经言寸口主中，人迎主外，两者相应，俱往俱来若引绳，大小齐等。春夏人迎微大，秋冬寸口微大，如
是者为平人。寸口即太阴气口，《内经》本以人迎察六腑之阳，气口察五脏之阴。若人迎盛至四倍，且大且数，
名溢阳，为外格。此孤阳独存，水不济火，阴为阳格也。寸口盛至四倍，且大且数，名溢阴，为内关。此元阴
失附，气不归精，阳为阴关也。人迎气口俱盛，且大且数，为关格，与之短期。此阳气不藏，故阴中无阳，
阴气不升，故阳中无阴，阴阳相离，死不治。越人以上鱼为溢，为外关内格；入尺为复，为内关外格。及仲景、
东垣等，以在尺为关，在寸为格，皆与经背。
〔滋液〕生脉散 见一卷暑。
〔豁痰〕大半夏汤 参 夏 白蜜
〔和阴〕甘露饮 见二卷衄血。
〔降逆〕降气汤 见二卷失音。
〔通痞〕半夏泻心汤 见一卷温。
〔液虚〕一阴煎 见二卷咳嗽。
〔滋阴〕大营煎 熟地（三钱） 当归 杞子 杜仲（各二钱） 牛膝（钱半） 肉桂 炙草（各一钱）
〔填虚〕大补元煎 人参 山药 当归 杞子 杜仲（各二钱） 熟地（三钱） 萸肉 炙草（各一钱）
〔调理〕三阴煎 见二卷汗。
天地之气和，则 戾不作；生人之气和，则诸疾不兴。其氤氲一身，有宗气、有卫气、有元气、有中气。
宗气积于胸中，为气之海；卫气行于脉外，为营之护；元气根于脾土，中气出纳丹田。顾经云∶百病皆生于
气者。由六淫戕于外，七情战于中，则气之冲和者致偏，清纯者化浊，流利者反滞，顺行者多逆。如寒
则气收，暑则气泄，喜则气缓，怒则气上，悲则气消，恐则气下，惊则气乱，思则气结，劳则气耗。清
气在下，则生飧泄；浊气在上，则生 胀。甚则厥逆哕呃，痞呕噎膈，攻逐刺痛，无非气所主病。局方治法，
通用辛香燥剂，然当审其虚实新久。如气虚宜培，用四君、补中、保元诸汤。气实宜泄，用七气、五磨、降气
诸汤。新病胀满，宜辛通，用半夏、砂仁、枳壳、苏子、杏仁、生姜、蒜。久抱悒郁，宜温散，用越鞠丸去
苍术、神曲，加木香、郁金、陈皮。肺气 郁，宜开，用桔梗。栝蒌、杏仁、枇杷叶、贝母、桑白皮。虚促
宜敛，补肺汤。肝气升逆，宜降，青皮、枳壳、降香、浓朴，香附、苏子。燥急宜缓，白芍、甘草、木瓜、
阿胶、生地、石斛。胆气郁滞，宜和，温胆汤。火热宜泄，丹皮、嫩桑叶、连翘、山栀、龙胆草、黄芩。
胃气结燥，宜疏，苏梗、枳实、藿香、栝蒌、竹茹、木瓜。 痛宜调，乌药、香附、半夏、丁香、广皮、煨姜。
木火乘土，宜平。胆乘脾，戊己汤。肝乘胃，白芍、陈皮、枳壳、浓朴、乌梅、吴茱萸。腑不宣通，宜升降，
正气散，降气汤。肾气厥逆，宜温，吴茱萸汤。三焦痞塞，宜运，丁香五套丸。六气失调，伤暑霍乱，清不升，
浊不降，六和汤。七情气郁，喉间如絮，咯不出，咽不下，三因七气汤。气痞，半夏泻心汤。气结，沉香化气
丸。气虚挟滞，异功散，寒者治中汤。挟痰，二陈汤加香附、枳壳。挟火，左金丸、龙胆泻肝汤、戊己丸、
火郁汤。挟寒，乌沉汤。挟食，大和中饮，或保和丸。挟血瘀，血郁汤。噫嗳，代赭旋复汤。呃逆，橘皮竹茹
汤。刺痛，木香调气汤。膈噎，神香散、秘传膈噎膏。怒后胁满，解肝煎去砂仁，加山栀、金橘。暴怒气厥，
人事不省，苏合香丸灌之。妇女
血气攻冲，心腹猝痛，乌沉汤。大约气行则痛止，气调则血和。清者宜升，浊者宜降。郁则生火，滞则生痰。
辛香暂用开导，燥热又易劫阴。以气本属阳，有余便是火。且上升之气，自肝而出，中挟相火，故气病多属肝
逆犯胃，肝阳化风。再若冲脉失镇，丹田失纳，肺肾不交，喘促交至。治气者，当从此际参之。
古籍记载：寸口脉主要反映体内（脏腑）的情况，人迎脉主要反映体表（经络）的情况。两者应当相互呼应，如同拉紧的绳索一样，大小相等。春夏季节人迎脉略微偏大，秋冬季节寸口脉略微偏大，像这样的人是健康无病的平人。寸口即太阴经的气口，《内经》原本用人迎脉来诊察六腑的阳气，用气口来诊察五脏的阴气。如果人迎脉盛大达到正常四倍，且脉形大、脉率快，称为“溢阳”，属于“外格”。这是孤阳独存，肾水不能上济心火，阴气被阳气格拒于外的病证。如果寸口脉盛大达到正常四倍，且脉形大、脉率快，称为“溢阴”，属于“内关”。这是元阴失去依附，气不能归于精，阳气被阴气闭塞于内的病证。如果人迎和气口都盛大，且脉形大、脉率快，称为“关格”，预后不良，可预测其死期。这是因为阳气不能潜藏，所以阴中没有阳；阴气不能上升，所以阳中没有阴，阴阳相互离决，属于死证，无法治疗。越人（扁鹊）认为脉气上溢至鱼际为“溢”，属于“外关内格”；脉气下入尺部为“复”，属于“内关外格”。到了张仲景、李东垣等人，则以脉在尺部为“关”，在寸部为“格”，这些都与经典经文相违背。
