due to heatstroke (mash and take warm with dijiang [earth slurry]). For intractable epistaxis, mash and apply to the sole of the foot to guide heat downward. For Guan Ge syndrome (obstruction of upper and lower pathways), mash and insert into the anus to open the pylorus. Applied to the umbilicus, it reaches the Lower Jiao, reduces edema, and promotes urination and defecation. Slice it, burn mugwort, and moxa for all carbuncles, malignant sores, and swollen nodules. Single-clove garlic is particularly effective (Li Xun stated: Moxibustion for carbuncles and ulcers is superior to other medicines. This is because heat-toxin stagnates in the middle jiao, blocking upper and lower passages; the toxic vapors must be vented before resolution. At the onset, use single-clove garlic, slice it, and moxa; change every three applications, with one hundred applications as a standard limit. However, never moxa the head and neck region, as it may draw Qi upward and cause greater disaster. Shi Yuan stated: There were cases of eight hundred applications, using about one sieve of mugwort. Initially, the necrotic tissue did not hurt; only when reaching healthy flesh did pain occur. By night, the fire illuminated the high points of the back, with hundreds of holes in the head, allowing toxins to exit externally; otherwise, they would press inward against the Five Zang, leading to danger. Compendium of Materia Medica stated: Jingyao claimed head toxins cannot be moxa-ed, which is incorrect. The head is the gathering place of all Yang meridians; mugwort cones should be small like peppercorns, and three to five applications per point suffice. Additionally: Li Dongyuan moxa-ed Yuan Haowen's brain carbuncle using cones as large as two nuts, applying one hundred applications until pain was felt, leading to recovery. From this, it can be inferred that for head toxins that do not hurt, larger cones and more applications are acceptable). However, its odor is pungent and foul; excessive consumption generates phlegm and fire, dissipates Qi, depletes Blood, and impairs vision and spirit (This applies to all Five Pungents, but especially garlic. Sutra of Perfect Enlightenment stated: Cooked Five Pungents provoke lust, while raw ones increase anger; therefore, Buddhists abstain from them. Buddhism classifies Garlic, Small Garlic, Asafoetida, Ci Cong (Winter Scallion), and Ge Cong (Mountain Scallion) as the Five Pungents. Ci Cong refers to winter scallions; Ge Cong refers to mountain scallions; Asafoetida is a Western Region vegetable, said to be equivalent to Coriander in China. Taoism classifies Chinese Chives, Macrostemon, Garlic, Coriander, and Rapeseed as the Five Pungents. Rapeseed refers to Brassica napus). Avoid consuming with honey.