〔滋液法〕生脉散 见一卷暑病篇。
〔豁痰法〕大半夏汤 人参、半夏、白蜜
〔和阴法〕甘露饮 见二卷衄血篇。
〔降逆法〕降气汤 见二卷失音篇。
〔通痞法〕半夏泻心汤 见一卷温病篇。
〔液虚法〕一阴煎 见二卷咳嗽篇。
〔滋阴法〕大营煎 熟地黄（三钱）、当归、枸杞子、杜仲（各二钱）、牛膝（一钱半）、肉桂、炙甘草（各一钱）
〔填虚法〕大补元煎 人参、山药、当归、枸杞子、杜仲（各二钱）、熟地黄（三钱）、山茱萸、炙甘草（各一钱）
〔调理法〕三阴煎 见二卷汗病篇。
天地之气和谐，则疫疠之气不产生；人体之气和谐，则各种疾病不发生。氤氲弥漫于全身的气，有宗气、卫气、元气、中气之分。宗气积聚在胸中，是气的海洋；卫气运行在脉管之外，是营气的护卫；元气根源于脾土，中气出入于丹田。然而经典说：“百病皆生于气。”由于六淫邪气侵害于外，七情内伤交战于内，导致气的冲和状态出现偏颇，清纯的状态化为浊滞，流利的气机反而停滞，顺行的气机多变为逆乱。如寒邪则使气收敛，暑邪则使气泄散，喜则使气舒缓，怒则使气上逆，悲则使气消减，恐则使气下沉，惊则使气紊乱，思则使气结聚，劳倦则使气耗损。清气在下，则产生完谷不化的飧泄；浊气在上，则产生胀满。严重时出现厥逆、呃逆、嗳气，痞满、呕吐、噎膈，攻冲刺痛等，无非都是气机失调所致的主病。《局方》的治疗方法，通用辛香燥烈的药物，但应当审察其虚实和新久。如气虚适宜培补，使用四君子汤、补中益气汤、保元汤等方剂。气实适宜疏泄，使用七气汤、五磨饮子、降气汤等方剂。新病胀满，适宜辛散通利，使用半夏、砂仁、枳壳、苏子、杏仁、生姜、蒜。长期怀抱忧郁，适宜温散，使用越鞠丸去掉苍术、神曲，加入木香、郁金、陈皮。肺气郁闭，适宜开宣，使用桔梗、栝蒌、杏仁、枇杷叶、贝母、桑白皮。虚性喘促适宜收敛，使用补肺汤。肝气升发太过而上逆，适宜降逆，使用青皮、枳壳、降香、厚朴、香附、苏子。燥急适宜缓和，使用白芍、甘草、木瓜、阿胶、生地、石斛。胆气郁滞，适宜和解，使用温胆汤。火热适宜清泄，使用丹皮、嫩桑叶、连翘、山栀、龙胆草、黄芩。胃气结燥，适宜疏理，使用苏梗、枳实、藿香、栝蒌、竹茹、木瓜。疼痛适宜调治，使用乌药、香附、半夏、丁香、广皮、煨姜。木火乘土，适宜平抑。胆气乘脾，使用戊己汤。肝气乘胃，使用白芍、陈皮、枳壳、厚朴、乌梅、吴茱萸。腑气不通畅，适宜升降气机，使用正气散、降气汤。肾气厥逆，适宜温补，使用吴茱萸汤。三焦痞塞，适宜运化，使用丁香五套丸。六气失调，伤暑霍乱，清阳不升，浊阴不降，使用六和汤。七情气郁，喉间如有絮状物，咳不出，咽不下，使用三因七气汤。气痞，使用半夏泻心汤。气结，使用沉香化气丸。气虚兼有积滞，使用异功散，寒者使用治中汤。兼有痰湿，使用二陈汤加香附、枳壳。兼有火热，使用左金丸、龙胆泻肝汤、戊己丸、火郁汤。兼有寒邪，使用乌沉汤。兼有食积，使用大和中饮，或保和丸。兼有血瘀，使用血郁汤。嗳气，使用代赭旋复汤。呃逆，使用橘皮竹茹汤。刺痛，使用木香调气汤。膈噎，使用神香散、秘传膈噎膏。愤怒后胁肋胀满，使用解肝煎去掉砂仁，加入山栀、金橘。暴怒气厥，人事不省，灌服苏合香丸。妇女血气攻冲，心腹突然疼痛，使用乌沉汤。大概气行则痛止，气调则血和。清气宜升，浊气宜降。气郁则生火，气滞则生痰。辛香之品暂时使用可以开导，但燥热之品又容易劫伤阴液。因为气本属阳，有余便是火。而且上升之气，发自肝脏，中间夹杂相火，所以气病多属于肝气上逆犯胃，肝阳化风。如果再出现冲脉失于镇摄，丹田失于纳气，肺肾不交，喘促交替发作。治疗气病的人，应当从这些方面加以参详。
The classics state: The Cun Kou (Inch Port) pulse primarily reflects the interior (Zang-Fu organs), while the Ren Ying (Human Welcome) pulse primarily reflects the exterior (Meridians). The two should correspond with each other, moving together as tautly as a drawn rope, and their magnitudes should be equal. In spring and summer, the Ren Ying pulse is slightly larger; in autumn and winter, the Cun Kou pulse is slightly larger. Such a presentation indicates a healthy individual (Ping Ren). The Cun Kou is also known as the Qi Kou of the Taiyin Meridian. The *Nei Jing* originally used the Ren Ying pulse to inspect the Yang Qi of the Six Fu Organs, and the Qi Kou to inspect the Yin Qi of the Five Zang Organs. If the Ren Ying pulse is excessive, reaching four times its normal magnitude, and is both large and rapid, it is named "Yi Yang" (Overflowing Yang), constituting "Wai Ge" (External Grid/Rejection). This represents solitary Yang existing alone, where Kidney Water fails to nourish Heart Fire, and Yin Qi is rejected by Yang Qi outside. If the Cun Kou pulse is excessive, reaching four times its normal magnitude, and is both large and rapid, it is named "Yi Yin" (Overflowing Yin), constituting "Guan Nei" (Internal Closure). This represents Yuan Yin losing its attachment, Qi failing to return to Essence, and Yang Qi being blocked by Yin Qi inside. If both Ren Ying and Qi Kou pulses are excessive, large, and rapid, it is named "Guan Ge" (Closure and Rejection), indicating a short life expectancy. This is because Yang Qi fails to store, so there is no Yang within Yin; Yin Qi fails to ascend, so there is no Yin within Yang. Yin and Yang separate from each other, resulting in a fatal condition that cannot be treated. Yue Ren (Bian Que) stated that if the pulse overflows to the Yu Ji area, it is "Yi," constituting "Wai Guan Nei Ge" (External Closure, Internal Rejection); if the pulse enters the Chi position, it is "Fu," constituting "Guan Nei Wai Ge" (Internal Closure, External Rejection). Later, Zhang Zhongjing and Li Dongyuan, among others, defined "Guan" as occurring at the Chi position and "Ge" at the Cun position, which all contradict the classic texts.
[Nourishing Fluids Method] Sheng Mai San (Generate the Pulse Powder) - See Volume I, Summer-heat chapter.
[Resolving Phlegm Method] Da Ban Xia Tang (Major Pinellia Decoction) - Ren Shen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma), Ban Xia (Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum cum Zingibere et Alumine), Bai Mi (White Honey).
[Harmonizing Yin Method] Gan Lu Yin (Sweet Dew Decoction) - See Volume II, Epistaxis chapter.
[Descending Rebellious Qi Method] Jiang Qi Tang (Descend Qi Decoction) - See Volume II, Aphonia chapter.
[Unblocking Obstruction Method] Ban Xia Xie Xin Tang (Pinellia Decoction to Drain the Epigastrium) - See Volume I, Warm Disease chapter.
[Fluid Deficiency Method] Yi Yin Jian (One Yin Decoction) - See Volume II, Cough chapter.
[Nourishing Yin Method] Da Ying Jian (Great Nourishment Decoction) - Shu Di Huang (Prepared Rehmanniae Radix) (3 qian), Dang Gui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), Gou Qi Zi (Lycii Fructus), Du Zhong (Eucommiae Cortex) (each 2 qian), Niu Xi (Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix) (1.5 qian), Rou Gui (Cinnamomi Cortex), Zhi Gan Cao (Honey-fried Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) (each 1 qian).
[Filling Deficiency Method] Da Bu Yuan Jian (Great Tonification Source Decoction) - Ren Shen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma), Shan Yao (Dioscoreae Rhizoma), Dang Gui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), Gou Qi Zi (Lycii Fructus), Du Zhong (Eucommiae Cortex) (each 2 qian), Shu Di Huang (Prepared Rehmanniae Radix) (3 qian), Yu Rou (Corni Fructus), Zhi Gan Cao (Honey-fried Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) (each 1 qian).
[Regulating Method] San Yin Jian (Three Yin Decoction) - See Volume II, Sweating chapter.
When the Qi of Heaven and Earth is harmonious, pestilential pathogens do not arise; when the Qi of human life is harmonious, various diseases do not emerge. The Qi permeating the body includes Zong Qi (Pectoral Qi), Wei Qi (Defensive Qi), Yuan Qi (Source Qi), and Zhong Qi (Middle Qi). Zong Qi accumulates in the chest, serving as the Sea of Qi; Wei Qi circulates outside the vessels, acting as the protector of Ying Qi (Nutritive Qi); Yuan Qi is rooted in Spleen Earth, and Zhong Qi enters and exits the Dantian. However, the classics state: "All diseases arise from Qi." Due to the invasion of the Six Excesses (Six Pathogenic Factors) externally and the internal conflict of the Seven Emotions, the harmonious nature of Qi becomes biased, pure Qi transforms into turbid Qi, smooth flow becomes stagnant, and forward movement often turns into rebellion. For instance, Cold causes Qi to contract; Summer-heat causes Qi to leak; Joy causes Qi to slacken; Anger causes Qi to rise; Sorrow causes Qi to dissipate; Fear causes Qi to sink; Shock causes Qi to become disordered; Thought causes Qi to knot; Labor causes Qi to be consumed. Clear Qi remaining below leads to undigested stool diarrhea (Sun Xie); Turbid Qi remaining above leads to distension. In severe cases, Jue Ni (Cold extremities/reversal), E'e (hiccup/belching), Pi (fullness/obstruction), Ou (vomiting), and Ye Ge (dysphagia/chest obstruction) occur, along with attacking stabbing pain. These are all diseases primarily governed by Qi disorders. The treatment methods in the *Ju Fang* generally use pungent, aromatic, and drying agents, but one must examine whether the condition is excess or deficiency, new or chronic. For Qi deficiency suitable for tonification, use Si Jun Zi Tang (Four Gentlemen Decoction), Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang (Tonify the Middle and Augment the Qi Decoction), Bao Yuan Tang (Preserve the Source Decoction), etc. For Qi excess suitable for draining, use Qi Qi Tang (Seven Qi Decoction), Wu Mo Yin Zi (Five Grinds Drink), Jiang Qi Tang (Descend Qi Decoction), etc. For new-onset distension, use pungent unblocking agents such as Ban Xia (Pinelliae Rhizoma), Sha Ren (Amomi Fructus), Zhi Ke (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus), Su Zi (Perillae Fructus), Xing Ren (Armeniacae Semen Amarum), Sheng Jiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens), and Suan (Allii Cepae Bulbus). For long-standing depression, use warming dispersants such as Yue Ju Wan (Resolve Depression Pill) minus Cang Zhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma) and Shen Qu (Massae Fermentatae Medicinalis), plus Mu Xiang (Aucklandiae Radix), Yu Jin (Curcumae Longae Radix), and Chen Pi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium). For Lung Qi stagnation, use opening agents such as Jie Geng (Platycodonis Radix), Gua Lou (Trichosanthis Fructus), Xing Ren (Armeniacae Semen Amarum), Pi Pa Ye (Loquat Leaf), Bei Mu (Fritillariae Bulbus), and Sang Bai Pi (Mori Cortex). For deficiency-type panting, use astringents such as Bu Fei Tang (Tonify the Lung Decoction). For Liver Qi rising rebelliously, use descending agents such as Qing Pi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride), Zhi Ke (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus), Jiang Xiang (Dalbergiae Odoriferae Lignum), Hou Po (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex), Xiang Fu (Cyperi Rhizoma), and Su Zi (Perillae Fructus). For dryness and urgency, use soothing agents such as Bai Shao (Paeoniae Radix Alba), Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), Mu Gua (Chaenomelis Fructus), E Jiao (Colla Corii Asini), Sheng Di Huang (Rehmanniae Radix), and Shi Hu (Dendrobii Caulis). For Gallbladder Qi stagnation, use harmonizing agents such as Wen Dan Tang (Warm the Gallbladder Decoction). For Fire-Heat, use draining agents such as Dan Pi (Moutan Cortex), Nen Sang Ye (Young Mulberry Leaf), Lian Qiao (Forsythiae Fructus), Shan Zhi (Gardeniae Fructus), Long Dan Cao (Gentianae Radix), and Huang Qin (Scutellariae Radix). for Stomach Qi knotting and dryness, use regulating agents such as Su Geng (Perillae Caulis), Zhi Shi (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus), Huo Xiang (Agastaches Herba), Gua Lou (Trichosanthis Fructus), Zhu Ru (Bambusae Caulis in Taenia), and Mu Gua (Chaenomelis Fructus). For pain, use regulating agents such as Wu Yao (Linderae Radix), Xiang Fu (Cyperi Rhizoma), Ban Xia (Pinelliae Rhizoma), Ding Xiang (Eugeniae Flos), Guang Pi (Tangerine Peel), and Wei Jiang (Ginger roasted in bran). For Wood-Fire invading Earth, use calming agents. For Gallbladder invading Spleen, use Wu Ji Tang (Wu-Ji Decoction). For Liver invading Stomach, use Bai Shao (Paeoniae Radix Alba), Chen Pi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium), Zhi Ke (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus), Hou Po (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex), Wu Mei (Mume Fructus), and Wu Zhu Yu (Evodiae Fructus). For Fu Organ blockage, use ascending-descending agents such as Zheng Qi San (Upright Qi Powder) and Jiang Qi Tang (Descend Qi Decoction). for Kidney Qi reversal, use warming agents such as Wu Zhu Yu Tang (Evodia Decoction). For San Jiao (Triple Burner) blockage, use transforming agents such as Ding Xiang Wu Tao Wan (Cloves Five-Petal Pill). For Disharmony of the Six Qi, Summer-heat and Cholera, where clear Yang does not ascend and turbid Yin does not descend, use Liu He Tang (Six Harmonies Decoction). for Seven Emotions Qi stagnation, with a sensation of cotton in the throat, unable to cough up or swallow down, use San Yin Qi Qi Tang (Three Causes Seven Qi Decoction). For Qi Pi (Qi Obstruction), use Ban Xia Xie Xin Tang (Pinellia Decoction to Drain the Epigastrium). For Qi Jie (Qi Knot), use Chen Xiang Hua Qi Wan (Aquilaria Regulating Qi Pill). For Qi deficiency with stagnation, use Yi Gong San (Extraordinary Skill Powder); for cold patterns, use Zhi Zhong Tang (Regulate the Middle Decoction). With Phlegm complication, use Er Chen Tang (Two Aged Substances Decoction) plus Xiang Fu (Cyperi Rhizoma) and Zhi Ke (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus). With Fire complication, use Zuo Jin Wan (Left Metal Pill), Long Dan Xie Gan Tang (Gentian Decoction to Drain the Liver), Wu Ji Wan (Wu-Ji Pill), or Huo Yu Tang (Fire-Stagnation Decoction). With Cold complication, use Wu Chen Tang (Wu-Chen Decoction). with Food retention complication, use Da He Zhong Yin (Great Harmony Middle Drink) or Bao He Wan (Preserve Harmony Pill). With Blood Stasis complication, use Xue Yu Tang (Blood Stagnation Decoction). For Belching, use Dai Zhe Xuan Fu Tang (Hematite and Inula Decoction). for Hiccups, use Ju Pi Zhu Ru Tang (Tangerine Peel and Bamboo Sap Decoction). for Stabbing Pain, use Mu Xiang Tiao Qi Tang (Aucklandia Regulating Qi Decoction). for Dysphagia/Chest Obstruction, use Shen Xiang San (Divine Fragrance Powder) or Mi Chuan Ge Ye Gao (Secretly Transmitted Dysphagia Paste). After anger, with hypochondriac fullness, use Jie Gan Jian (Resolve Liver Decoction) minus Sha Ren (Amomi Fructus), plus Shan Zhi (Gardeniae Fructus) and Jin Ju (Kumquat Fruit). For sudden Qi-reversal syncope due to rage, with loss of consciousness, administer She He Xiang Wan (Styrax Pill) via灌服 (gavage). For women with Blood and Qi attacking upward, causing sudden heart and abdominal pain, use Wu Chen Tang (Wu-Chen Decoction). Generally, when Qi moves, pain stops; when Qi is regulated, Blood harmonizes. Clear Qi should ascend, Turbid Qi should descend. Stagnation generates Fire, Blockage generates Phlegm. Pungent and aromatic herbs temporarily open and guide, but drying and hot herbs easily consume Yin. Since Qi belongs to Yang, excess constitutes Fire. Furthermore, ascending Qi originates from the Liver, carrying Ministerial Fire, so Qi diseases often belong to Liver Qi rebelling against the Stomach, and Liver Yang transforming into Wind. If the Chong Mai (Penetrating Vessel) loses its anchoring, the Dantian loses its grasping function, and Lung and Kidney fail to interact, panting and急促 breathing alternate. Those treating Qi diseases should contemplate these aspects.